The Basics of Morphological Analysis Morphophonemics and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Answer: No! Suffixes ◮ English speakers know which suffix to use for words they’ve The Logic of Morphological never heard before! Analysis “to slub” [sl2b] “slubbed”

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Answer: No! Suffixes ◮ English speakers know which suffix to use for words they’ve The Logic of Morphological never heard before! Analysis “to slub” [sl2b] “slubbed” [sl2b d ]

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Answer: No! Suffixes ◮ English speakers know which suffix to use for words they’ve The Logic of Morphological never heard before! Analysis “to slub” [sl2b] “slubbed” [sl2b d ] “to sluk” [sl2k] “slukked”

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Answer: No! Suffixes ◮ English speakers know which suffix to use for words they’ve The Logic of Morphological never heard before! Analysis “to slub” [sl2b] “slubbed” [sl2b d ] “to sluk” [sl2k] “slukked” [sl2k t ]

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Answer: No! Suffixes ◮ English speakers know which suffix to use for words they’ve The Logic of Morphological never heard before! Analysis “to slub” [sl2b] “slubbed” [sl2b d ] “to sluk” [sl2k] “slukked” [sl2k t ] [sl2d] “to slud” “sludded”

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Answer: No! Suffixes ◮ English speakers know which suffix to use for words they’ve The Logic of Morphological never heard before! Analysis “to slub” [sl2b] “slubbed” [sl2b d ] “to sluk” [sl2k] “slukked” [sl2k t ] [sl2d] [sl2d 1d ] “to slud” “sludded”

The Basics of Towards Morphophonemics Morphological Analysis Puzzling Fact 2: In English, there is a suffix [-1d] that has all the key properties of /-d/ : Course Readings ◮ We write it as “-ed” (even though that’s not how it’s pronounced) Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ It attaches to (most) verbs. Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ It is inflectional. Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and ◮ It means ‘past tense’ (the action happened in the past) Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis [fowld] [fowld 1d ] “fold” “fold ed ” [bæt] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics “bat” “batt ed ” and Phonotactics “lift” [lIft] “lift ed ” [lIft 1d ] Practice: The “seed” [sid] “seed ed ” [sid 1d ] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Conclusion: Suffixes Whether a past-tense verb ends in [-d], [-t], [-1d] is determined The Logic of by a general rule . Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphological Analysis Key Idea There’s a rule stating whether past-tense verbs end in [-d], [-t], [-1d] . Course Readings Introducing Morphophonemics Past Tense Morphology in English Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphological Analysis Key Idea There’s a rule stating whether past-tense verbs end in [-d], [-t], [-1d] . Course Readings Introducing Further Observations: Morphophonemics Past Tense Morphology in These three suffixes have many properties in common: English Towards Morphophonemics ◮ They attach to (most) verbs (including newly created ones) The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and Allomorphs ◮ They are inflectional Morphophonemic ◮ They mean ‘past tense’ Analysis Morphophonemics ◮ We write them as “-ed” and Phonotactics ◮ They are all really similar in form Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ They all end in an oral alveolar stop. More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphological Analysis Key Idea There’s a rule stating whether past-tense verbs end in [-d], [-t], [-1d] . Course Readings Introducing Further Observations: Morphophonemics Past Tense Morphology in These three suffixes have many properties in common: English Towards Morphophonemics ◮ They attach to (most) verbs (including newly created ones) The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and Allomorphs ◮ They are inflectional Morphophonemic ◮ They mean ‘past tense’ Analysis Morphophonemics ◮ We write them as “-ed” and Phonotactics ◮ They are all really similar in form Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ They all end in an oral alveolar stop. More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes Another Key Idea: The Logic of Morphological ◮ At some level, [-d] , [-t] , [-1d] are really the ‘same suffix’, /-d/ Analysis ◮ There’s a rule stating when to pronounce /-d/ as [-d], [-t], [-1d]

The Basics of Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphological Analysis Course Readings Key Ideas: Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ At some level, [-d] , [-t] , [-1d] are really the ‘same suffix’, /-d/ Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ There’s a rule stating when to pronounce /-d/ as [-d], [-t], [-1d] Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphological Analysis Course Readings Key Ideas: Introducing Morphophonemics ◮ At some level, [-d] , [-t] , [-1d] are really the ‘same suffix’, /-d/ Past Tense Morphology in English ◮ There’s a rule stating when to pronounce /-d/ as [-d], [-t], [-1d] Towards Morphophonemics The Existence of a Rule Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphophonemic Important Consequence: Analysis Because of these kinds of rules, we need to distinguish: Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ Morpheme: the affix as it is stored in memory ( /-d/ ) Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ Allomorph: the affix as it is actually pronounced ( [-d] , [-t] , [-1d] ) More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes Vocabulary: The Logic of Morphological Morphophonemics = The (study of) rules affecting the pronunciation Analysis of specific morphemes

