Locality-sensitive Hashing without False Negatives
Rasmus Pagh IT University of Copenhagen SODA, January 10, 2016
SCALABLE SIMILARITY SEARCH
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1-2 post-doc positions available starting fall 2016 - contact me for details!
Talk outline Hamming similarity search Approximate similarity - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Locality-sensitive Hashing without False Negatives S CALABLE S IMILARITY Rasmus Pagh IT University of Copenhagen S EARCH SODA, January 10, 2016 1-2 post-doc positions available starting fall 2016 - contact me for details! 1 Talk outline
Rasmus Pagh IT University of Copenhagen SODA, January 10, 2016
1
1-2 post-doc positions available starting fall 2016 - contact me for details!
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d s.t. given query
vector q and radius r, can decide where = Hamming distance between x and q.
3
v a n i l l a v e r s i
∃x ∈ S : ||x − q|| ≤ r ||x − q||
Hamming similarity search in time n0.99 2o(d) ⟹ k-SAT w. n variables can be solved in time αn, α < 2
d s.t. given query
vector q and radius r, can decide where = Hamming distance between x and q.
3
v a n i l l a v e r s i
∃x ∈ S : ||x − q|| ≤ r ||x − q||
Hamming similarity search in time n0.99 2o(d) ⟹ k-SAT w. n variables can be solved in time αn, α < 2
d s.t. given query
vector q and radius r, can decide where = Hamming distance between x and q.
3
v a n i l l a v e r s i
∃x ∈ S : ||x − q|| ≤ r ||x − q||
S t r
g E T H s t a t e s : N
p
s i b l e !
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radius cr
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radius cr
4
radius cr
4
radius cr
[Indyk & Motwani, STOC ’98]:
Time O(dn1/c), space O(n1+1/c + dn)
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
h(x) = x ⋀ a
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
Candidate match
h(x) = x ⋀ a
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
Candidate match
h(x) = x ⋀ a hi(x) = x ⋀ ai
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
Candidate match
h(x) = x ⋀ a hi(x) = x ⋀ ai
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
repetitions ensure constant success probability
t = n1/c
5
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Idea: Consider projection onto a random subset of dimensions, each chosen with probability p
Candidate match
h(x) = x ⋀ a hi(x) = x ⋀ ai
[Indyk & Motwani ’98]
repetitions ensure constant success probability
t = n1/c
Possibility of false negatives
6
Reference
Exponent, search time Comment
Linear search
1
Indyk & Motwani STOC ’98
1/c
* Focus on subquadratic space; lower order terms ignored.
6
Reference
Exponent, search time Comment
Linear search
1
Indyk & Motwani STOC ’98
1/c
Andoni & Razenshteyn STOC ‘15
1/(2c-1)
Data dependent LSH
* Focus on subquadratic space; lower order terms ignored.
6
Reference
Exponent, search time Comment
Linear search
1
Indyk & Motwani STOC ’98
1/c
Andoni & Razenshteyn STOC ‘15
1/(2c-1)
Data dependent LSH
Laarhoven arXiv ‘15
(2c-1)/c2
Linear space
* Focus on subquadratic space; lower order terms ignored.
6
Reference
Exponent, search time Comment
Linear search
1
Indyk & Motwani STOC ’98
1/c
Andoni & Razenshteyn STOC ‘15
1/(2c-1)
Data dependent LSH
Laarhoven arXiv ‘15
(2c-1)/c2
Linear space
Alman & Williams FOCS ‘15
Batched, c=1
Karppa, Kaski & Kohonen SODA ‘16
Batched [c>1, random data, ω > 2.25]
1 − ˜ Ω(log(n)/d)
* Focus on subquadratic space; lower order terms ignored.
2ω−3 3
7
Reference
Exponent, search time Comment
Linear search
1
Indyk & Motwani STOC ’98
1/c
Andoni & Razenshteyn STOC ‘15
1/(2c-1)
Data dependent LSH
Laarhoven arXiv ‘15
(2c-1)/c2
Linear space
Alman & Williams FOCS ‘15
Batched, c=1
Karppa, Kaski & Kohonen SODA ‘16
Batched [c>1, random data, ω > 2.25]
1 − ˜ Ω(log(n)/d)
* Focus on subquadratic space; lower order terms ignored.
2ω−3 3
P
s i b i l i t y
f a l s e n e g a t i v e s
8
Reference
Exponent, search time Comment
Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik VLDB ‘06
≈ 3/c
(analysis not in their paper)
This paper
ln(4)/c
This paper
1/c
For cr = log (n)
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h1 partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h2 partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h3 partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h4 partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
For Hamming distance ≤ 3, a collision is guaranteed!
partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
9
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
For Hamming distance ≤ 3, a collision is guaranteed! [Arasu et al. ’06]: To bound probability of collision for distance > 3 randomly permute the dimensions
partitioning
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
10
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h12 enumeration
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
11
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h13 enumeration
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
12
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h14 enumeration
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
12
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h14 enumeration
For Hamming distance ≤ 2, a collision is guaranteed in h12, h13, h14, h23, h24, h34
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06]
12
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
h14 enumeration
For Hamming distance ≤ 2, a collision is guaranteed in h12, h13, h14, h23, h24, h34
[Arasu, Ganti & Kaushik ’06] Probabilistic argument suggests that it is possible to do much better. But how?
with 0s in all of them.
