Techno-Consult International (Pvt.) Ltd. A city of more than 16 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

By

• Dr. Muhammad Bashir Lakhani

Director (Water & Energy Division) Techno-Consult International (Pvt.) Ltd.

 A city of more than 16 million inhabitants

(as per census 2017)

 Area of Karachi District 3600 sq. km (more

than 1300 sq km built-up area)

 Water Demand @ 54 gallon per person per

day - 864 Million Gallons per Day (MGD)

 Current Supply ??????  Water Loss due to leakage and/or theft

• Water is being supplied to Karachi from a considerably

distant located water source through bulk conveyance system comprising of a complex network of canals, conduits, siphons, multi-stage pumping and filtration

• More than 110 KM Bulk Transmissions, Distribution

Network ~10,000 KM, 25 Bulk Reservoirs, 150 + Pumping Stations, ~ 50 m kWh Power Consumption per month costing about 700 million

• Any addition to this system or implementation of any

Water Transmission / Supply Project for Karachi City requires 8-10 years from project planning to actual

• peration Long-Term – Huge Cost
• Any Loss of Water further aggravate the shortage
• problem. Solution – Short-Term / Mid Term /Economical

Karachi

Hub Canal

Arabian Sea

Dhabeji PS Hub Dam Bulk Supply Conduits NEK Kinjhar Lake Manghapir PS Hub WTW Pipri North Karachi COD High Point

PRINCIPAL WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES IN KARACHI

GUJJO HEAD WORKS

Water from Kinjhar Lake to Karachi City including Manora & BB Ilands

Water supply to Islands

• Route Length 12 Km

Bhit Island Baba Island Eastern Backwater Western Backwater Arabian Sea Salehabad Salt Plant

 Demand in 2017-

(14.9 M ) 805 MGD

 Demand in 2019-

(16 M) 860 MGD

 Projected Demand in 2030 (23.3 M)-

1260 MGD

 Total Capacity of existing WS transmission system  550 MGD from Indus System through Kinjhar Lake and

Dhabeji Pumping System

 100 MGD from Hub Dam Reservoir  Actual Supply to Karachi  About 400 – 450 MGD from Indus System

(Pumping Machinery problems, Port Qasim and Steel Mills Supplies and theft from main transmission Lines)

 Limited Water supply available from Hub Dam ~ 50 MGD  Water Loss - Pipes Leakages / Theft ?????

 Water Loss and /or

unaccounted water

 Contamination due to

infiltration of wastewater / sewage into water supply system

Breakup

• f

water leakages from the bulk transmission network and distribution network was as under:

Water leakages from Primary distribution mains 20-25% Water leakages from distribution lines 15-20% Total assessed leakage (1989-90)* 35-45% Total assessed leakage as per JICA** (2008) 25-30%

* Survey and Study by International Consultants **The latest study conducted on KW&SB’s water supply was JICA Master Plan completed in 2008.

Leakages are from Pipe Joints, damaged /rusted old pipes and damages / inappropriate house connections points /clamps

 In Karachi around 90% of water is supplied from distant

located Indus river source through a gigantic transmission system comprising

• f canals , conduits, huge pumping

complexes and filtration plants.

 Wastage of water through leaking pipes is not only the

wastage of this scarce commodity but also loss of limited financial resources.

 A detailed study conducted by an international consulting firm

• n water loss reduction in the year 1989-90 concluded that

around 35-45% water pumped from the source is wasted due to leaking pipes in the primary and secondary distribution network.

 In case of 24/7 supply the only drawback of leaking pipes is loss of

water but in case of intermittent supply the water which oozes out from the leaking joints and loose house connection clamps infiltrate in the lines during non-supply hours due to creation of negative pressure in the secondary distribution network.

 Persistent leakage from any leaking joint or connection clamps

makes it way towards the nearby perforated or damaged sewer manholes and from the same path wastewater may enter in water lines due to negative pressure (suction).

 Complaints of water contamination are increasing in the city as the

• utlived rubber rings of Asbestos cement pipes laid decades back

have lost the flexibility and causing leakages/contamination . Use of substandard and improperly fixed connection clamps by consumers is also said to be the major cause of water contamination.

• Used for water trunk mains

PRCC pipe with rubber ring joints

• Used for Water Trunk mains and

rising mains Mild Steel pipes

• Used for Water trunk mains as

well as in distribution network,

• bsolete nowadays.

Cast Iron pipes with lead joints

• Used at very few places, not in

use now. Galvanized Iron (G.I) pipes

• Its use has been prohibited in

Sindh around 10 years back.

Asbestos Cement (A.C) pipes with comet joints rubber rings

• Used in secondary distribution

network only being costlier than MS pipe in larger dia. HDPE pipes with fusion butt joints

• Not a good option due to quality

issues. UPVC pipe with solution joints & rubber ring joints

 HDPE pipe is the best choice for use in water

supply network as it is a joint less pipe hence no leakages from joints. Further it has no wear and tear with age, low coefficient of friction hence lesser head loss.

 KW&SB started the use of HDPE pipe in the year

2006 in Tameer e Karachi Program (TKP).

 With the use of HDPE pipe the chances of water

leakages in the distribution network are confined to house connection clamps only.

 Metering on water transmission lines for water audit.  Revival of leak detection unit in KW&SB.  Making appropriate allocations for leak repairs and minimizing

unaccounted for water.

 Immediate repair of the visible leakages on bulk transmission lines.  Improved supervision of works.  Control on use of substandard connection clamps by the consumers.  Optimizing the use of HDPE pipes.  Discourage use of UPVC pipe due to quality issues.  Acquiring the latest available equipment for leak detection.  Horizontal learning and sharing best practices/ success stories.  Training of the staff for leak detection.  Training and licensing of plumbers.  Consumer education programs.