The Basics of Morphophonemic Analysis Morphological Analysis Course Readings Introducing Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Question: Analysis Step 1: Determine the How do we figure out the rule stating whether past-tense /-d/ is Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities pronounced as [-d], [-t], [-1d] ? Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics Answer: and Phonotactics As with phonological rules, we can break down the process into a Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ series of manageable steps... More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Course Readings Introducing Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Step 1: Analysis Step 1: Determine the Determine the environments of the allomorphs Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Course Readings Introducing Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Step 1: Analysis Step 1: Determine the Determine the environments of the allomorphs Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ Since these are all suffixes, we will write up three lists: Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: Swedish Definite [d] Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Get the Environments Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: Swedish Definite [d] [t] Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Step 2: Course Readings For each environment, look for similarities between the Introducing Morphophonemics sounds. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Step 2: Course Readings For each environment, look for similarities between the Introducing Morphophonemics sounds. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments ◮ We want to write up three lists: Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Similarities between the phones that precede the Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules allomorph [-d] Morphophonemics ◮ Similarities between the phones that precede the and Phonotactics allomorph [-t] Practice: The ◮ Similarities between the phones that precede the Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: allomorph [-1d] Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Note: Morphological Analysis For the purposes of this unit, consonants share nothing in common with vowels.

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: Swedish Definite [d] [t] Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis Illustrative Past-Tense Forms: Course Readings [b2z d ] [bejk t ] [fowld 1d ] Introducing [saj d ] [st2f t ] [bæt 1d ] Morphophonemics [gôæb d ] [fôOT t ] [lIft 1d ] Morphophonemic [kAl d ] [Ã2mp t ] [sid 1d ] Analysis [fæn d ] [kis t ] Step 1: Determine the Environments [sejv d ] [wIS t ] Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] Practice: The [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: Swedish Definite [d] [t] All Oral Alveolar Stops! Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments Illustration: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] and Phonotactics [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: [d] [t] All Oral Alveolar Stops! Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments Illustration: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-d] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules [z] [aj] [b] [l] [n] [v] Nothing in Common Morphophonemics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] and Phonotactics [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] More Practice: [d] [t] All Oral Alveolar Stops! Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Result: Morphological Analysis The allomorph ‘ [-d] ’ is the (underlying) morpheme /-d/ .

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments The Logic Behind This Step: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ Suppose [X] is an allomorph whose environment doesn’t have Step 4: Write the Rules any unifying property... Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments The Logic Behind This Step: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ Suppose [X] is an allomorph whose environment doesn’t have Step 4: Write the Rules any unifying property... Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ If [X] weren’t the (underlying) morpheme, then there’d have to be Practice: The some rule like: Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ “The morpheme /Y/ is pronounced as the allomorph [X] in More Practice: Swedish Definite environment Z.” Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments The Logic Behind This Step: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ Suppose [X] is an allomorph whose environment doesn’t have Step 4: Write the Rules any unifying property... Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ If [X] weren’t the (underlying) morpheme, then there’d have to be Practice: The some rule like: Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ “The morpheme /Y/ is pronounced as the allomorph [X] in More Practice: Swedish Definite environment Z.” Suffixes ◮ But what would the environment ‘Z’ in such a rule be? The Logic of Morphological ◮ The sounds in [X]’s environment don’t share anything in Analysis common.

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis Step 3: ◮ There will always be (in this class) one environment where the Course Readings Introducing phones share nothing in common. Morphophonemics ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments The Logic Behind This Step: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme ◮ Suppose [X] is an allomorph whose environment doesn’t have Step 4: Write the Rules any unifying property... Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ If [X] weren’t the (underlying) morpheme, then there’d have to be Practice: The some rule like: Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ “The morpheme /Y/ is pronounced as the allomorph [X] in More Practice: Swedish Definite environment Z.” Suffixes ◮ But what would the environment ‘Z’ in such a rule be? The Logic of Morphological ◮ The sounds in [X]’s environment don’t share anything in Analysis common. ◮ Therefore, there could not be a rule like the one above. ◮ Therefore, [X] itself must be the underlying morpheme, /X/