13
with 0s in all of them.
13
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y
with 0s in all of them.
13
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e
with 0s in all of them.
How few rows can such a matrix have?
13
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e N u m b e r
h a s h f u n c t i
s
with 0s in all of them.
How few rows can such a matrix have?
13
p = 4/7 r = 2
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e N u m b e r
h a s h f u n c t i
s
with 0s in all of them.
How few rows can such a matrix have?
13
p = 4/7 r = 2
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e N u m b e r
h a s h f u n c t i
s
with 0s in all of them.
How few rows can such a matrix have?
13
p = 4/7 r = 2
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e N u m b e r
h a s h f u n c t i
s
with 0s in all of them.
How few rows can such a matrix have?
13
p = 4/7 r = 2
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e N u m b e r
h a s h f u n c t i
s
with 0s in all of them.
How few rows can such a matrix have?
13
p = 4/7 r = 2
S m a l l c
l i s i
p r
a b i l i t y C
l i s i
g u a r a n t e e N u m b e r
h a s h f u n c t i
s
In the mathematics literature such a construction is referred to as a covering design
14
[Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
14
001 010 011 101 110 111 100 001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary) [Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
14
Idea: Entry is dot product (mod 2) of row/column ID vectors (Hadamard code)
001 010 011 101 110 111 100 001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary) [Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
14
Idea: Entry is dot product (mod 2) of row/column ID vectors (Hadamard code)
001 010 011 101 110 111 100 001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary)
(0,1,1)·(0,1,0)=1
[Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
14
Idea: Entry is dot product (mod 2) of row/column ID vectors (Hadamard code)
001 010 011 101 110 111 100 001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary)
(0,1,1)·(0,1,1)=0
[Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
15
001 010 011 101 110 111 100 001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary)
Idea: Entry is dot product (mod 2) of row/column ID vectors (Hadamard code)
[Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
15
Lemma: For every set of r vectors in {0,1}r+1 there exists a nonzero vector that is orthogonal to all
001 010 011 101 110 111 100 001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary)
Idea: Entry is dot product (mod 2) of row/column ID vectors (Hadamard code)
[Gordon, Patashnik, Kuperberg ’95]
16
m(1)
001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary)
Idea: Choose columns of covering design using a hash function m: {1,…,d}⟶{0,1}r+1.
m(2) m(3) m(4) m(5) m(d) … … … …
16
m(1)
001 010 011 101 110 111 100
Index (binary)
Idea: Choose columns of covering design using a hash function m: {1,…,d}⟶{0,1}r+1.
m(2) m(3) m(4) m(5) m(d) …
Lemma: Pr[x ⋀ ai = y ⋀ ai ] ≤ 2−||x−y||
… … …
17
Implementation in Python
all distances by an integer factor t.
18
1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101
qt= xt=
all distances by an integer factor t.
18
1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101 1100101 1101101
qt= xt=
produce denser coverings.
19
r=6, c=2
1000 106 109 1012 n (size of set) 1000 104 105 106 107 Time
Similarity search, radius 6, approx. factor 2
set)
CoveringLSH (1 partition) Classical LSH, error prob. 1%
20
Part 1 Part 2 Part s
…
radius r/s on each part
20
Part 1 Part 2 Part s
…
s = 2 r = 5
106 1010 1014 1018 n (size of set) 105 109 1013 1017 1021 Time
Similarity search, radius 256, approx. factor 2
21
r=256, c=2
set)
Linear search Classical LSH, error prob. 1/n Classical LSH, error prob. 1% CoveringLSH (multi-partition)
22
M a t c h p e r f
m a n c e
c l a s s i c a l (
d a t a d e p . ) L S H w i t h
t f a l s e n e g . ?
22
M a t c h p e r f
m a n c e
c l a s s i c a l (
d a t a d e p . ) L S H w i t h
t f a l s e n e g . ? L i n e a r s p a c e n e a r n e i g h b
s e a r c h w i t h
t f a l s e n e g a t i v e s : M a t c h i n g k n
n b
n d s ?
C
d i t i
a l l
e r b
n d s f
a p p r
i m a t e s i m i l a r i t y s e a r c h ? ( B a s e d
S E T H , 3 S U M , … )
22
M a t c h p e r f
m a n c e
c l a s s i c a l (
d a t a d e p . ) L S H w i t h
t f a l s e n e g . ? L i n e a r s p a c e n e a r n e i g h b
s e a r c h w i t h
t f a l s e n e g a t i v e s : M a t c h i n g k n
n b
n d s ?
23
Acknowledgement of economic support: