TELEVISION SOUND Microphones & Mixing Microphones pick-up - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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TELEVISION SOUND Microphones & Mixing Microphones pick-up - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 11, 2024 239 likes •624 views

TELEVISION SOUND Microphones & Mixing Microphones pick-up quality depends on several variables placement acoustic environment design & selection MICROPHONE TYPES Dynamic (moving coil or ribbon) A microphone

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TELEVISION SOUND

Microphones & Mixing

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Microphones

  • pick-up quality depends on several variables

– placement – acoustic environment – design & selection

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MICROPHONE TYPES

  • Dynamic (moving coil or ribbon)

– A microphone that operates by electromagnetic induction to generate an output signal. – RUGGED & INEXPENSIVE

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Let’s get graphic

Sound moves the diaphragm and the attached coil of wire moves in the field of the

  • magnet. The generator effect produces a voltage which "images" the sound pressure

variation.

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DIAPHRAM

  • Like the Human Ear
  • Moves freely in response to pressure

– like barometer – responds to atmospheric changes on its surface

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Size of Diaphram

  • SMALL Diameter

– better high Frequency response – bright / brilliant sound – not much low frequency response – long-low frequency waves pass by capsule – bass notes cause little movement of diaphram

  • HEAVIER DIAPHRAM

– less able to respond to quick atmospheric changes

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MICROPHONE TYPES

  • Condenser

– operates on electrostatic principle (rather than electromagnetic)

  • Head (capsule) consists of two very thin plates - one

moveable & one fixed

  • two plates form a capacitor - electrical device

capable of storing an electrical charge.

  • Sound pressure sensitive (air between plates)
  • must be polarized with DC current (48V Phantom

power)

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Graphics Again !!!

  • Head (capsule) consists
  • f two very thin plates -
  • ne moveable & one fixed
  • two plates form a

capacitor - electrical device capable of storing an electrical charge.

  • Sound pressure sensitive

(air between plates) must be polarized with DC current (48V Phantom power)

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Advantages / Disadvantages

  • Best overall frequency response makes the

microphone a good choice for many recording applications

  • Detailed sound Quality / High sensitivity
  • Expensive
  • May pop and crack when close miked
  • Sensitivity make them prone to distort in

high volume work

  • Requires a battery or external power supply

(Phantom Power)

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The Electret Condenser Mic

  • uses a special type of capacitor which has a

permanent voltage built in during

  • manufacture. This is somewhat like a

permanent magnet, in that it doesn't require any external power for operation.

  • Examples

– Video camera mics – Computer mics

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DIRECTIONAL RESPONSE

  • Mics differ in the way

they respond to sounds coming from different directions

  • Polar Pattern or

Polar Response

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Mic Pick-up Patterns

Graph plots relative sensitivity in dB versus angle of sound incidence in degrees

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Three Major Polar Patterns

  • Omnidirectional
  • Bidirectional
  • Unidirectional
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Omnidirectional

Sensitive to sounds arriving from all directions

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Bidirectional

  • Sensitive to sound

arriving from front and rear

  • Rejects sound from

sides

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Unidirectional

  • Most sensitive to

sound arriving in

  • ne direction
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Cardioid

Heart Shaped (Cardio)

  • Accepts sounds arriving from

a broad angle in front

  • 6db less sensitive at sides
  • 15-25dB less sensitive at rear
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Balanced vs. Unbalanced

  • Balanced

– minimizing unwanted noise from interference in audio cables

  • any interference picked up in a balanced cable is

eliminated at the point where the cable plugs into a sound mixer or other equipment.

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Unbalanced

  • hot line carries

the signal and an earth (ground) line.

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Balanced

When the cable is plugged into an input (on a mixer or other equipment) the hot and cold signals are 180 degrees out of phase, but at the input stage they are put "back in phase"

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Balanced XLR

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1/4” TS (Tip / Sleeve)

MONO

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1/4” TRS (Tip –Ring- Sleeve)

STEREO

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RCA / PHONO PLUG

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Mics & Such

  • Lavaliere (lav)
  • Boom
  • Hand held
  • Desk
  • Wind Screen / Diffuser
  • Audio Snake
  • Mic Splitter
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STEREO MICING

  • 2 identical microphones spaced apart
  • designed to sound just like the ear hears.
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Supplemental Web Site

  • TV Sound: The Basics
  • Microphones - Part 1
  • Microphones - Part 2
  • Audio Control Devices
  • Recording / Playback Devices
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Types of Microphones

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Free Field (Hand Held)

  • Meant to be used away

from reflective surfaces

  • Most mics are

considered “Free Field”

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Boundry Mics

  • Designed to be used
  • n a surface

– Floor – Table – Wall – Piano lid

  • Drama
  • Musical
  • Small ensembles
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STEREO MICS

  • Two mic capsules in
  • ne housing
  • Two XLR’s (L-R)
  • Most XY Patten

– Coincident pair

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Shotgun Microphone

  • Long Tube Shaped
  • Highly directional
  • Maximum rejection
  • f unwanted sound
  • Most uses

– Video dialog – News gathering – Outdoor recording

  • Windscreen or muff
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Parabolic Microphone

  • Directional
  • Sensitivity
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Lavaliere

  • Lapel Mic
  • Condenser

– Omni – Uni

  • Phantom Power
  • Battery
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Wireless

  • Lapel
  • Handheld
  • AC &/or Battery
  • Transmitter / Receiver
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Stands / Booms

  • Desk
  • Floor
  • Boom
  • Studio Boom
  • Handheld boom
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Mult-Box

Active

Passive

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SNAKE