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis Step 4: For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Course Readings to their observed environments. Introducing Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis Step 4: For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Course Readings to their observed environments. Introducing Morphophonemics Rule of Thumb: Morphophonemic Analysis If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Step 1: Determine the Environments ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ Step 2: Look for Similarities (Morpheme /Y/ is pronounced as allomorph [X] in environment Z) Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis Step 4: For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Course Readings to their observed environments. Introducing Morphophonemics Rule of Thumb: Morphophonemic Analysis If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Step 1: Determine the Environments ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ Step 2: Look for Similarities (Morpheme /Y/ is pronounced as allomorph [X] in environment Z) Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Illustration: Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] Practice: The [d] [t] All Oral Alveolar Stops! Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] More Practice: Swedish Definite [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis Step 4: For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Course Readings to their observed environments. Introducing Morphophonemics Rule of Thumb: Morphophonemic Analysis If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Step 1: Determine the Environments ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ Step 2: Look for Similarities (Morpheme /Y/ is pronounced as allomorph [X] in environment Z) Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Illustration: Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-1d] Practice: The [d] [t] All Oral Alveolar Stops! Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ The phones that precede the allomorph [-t] More Practice: Swedish Definite [k] [f] [T] [p] [s] [S] All Voiceless! Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Rule 1: /-d/ → [-1d] / Oral-Alveolar-Stop Analysis Rule 2: /-d/ → [-t] / Voiceless-C

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for English Past-Tense: Course Readings ◮ Rule 1: /-d/ → [-1d] / Oral-Alveolar-Stop Introducing ◮ Rule 2: /-d/ → [-t] / Voiceless-C Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for English Past-Tense: Course Readings ◮ Rule 1: /-d/ → [-1d] / Oral-Alveolar-Stop Introducing ◮ Rule 2: /-d/ → [-t] / Voiceless-C Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis Important Fact: Morphophonemics These rules ‘fix’ phonological problems created by suffixing /-d/ . and Phonotactics Practice: The ◮ Suffixation of /-d/ sometimes makes a word that can’t be Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ pronounced! More Practice: Swedish Definite ◮ “bake” /bejk/ + /d/ = /bejkd/ Suffixes (PROBLEM: /kd/ is not a possible coda!) The Logic of Morphological Analysis ◮ “lift” /lIft/ + /d/ = /lIftd/ (PROBLEM: /td/ is not a possible coda!)

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for English Past-Tense: Course Readings ◮ Rule 1: /-d/ → [-1d] / Oral-Alveolar-Stop Introducing ◮ Rule 2: /-d/ → [-t] / Voiceless-C Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis Important Fact: Morphophonemics These rules ‘fix’ phonological problems created by suffixing /-d/ . and Phonotactics Practice: The ◮ Suffixation of /-d/ sometimes makes a word that can’t be Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ pronounced! More Practice: Swedish Definite ◮ “bake” /bejk/ + /d/ = /bejkd/ → [bejkt] Suffixes (SOLUTION: /kt/ is a possible coda!) The Logic of Morphological Analysis ◮ “lift” /lIft/ + /d/ = /lIftd/ → [lIft1d] (SOLUTION: /t/ and /d/ are possible codas!)

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for English Past-Tense: Course Readings ◮ Rule 1: /-d/ → [-1d] / Oral-Alveolar-Stop Introducing ◮ Rule 2: /-d/ → [-t] / Voiceless-C Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis General Lesson: Morphophonemics Morphophonemic rules often exist to ‘fix’ phonological problems and Phonotactics created by the morphology. Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ Sometimes, morphology makes words that violate phonotactic More Practice: constraints. Swedish Definite Suffixes ◮ Morphophonemic rules alter those words, making them The Logic of consistent with phonotactics. Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for English Past-Tense: Course Readings ◮ Rule 1: /-d/ → [-1d] / Oral-Alveolar-Stop Introducing ◮ Rule 2: /-d/ → [-t] / Voiceless-C Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis General Lesson: Morphophonemics Morphophonemic rules often exist to ‘fix’ phonological problems and Phonotactics created by the morphology. Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ Sometimes, morphology makes words that violate phonotactic More Practice: constraints. Swedish Definite Suffixes ◮ Morphophonemic rules alter those words, making them The Logic of consistent with phonotactics. Morphological Analysis But sometimes , morphophonemic rules have nothing to do with phonotactics...

The Basics of Some Negative Prefixes in English Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the Environments Observations: Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the ◮ The words on the right look like those on the left, except that Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules they begin with: [In-] , [Im-] , [IN-] More Practice: Swedish Definite ◮ The words on the right are the ‘opposites’ of the words on the left Suffixes (Each prefix means ‘not’) The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Some Negative Prefixes in English Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the Environments Question: Step 2: Look for Similarities Do we really see three different prefixes in the words above? Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Each prefix has a very similar form: More Practice: ◮ Begins with [I] Swedish Definite Suffixes ◮ Ends with a nasal stop: [n], [m], [N] The Logic of ◮ Each prefix has the same meaning (i.e., ‘not A’) Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Some Negative Prefixes in English Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the Idea: Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Let’s apply the steps of ‘morphophonemic’ analysis, to see if we can Step 3: Identify the Morpheme relate these allomorphs to the same morpheme! Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 1: Determine the Environments Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , [g] More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Bilabial Oral Stops Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Bilabial Oral Stops Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , [g] More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 2: Look for Similarities Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : Step 3: Identify the [p] , [b] Bilabial Oral Stops Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , [g] Velar Oral Stops More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 3: Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Find the allomorph such that the sounds in its environment Step 3: Identify the Morpheme share nothing in common. Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 3: Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Find the allomorph such that the sounds in its environment Step 3: Identify the Morpheme share nothing in common. Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes Environments of the Allomorphs: The Logic of Morphological ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Analysis ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : [p] , [b] Bilabial Oral Stops ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , [g] Velar Oral Stops

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 3: Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Find the allomorph such that the sounds in its environment Step 3: Identify the Morpheme share nothing in common. Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes Environments of the Allomorphs: The Logic of Morphological ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Analysis

The Basics of Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 3: Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities ◮ Find the allomorph such that the sounds in its environment Step 3: Identify the Morpheme share nothing in common. Step 4: Write the Rules ◮ Choose that allomorph as the (underlying) morpheme. More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes Environments of the Allomorphs: The Logic of Morphological ◮ Phones that follow [In-] : [2] , [h] Nothing in Common Analysis Conclusion: The underlying morpheme is /In-/

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 4: Step 1: Determine the Environments For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the to their observed environments. Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Rule of Thumb: More Practice: Swedish Definite If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Suffixes ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 4: Step 1: Determine the Environments For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the to their observed environments. Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Rule of Thumb: More Practice: Swedish Definite If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Suffixes ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ The Logic of Morphological Analysis Environments for Remaining Allomorphs: ◮ Phones that follow [Im-] : [p] , [b] Bilabial Oral Stops ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , [g] Velar Oral Stops

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 4: Step 1: Determine the Environments For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the to their observed environments. Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Rule of Thumb: More Practice: Swedish Definite If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Suffixes ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ The Logic of Morphological Analysis Environments for Remaining Allomorphs: ◮ /In-/ → [Im] / Biliabial-Oral-Stop ◮ Phones that follow [IN-] : [k] , [g] Velar Oral Stops

The Basics of Step 4: Write the Rules Morphological Analysis “attentive” [2tEntIv] “ in attentive” [ In 2tEntIv] “hospitable” [hAspIt1b@l] “ in hospitable” [ In hAspIt1b@l] Course Readings Introducing “possible” [pAs@bl ] “ im possible” [ Im pAs@bl ] Morphophonemics " " “balanced” [bæl@nst] “ im balanced” [ Im bæl@nst] Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics “complete” [k2mplit] “ in complete” [ IN k2mplit] and Phonotactics “glorious” [glOôi@s] “ in glorious” [ IN glOôi@s] Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 4: Step 1: Determine the Environments For the remaining allomorphs, write out the rules that would limit them Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the to their observed environments. Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules Rule of Thumb: More Practice: Swedish Definite If allomorph [X] is found in environment Z, the rule to write is: Suffixes ‘/Y/ → [X] / Z ’ The Logic of Morphological Analysis Environments for Remaining Allomorphs: ◮ /In-/ → [Im] / Biliabial-Oral-Stop ◮ /In-/ → [IN] / Velar-Oral-Stop

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for /In-/ : Course Readings ◮ /In-/ → [Im] / Biliabial-Oral-Stop Introducing ◮ /In-/ → [IN] / Velar-Oral-Stop Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes The Logic of Morphological Analysis

The Basics of Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Morphological Analysis Morphophonemic Rules for /In-/ : Course Readings ◮ /In-/ → [Im] / Biliabial-Oral-Stop Introducing ◮ /In-/ → [IN] / Velar-Oral-Stop Morphophonemics Morphophonemic Analysis Observation: Morphophonemics and Phonotactics ◮ Unlike the rules for past-tense, these rules don’t serve to ‘fix’ Practice: The phonotactic violations. Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ Step 1: Determine the ◮ Even if the rules didn’t apply, we could still pronounce the words. Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the *inpossible [I np As1bl ] (unpopular [2 np Apjul1ô] ) Morpheme " Step 4: Write the Rules *incompatable [I nk @mpæt@bl ] (uncaring [2 nk ejôiN] ) " More Practice: Swedish Definite Suffixes Conclusion: The Logic of Morphological ◮ Some morphophonemic rules aren’t there to fix phonotactic Analysis violations ◮ (They’re there ‘just because’)

The Basics of Morphological Analysis Course Readings Introducing Morphophonemics Morphophonemic ◮ Let’s do one last morphophonemic problem together, Analysis just to practice this all one last time. Morphophonemics and Phonotactics Practice: The Prefix ‘- /In/ ’ ◮ This problem will contain an extra ‘difficulty’ that you More Practice: won’t find on the problems you’ll be assigned. Swedish Definite Suffixes Step 1: Determine the Environments Step 2: Look for Similarities Step 3: Identify the Morpheme Step 4: Write the Rules The Logic of Morphological Analysis