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tr s tr - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 27, 2023 •225 likes •1.24k views

trt t ts Prt s sr t Prr r t

  1. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ▌♊t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ✎✷ ❉❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❋❡❛t✉r❡s ❢♊r ❘✉❧❡s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✿ • ❙♊❢t✇❛r❡ ■♥t❡r♊♣❡r❛❜✐❧✐t② • ■♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ • ❊❛s✐❧② ❡①t❡♥❞❛❜❧❡ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❢r❛♠❡✇♊r❊ • ❍✐❣❀❡r✲❖r❞❡r ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✿ r✉❧❡s t❀❛t t❛❧❩ ❛❜♩✉t ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡s • ❙t❛t✐♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r✐❝ r✉❧❡s ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❈❲❆ r✉❧❡✮ • ❉❡✜♥✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ✐♥ ❛ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❖✉r ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❍✐❣❀❡r✲♊r❞❡r ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❊❳t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✭ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s✮ ❬✷✻❪ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  2. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ▌♊t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ ✎✷ ❉❡s✐r❛❜❧❡ ❋❡❛t✉r❡s ❢♊r ❘✉❧❡s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✿ • ❙♊❢t✇❛r❡ ■♥t❡r♊♣❡r❛❜✐❧✐t② • ■♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ • ❊❛s✐❧② ❡①t❡♥❞❛❜❧❡ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❢r❛♠❡✇♊r❊ • ❍✐❣❀❡r✲❖r❞❡r ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✿ r✉❧❡s t❀❛t t❛❧❩ ❛❜♩✉t ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡s • ❙t❛t✐♥❣ ❣❡♥❡r✐❝ r✉❧❡s ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ ❈❲❆ r✉❧❡✮ • ❉❡✜♥✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ✐♥ ❛ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❖✉r ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❍✐❣❀❡r✲♊r❞❡r ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❊❳t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✭ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s✮ ❬✷✻❪ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  3. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ❉❡❢✳ ❆ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠ ✐s ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ s❡t P ♊❢ r✉❧❡s✿ α 1 √ · · · √ α k ← β 1 , . . . , β n , not β n +1 , . . . , not β m , m, k ≥ 0 ✱ ✇❀❡r❡ α 1 , . . . , α k ❛r❡ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❛♥❞ β 1 , . . . , β m ❛r❡ ❡✐t❀❡r ❀✐❣❀❡r✲♊r❞❡r ❛t♩♠s ♩r ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✳ ❍✐❣❀❡r✲❖r❞❡r ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ ( t 0 , t 1 , . . . , t n ) r❡s♣✳ t 0 ( t 1 , . . . , t n ) , ✇❀❡r❡ t 0 , . . . , t n ❛r❡ ✭❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥✲❢r❡❡✮ t❡r♠s✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s✿ ( x, rdf : type , c ) ✱ node ( X ) ✱ D ( a, b ) ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  4. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ❉❡❢✳ ❆ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠ ✐s ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ s❡t P ♊❢ r✉❧❡s✿ α 1 √ · · · √ α k ← β 1 , . . . , β n , not β n +1 , . . . , not β m , m, k ≥ 0 ✱ ✇❀❡r❡ α 1 , . . . , α k ❛r❡ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❛♥❞ β 1 , . . . , β m ❛r❡ ❡✐t❀❡r ❀✐❣❀❡r✲♊r❞❡r ❛t♩♠s ♩r ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✳ ❍✐❣❀❡r✲❖r❞❡r ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ ( t 0 , t 1 , . . . , t n ) r❡s♣✳ t 0 ( t 1 , . . . , t n ) , ✇❀❡r❡ t 0 , . . . , t n ❛r❡ ✭❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥✲❢r❡❡✮ t❡r♠s✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s✿ ( x, rdf : type , c ) ✱ node ( X ) ✱ D ( a, b ) ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  5. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ✎✷ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ & g [ t 1 , . . . , t n ]( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) , ✇❀❡r❡ • & g ✐s ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❛♥❞ • t 1 , . . . , t n ❛♥❞ t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♊❢ t❡r♠s ✭ ✐♥♣✉t ✮ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐sts✮✳ ■♥t✉✐t✐♊♥✿ ❉❡❝✐❞❡ ♠❡♠❜❡rs❀✐♣ ♊❢ ( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♊♥ I ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs t 1 , . . . , t n ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ & sum [ p ]( X ) ⇒ I : { p (2) , p (3) , q (4) } ⇒ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐st✿ ✺ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st✿ p ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  6. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ✎✷ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ & g [ t 1 , . . . , t n ]( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) , ✇❀❡r❡ • & g ✐s ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❛♥❞ • t 1 , . . . , t n ❛♥❞ t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♊❢ t❡r♠s ✭ ✐♥♣✉t ✮ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐sts✮✳ ■♥t✉✐t✐♊♥✿ ❉❡❝✐❞❡ ♠❡♠❜❡rs❀✐♣ ♊❢ ( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♊♥ I ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs t 1 , . . . , t n ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ & sum [ p ]( X ) ⇒ I : { p (2) , p (3) , q (4) } ⇒ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐st✿ ✺ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st✿ p ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  7. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ✎✷ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ & g [ t 1 , . . . , t n ]( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) , ✇❀❡r❡ • & g ✐s ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❛♥❞ • t 1 , . . . , t n ❛♥❞ t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♊❢ t❡r♠s ✭ ✐♥♣✉t ✮ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐sts✮✳ ■♥t✉✐t✐♊♥✿ ❉❡❝✐❞❡ ♠❡♠❜❡rs❀✐♣ ♊❢ ( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♊♥ I ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs t 1 , . . . , t n ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ & sum [ p ]( X ) ⇒ I : { p (2) , p (3) , q (4) } ⇒ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐st✿ ✺ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st✿ p ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  8. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ✎✷ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ & g [ t 1 , . . . , t n ]( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) , ✇❀❡r❡ • & g ✐s ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❛♥❞ • t 1 , . . . , t n ❛♥❞ t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♊❢ t❡r♠s ✭ ✐♥♣✉t ✮ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐sts✮✳ ■♥t✉✐t✐♊♥✿ ❉❡❝✐❞❡ ♠❡♠❜❡rs❀✐♣ ♊❢ ( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♊♥ I ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs t 1 , . . . , t n ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ & sum [ p ]( X ) ⇒ I : { p (2) , p (3) , q (4) } ⇒ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐st✿ ✺ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st✿ p ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  9. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙②♥t❛① ✎✷ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❆t♩♠s ❛r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❢♊r♠ & g [ t 1 , . . . , t n ]( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) , ✇❀❡r❡ • & g ✐s ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♥❛♠❡✱ ❛♥❞ • t 1 , . . . , t n ❛♥❞ t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ❛r❡ ❧✐sts ♊❢ t❡r♠s ✭ ✐♥♣✉t ✮ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐sts✮✳ ■♥t✉✐t✐♊♥✿ ❉❡❝✐❞❡ ♠❡♠❜❡rs❀✐♣ ♊❢ ( t ′ 1 , . . . , t ′ m ) ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♊♥ I ❛♥❞ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs t 1 , . . . , t n ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ & sum [ p ]( X ) ⇒ I : { p (2) , p (3) , q (4) } ⇒ ♩✉t♣✉t ❧✐st✿ ✺ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st✿ p ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  10. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s✿ & reach [ edge , a ]( X ) ✳ ✳ ✳ r❡❛❝❀❛❜❧❡ ♥♊❞❡s ❢r♩♠ a ✐♥ edge ✳ ⇒ ✏❘❡t✉r♥ ✶ ✐❢ ï¿œ a, X ï¿œ ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ edge ✐♥ I ✳✑ & rdf [ uri ]( X, Y, Z ) ✳ ✳ ✳ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡s ❢♊✉♥❞ ✉♥❞❡r uri ✳ ⇒ ✏❘❡t✉r♥ ✶ ✐❢ ï¿œ X, Y, Z ï¿œ ✐s ❛♥ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡ ✐♥ uri ✳✑ ✭❆s ❛❧r❡❛❞② ♠❡♥t✐♊♥❡❞ ✐♥ ❯♥✐t ✹✮ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  11. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s✿ & reach [ edge , a ]( X ) ✳ ✳ ✳ r❡❛❝❀❛❜❧❡ ♥♊❞❡s ❢r♩♠ a ✐♥ edge ✳ ⇒ ✏❘❡t✉r♥ ✶ ✐❢ ï¿œ a, X ï¿œ ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ edge ✐♥ I ✳✑ & rdf [ uri ]( X, Y, Z ) ✳ ✳ ✳ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡s ❢♊✉♥❞ ✉♥❞❡r uri ✳ ⇒ ✏❘❡t✉r♥ ✶ ✐❢ ï¿œ X, Y, Z ï¿œ ✐s ❛♥ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡ ✐♥ uri ✳✑ ✭❆s ❛❧r❡❛❞② ♠❡♥t✐♊♥❡❞ ✐♥ ❯♥✐t ✹✮ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  12. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❉❡✜♥❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ P ✐♥ t❡r♠s ♊❢ ✐ts ❣r♊✉♥❞✐♥❣ grnd ( P ) ✳ ⇒ ❍❡r❜r❛♥❞ ❜❛s❡ HB P ♊❢ P ✿ s❡t ♊❢ ❛❧❧ ❣r♊✉♥❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ❛t♩♠s ❛♥❞ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✐♥ P ✭r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♩ s❡t ♊❢ ❝♊♥st❛♥ts C ✮✳ • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s ❣r♊✉♥❞ ❛t♩♠ a ✱ ✐❢ a ∈ I • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s ❣r♊✉♥❞ & g [ y 1 , . . . , y n ]( x 1 , . . . , x m ) ✐✛ f & g ( I, y 1 . . . , y n , x 1 , . . . , x m ) = 1 , ✇❀❡r❡ f & g ✐s ❛♥ ( n + m +1) ✲❛r② ❇♊♊❧❡❛♥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇❀❡t❀❡r ( x 1 , . . . , x m ) ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❢♊r ✐♥♣✉t I, y 1 . . . , y n ✳ • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s P ✐✛ ✐t ♠♊❞❡❧s grnd ( P ) • I ⊆ HB P ✐s ❛♥ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♊❢ P ✐✛ I ✐s ❛ ♠✐♥✐♠❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧ ♊❢ fP I ✱ ✇❀❡r❡ fP I ✐s t❀❡ ❋▲P✲r❡❞✉❝t ♊❢ P ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  13. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❉❡✜♥❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ P ✐♥ t❡r♠s ♊❢ ✐ts ❣r♊✉♥❞✐♥❣ grnd ( P ) ✳ ⇒ ❍❡r❜r❛♥❞ ❜❛s❡ HB P ♊❢ P ✿ s❡t ♊❢ ❛❧❧ ❣r♊✉♥❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ❛t♩♠s ❛♥❞ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✐♥ P ✭r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♩ s❡t ♊❢ ❝♊♥st❛♥ts C ✮✳ • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s ❣r♊✉♥❞ ❛t♩♠ a ✱ ✐❢ a ∈ I • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s ❣r♊✉♥❞ & g [ y 1 , . . . , y n ]( x 1 , . . . , x m ) ✐✛ f & g ( I, y 1 . . . , y n , x 1 , . . . , x m ) = 1 , ✇❀❡r❡ f & g ✐s ❛♥ ( n + m +1) ✲❛r② ❇♊♊❧❡❛♥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇❀❡t❀❡r ( x 1 , . . . , x m ) ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❢♊r ✐♥♣✉t I, y 1 . . . , y n ✳ • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s P ✐✛ ✐t ♠♊❞❡❧s grnd ( P ) • I ⊆ HB P ✐s ❛♥ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♊❢ P ✐✛ I ✐s ❛ ♠✐♥✐♠❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧ ♊❢ fP I ✱ ✇❀❡r❡ fP I ✐s t❀❡ ❋▲P✲r❡❞✉❝t ♊❢ P ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  14. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❉❡✜♥❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ P ✐♥ t❡r♠s ♊❢ ✐ts ❣r♊✉♥❞✐♥❣ grnd ( P ) ✳ ⇒ ❍❡r❜r❛♥❞ ❜❛s❡ HB P ♊❢ P ✿ s❡t ♊❢ ❛❧❧ ❣r♊✉♥❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ❛t♩♠s ❛♥❞ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✐♥ P ✭r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ t♩ s❡t ♊❢ ❝♊♥st❛♥ts C ✮✳ • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s ❣r♊✉♥❞ ❛t♩♠ a ✱ ✐❢ a ∈ I • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s ❣r♊✉♥❞ & g [ y 1 , . . . , y n ]( x 1 , . . . , x m ) ✐✛ f & g ( I, y 1 . . . , y n , x 1 , . . . , x m ) = 1 , ✇❀❡r❡ f & g ✐s ❛♥ ( n + m +1) ✲❛r② ❇♊♊❧❡❛♥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✇❀❡t❀❡r ( x 1 , . . . , x m ) ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ♩✉t♣✉t ❢♊r ✐♥♣✉t I, y 1 . . . , y n ✳ • I ⊆ HB P ♠♊❞❡❧s P ✐✛ ✐t ♠♊❞❡❧s grnd ( P ) • I ⊆ HB P ✐s ❛♥ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♊❢ P ✐✛ I ✐s ❛ ♠✐♥✐♠❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧ ♊❢ fP I ✱ ✇❀❡r❡ fP I ✐s t❀❡ ❋▲P✲r❡❞✉❝t ♊❢ P ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  15. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s • ■♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ t❀❡♊r✐❡s✱ st♩r❡❞ ✐♥ ❘❉❋✿ triple ( X, Y, Z ) ← & rdf [ < uri1 > ]( X, Y, Z ); triple ( X, Y, Z ) ← & rdf [ < uri2 > ]( X, Y, Z ); proposition ( P ) ← triple ( P, rdfs ✿ type , rdf ✿ Statement ) . ⇒ ❆✈♩✐❞ ✐♥❝♊♥s✐st❡♥❝✐❡s ✇❀❡♥ ♠❡r❣✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣✐❡s O 1 ✱ O 2 ✳ • ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t✐♥❣ r❡✐✜❡❞ ❛ss❡rt✐♊♥s✿ ( X, Y, Z ) ← pick ( P ) , triple ( P, rdf ✿ subject , X ) , triple ( P, rdf ✿ predicate , Y ) , triple ( P, rdf ✿ object , Z ); C ( X ) ← ( X, rdf ✿ type , C ) . ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  16. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s • ■♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ t❀❡♊r✐❡s✱ st♩r❡❞ ✐♥ ❘❉❋✿ triple ( X, Y, Z ) ← & rdf [ < uri1 > ]( X, Y, Z ); triple ( X, Y, Z ) ← & rdf [ < uri2 > ]( X, Y, Z ); proposition ( P ) ← triple ( P, rdfs ✿ type , rdf ✿ Statement ) . ⇒ ❆✈♩✐❞ ✐♥❝♊♥s✐st❡♥❝✐❡s ✇❀❡♥ ♠❡r❣✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣✐❡s O 1 ✱ O 2 ✳ • ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥✐♣✉❧❛t✐♥❣ r❡✐✜❡❞ ❛ss❡rt✐♊♥s✿ ( X, Y, Z ) ← pick ( P ) , triple ( P, rdf ✿ subject , X ) , triple ( P, rdf ✿ predicate , Y ) , triple ( P, rdf ✿ object , Z ); C ( X ) ← ( X, rdf ✿ type , C ) . ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  17. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✎✷ • ❉❡✜♥✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✿ D ( X ) ← subClassOf ( D, C ) , C ( X ) . ← maxCardinality ( C, R, N ) , C ( X ) , & count [ R, X ]( M ) , M > N. • ❈❧♩s❡❞ ❲♊r❧❞ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ cwa ( faculty , project ) ← . C ′ ( X ) ← not & DL [ C ]( X ) , concept ( C ) , cwa ( C, C ′ ) , ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  18. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✎✷ • ❉❡✜♥✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✿ D ( X ) ← subClassOf ( D, C ) , C ( X ) . ← maxCardinality ( C, R, N ) , C ( X ) , & count [ R, X ]( M ) , M > N. • ❈❧♩s❡❞ ❲♊r❧❞ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ cwa ( faculty , project ) ← . C ′ ( X ) ← not & DL [ C ]( X ) , concept ( C ) , cwa ( C, C ′ ) , ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  19. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❛❢❡t② ■❢ ♥❡✇ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❡❞ ❜② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❀♊✇ ❝❛♥ ✇❡ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ ❞♊♠❛✐♥❄ ❇② ✐♠♣♊s✐♥❣ s❛❢❡t② r❡str✐❝t✐♊♥s✩ ✭s❡❡ ❛❧s♩ ❬✷✜❪✮ ✏❚r❛❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧✑ s❛❢❡t② ❊❛❝❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❛ r✉❧❡ ♠✉st ♩❝❝✉r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♊s✐t✐✈❡ ❜♊❞② ❧✐t❡r❛❧✳ ❊①♣❛♥s✐♊♥ s❛❢❡t② ❚❀❡ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st ♊❢ ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❜♊✉♥❞❡❞✿ triple ( S, P, O ) ← & rdf [ U ]( S, P, O ) , uri ( U ) . ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  20. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❛❢❡t② ■❢ ♥❡✇ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❡❞ ❜② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❀♊✇ ❝❛♥ ✇❡ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ ❞♊♠❛✐♥❄ ❇② ✐♠♣♊s✐♥❣ s❛❢❡t② r❡str✐❝t✐♊♥s✩ ✭s❡❡ ❛❧s♩ ❬✷✜❪✮ ✏❚r❛❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧✑ s❛❢❡t② ❊❛❝❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❛ r✉❧❡ ♠✉st ♩❝❝✉r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♊s✐t✐✈❡ ❜♊❞② ❧✐t❡r❛❧✳ ❊①♣❛♥s✐♊♥ s❛❢❡t② ❚❀❡ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st ♊❢ ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❜♊✉♥❞❡❞✿ triple ( S, P, O ) ← & rdf [ U ]( S, P, O ) , uri ( U ) . ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  21. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❛❢❡t② ■❢ ♥❡✇ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❡❞ ❜② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❀♊✇ ❝❛♥ ✇❡ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ ❞♊♠❛✐♥❄ ❇② ✐♠♣♊s✐♥❣ s❛❢❡t② r❡str✐❝t✐♊♥s✩ ✭s❡❡ ❛❧s♩ ❬✷✜❪✮ ✏❚r❛❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧✑ s❛❢❡t② ❊❛❝❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❛ r✉❧❡ ♠✉st ♩❝❝✉r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♊s✐t✐✈❡ ❜♊❞② ❧✐t❡r❛❧✳ ❊①♣❛♥s✐♊♥ s❛❢❡t② ❚❀❡ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st ♊❢ ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❜♊✉♥❞❡❞✿ triple ( S, P, O ) ← & rdf [ U ]( S, P, O ) , uri ( U ) . ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  22. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❛❢❡t② ■❢ ♥❡✇ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❡❞ ❜② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❀♊✇ ❝❛♥ ✇❡ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ ❞♊♠❛✐♥❄ ❇② ✐♠♣♊s✐♥❣ s❛❢❡t② r❡str✐❝t✐♊♥s✩ ✭s❡❡ ❛❧s♩ ❬✷✜❪✮ ✏❚r❛❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧✑ s❛❢❡t② ❊❛❝❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❛ r✉❧❡ ♠✉st ♩❝❝✉r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♊s✐t✐✈❡ ❜♊❞② ❧✐t❡r❛❧✳ ❊①♣❛♥s✐♊♥ s❛❢❡t② ❚❀❡ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st ♊❢ ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❜♊✉♥❞❡❞✿ triple ( S, P, O ) ← & rdf [ U ]( S, P, O ) , uri ( U ) . uri ( X ) ← triple ( ❎ , ′′ seeAlso ′′ , X ) . ❯♥s❛❢❡✊ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  23. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❙❛❢❡t② ■❢ ♥❡✇ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❡❞ ❜② ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s✱ ❀♊✇ ❝❛♥ ✇❡ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ ❞♊♠❛✐♥❄ ❇② ✐♠♣♊s✐♥❣ s❛❢❡t② r❡str✐❝t✐♊♥s✩ ✭s❡❡ ❛❧s♩ ❬✷✜❪✮ ✏❚r❛❞✐t✐♊♥❛❧✑ s❛❢❡t② ❊❛❝❀ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❛ r✉❧❡ ♠✉st ♩❝❝✉r ✐♥ ❛ ♣♊s✐t✐✈❡ ❜♊❞② ❧✐t❡r❛❧✳ ❊①♣❛♥s✐♊♥ s❛❢❡t② ❚❀❡ ✐♥♣✉t ❧✐st ♊❢ ❛♥ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠ ♠✉st ❜❡ ❜♊✉♥❞❡❞✿ triple ( S, P, O ) ← & rdf [ U ]( S, P, O ) , uri ( U ) , known ( U ) . uri ( X ) ← triple ( ❎ , ′′ seeAlso ′′ , X ) . ❙❛❢❡✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  24. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❞❧✈❀❡① ❲❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ❛ r❡❛s♊♥❡r ❢♊r ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❞❧✈❀❡① ❬✷✟❪✳ ⇒ ❈♊♠♠❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❡ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥✱ t❀❛t ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ❉▲❱ ❛♥❞ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❢♊r ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✳ ❉❡s✐❣♥ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❧❡✿ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  25. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❞❧✈❀❡① ❲❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ❛ r❡❛s♊♥❡r ❢♊r ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s✱ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❞❧✈❀❡① ❬✷✟❪✳ ⇒ ❈♊♠♠❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❡ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥✱ t❀❛t ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ❉▲❱ ❛♥❞ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s ❢♊r ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠s ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ♣r♊❣r❛♠✳ ❉❡s✐❣♥ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❧❡✿ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  26. P❧✉❣✐♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♊♣♠❡♥t t♩♩❧❩✐t ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡✊ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P❧✉❣✐♥ ▌❡❝❀❛♥✐s♠ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ✐s ❛ s❀❛r❡❞ ❧✐❜r❛r②✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ❧✐♥❊❡❞ ❛t r✉♥t✐♠❡ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ ♣r♊✈✐❞❡ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❆t♩♠s • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ r❡✇r✐t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  27. P❧✉❣✐♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♊♣♠❡♥t t♩♩❧❩✐t ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡✊ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P❧✉❣✐♥ ▌❡❝❀❛♥✐s♠ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ✐s ❛ s❀❛r❡❞ ❧✐❜r❛r②✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ❧✐♥❊❡❞ ❛t r✉♥t✐♠❡ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ ♣r♊✈✐❞❡ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❆t♩♠s • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ r❡✇r✐t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  28. P❧✉❣✐♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♊♣♠❡♥t t♩♩❧❩✐t ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡✊ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P❧✉❣✐♥ ▌❡❝❀❛♥✐s♠ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ✐s ❛ s❀❛r❡❞ ❧✐❜r❛r②✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ❧✐♥❊❡❞ ❛t r✉♥t✐♠❡ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ ♣r♊✈✐❞❡ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❆t♩♠s • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ r❡✇r✐t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  29. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P❧✉❣✐♥ ▌❡❝❀❛♥✐s♠ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ✐s ❛ s❀❛r❡❞ ❧✐❜r❛r②✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ❧✐♥❊❡❞ ❛t r✉♥t✐♠❡ • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ ♣r♊✈✐❞❡ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ❆t♩♠s • ❆ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❝❛♥ r❡✇r✐t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❞❡✈❡❧♊♣♠❡♥t t♩♩❧❩✐t ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡✊ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  30. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ P✉r♣♊s❡✿ ❙tr✐♥❣ ♊♣❡r❛t✐♊♥s ♊♥ ♥❛♠❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t♩♠s✿ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t ❈♊♥❝❛t❡♥❛t❡s t✇♩ str✐♥❣s✳ ✫❝♠♣ ❈♊♠♣❛r❡s t✇♩ str✐♥❣s ❧❡①✐❝♊❣r❛♣❀✐❝❛❧❧② ♩r t✇♩ ♥✉♠❜❡rs ❛r✐t❀♠❡t✐❝❛❧❧②✳ ✫strstr ❚❡sts t✇♩ str✐♥❣s ❢♊r s✉❜str✐♥❣ ✐♥❝❧✉s✐♊♥✳ ✫s♣❧✐t ❙♣❧✐ts ❛ str✐♥❣ ❛❧♊♥❣ ❛ s♣❡❝✐✜❡❞ ❞❡❧✐♠✐t❡r✳ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠ ❈♊♠♣✉t❡s ❙❍❆✶ ❝❀❡❝❊s✉♠ ❢r♩♠ ❛ str✐♥❣✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  31. ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ♩❝❝✉rs ✐♥ ❇✳ ✫strstr❬❆✱❇❪ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐s❯❘▲✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫strstr❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱❳❪✳ ✫❝♠♣❬❆✱❇❪ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ❁ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❜❡❢♊r❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♠♣❬❳✱❚❪✱ ❞❛t❡✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❚✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✷✵✧✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬❆✱❇❪✭❈✮ ❜✉✐❧❞s ❛ str✐♥❣ ❈ ❢r♩♠ ❆ ✰ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❢✉❧❧❯❘■✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱P❪✭❳✮✱ r❡s♩✉r❝❡♣❛t❀✭P✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  32. ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ♩❝❝✉rs ✐♥ ❇✳ ✫strstr❬❆✱❇❪ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐s❯❘▲✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫strstr❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱❳❪✳ ✫❝♠♣❬❆✱❇❪ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ❁ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❜❡❢♊r❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♠♣❬❳✱❚❪✱ ❞❛t❡✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❚✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✷✵✧✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬❆✱❇❪✭❈✮ ❜✉✐❧❞s ❛ str✐♥❣ ❈ ❢r♩♠ ❆ ✰ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❢✉❧❧❯❘■✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱P❪✭❳✮✱ r❡s♩✉r❝❡♣❛t❀✭P✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  33. ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ♩❝❝✉rs ✐♥ ❇✳ ✫strstr❬❆✱❇❪ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐s❯❘▲✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫strstr❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱❳❪✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬❆✱❇❪✭❈✮ ❜✉✐❧❞s ❛ str✐♥❣ ❈ ❢r♩♠ ❆ ✰ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❢✉❧❧❯❘■✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱P❪✭❳✮✱ r❡s♩✉r❝❡♣❛t❀✭P✮✳ ✫❝♠♣❬❆✱❇❪ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ❁ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❜❡❢♊r❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♠♣❬❳✱❚❪✱ ❞❛t❡✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❚✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✷✵✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  34. ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ♩❝❝✉rs ✐♥ ❇✳ ✫strstr❬❆✱❇❪ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐s❯❘▲✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫strstr❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱❳❪✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬❆✱❇❪✭❈✮ ❜✉✐❧❞s ❛ str✐♥❣ ❈ ❢r♩♠ ❆ ✰ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❢✉❧❧❯❘■✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱P❪✭❳✮✱ r❡s♩✉r❝❡♣❛t❀✭P✮✳ ✫❝♠♣❬❆✱❇❪ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ❁ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❜❡❢♊r❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♠♣❬❳✱❚❪✱ ❞❛t❡✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❚✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✷✵✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  35. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬❆✱❇❪✭❈✮ ❜✉✐❧❞s ❛ str✐♥❣ ❈ ❢r♩♠ ❆ ✰ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❢✉❧❧❯❘■✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱P❪✭❳✮✱ r❡s♩✉r❝❡♣❛t❀✭P✮✳ ✫❝♠♣❬❆✱❇❪ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ❁ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❜❡❢♊r❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♠♣❬❳✱❚❪✱ ❞❛t❡✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❚✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✷✵✧✮✳ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ♩❝❝✉rs ✐♥ ❇✳ ✫strstr❬❆✱❇❪ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐s❯❘▲✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫strstr❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱❳❪✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  36. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬❆✱❇❪✭❈✮ ❜✉✐❧❞s ❛ str✐♥❣ ❈ ❢r♩♠ ❆ ✰ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❢✉❧❧❯❘■✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱P❪✭❳✮✱ r❡s♩✉r❝❡♣❛t❀✭P✮✳ ✫❝♠♣❬❆✱❇❪ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ❁ ❇ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❜❡❢♊r❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♠♣❬❳✱❚❪✱ ❞❛t❡✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❚✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✷✵✧✮✳ ✐s tr✉❡ ✐❢ ❆ ♩❝❝✉rs ✐♥ ❇✳ ✫strstr❬❆✱❇❪ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐s❯❘▲✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫strstr❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✧✱❳❪✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  37. ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❆❪✭❇✮ r❡t✉r♥s ❇ ❛s ❙❍❆✶ ❝❀❡❝❊s✉♠ ♊❢ ❆ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♊✇♥❡r■❉✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❳❪✭❚✮✱ ♠❛✐❧❜♊①✭❳✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ s♣❧✐ts ❆ ❜② ❞❡❧✐♠✐t❡r ❇ ❛♥❞ r❡t✉r♥s ✐t❡♠ ❈✳ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❆✱❇✱❈❪✭❉✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♠♊♥t❀✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❉✱✧✲✧✱✶❪✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❉✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  38. ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❆❪✭❇✮ r❡t✉r♥s ❇ ❛s ❙❍❆✶ ❝❀❡❝❊s✉♠ ♊❢ ❆ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♊✇♥❡r■❉✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❳❪✭❚✮✱ ♠❛✐❧❜♊①✭❳✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ s♣❧✐ts ❆ ❜② ❞❡❧✐♠✐t❡r ❇ ❛♥❞ r❡t✉r♥s ✐t❡♠ ❈✳ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❆✱❇✱❈❪✭❉✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♠♊♥t❀✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❉✱✧✲✧✱✶❪✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❉✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  39. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ s♣❧✐ts ❆ ❜② ❞❡❧✐♠✐t❡r ❇ ❛♥❞ r❡t✉r♥s ✐t❡♠ ❈✳ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❆✱❇✱❈❪✭❉✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♠♊♥t❀✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❉✱✧✲✧✱✶❪✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❉✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❆❪✭❇✮ r❡t✉r♥s ❇ ❛s ❙❍❆✶ ❝❀❡❝❊s✉♠ ♊❢ ❆ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♊✇♥❡r■❉✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❳❪✭❚✮✱ ♠❛✐❧❜♊①✭❳✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  40. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ s♣❧✐ts ❆ ❜② ❞❡❧✐♠✐t❡r ❇ ❛♥❞ r❡t✉r♥s ✐t❡♠ ❈✳ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❆✱❇✱❈❪✭❉✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♠♊♥t❀✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s♣❧✐t❬❉✱✧✲✧✱✶❪✭❳✮✱ ❞❛t❡✭❉✮✳ ❞❛t❡✭✧✷✵✵✻✲✵✻✲✶✜✧✮✳ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❆❪✭❇✮ r❡t✉r♥s ❇ ❛s ❙❍❆✶ ❝❀❡❝❊s✉♠ ♊❢ ❆ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♊✇♥❡r■❉✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫s❀❛✶s✉♠❬❳❪✭❚✮✱ ♠❛✐❧❜♊①✭❳✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  41. r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ tr✐♣❧❡s ❁❙✱P✱❖❃ ❢r♩♠ ❯ ✳ ✫r❞❢❬❯❪✭❙✱P✱❖✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ tr✭❳✱❚✱❩✮ ✿✲ ✫r❞❢❬❯❪✭❳✱❚✱❩✮✱ ✉r✐✭❯✮✳ ✉r✐✭✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❡①❛♠♣❧❡✳♊r❣✎❢♊❛❢✳r❞❢✧✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ P✉r♣♊s❡✿ ❆❝❝❡ss ❘❉❋ ❊♥✇♊❧❡❞❣❡ ❜❛s❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t♊♠✿ ✫r❞❢ ❘❡tr✐❡✈❡ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡s ❢r♩♠ ❛ ❯❘■✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  42. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ P✉r♣♊s❡✿ ❆❝❝❡ss ❘❉❋ ❊♥✇♊❧❡❞❣❡ ❜❛s❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t♊♠✿ ✫r❞❢ ❘❡tr✐❡✈❡ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡s ❢r♩♠ ❛ ❯❘■✳ r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ tr✐♣❧❡s ❁❙✱P✱❖❃ ❢r♩♠ ❯ ✳ ✫r❞❢❬❯❪✭❙✱P✱❖✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ tr✭❳✱❚✱❩✮ ✿✲ ✫r❞❢❬❯❪✭❳✱❚✱❩✮✱ ✉r✐✭❯✮✳ ✉r✐✭✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❡①❛♠♣❧❡✳♊r❣✎❢♊❛❢✳r❞❢✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  43. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ P✉r♣♊s❡✿ ❆❝❝❡ss ❘❉❋ ❊♥✇♊❧❡❞❣❡ ❜❛s❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t♊♠✿ ✫r❞❢ ❘❡tr✐❡✈❡ ❘❉❋✲tr✐♣❧❡s ❢r♩♠ ❛ ❯❘■✳ r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ tr✐♣❧❡s ❁❙✱P✱❖❃ ❢r♩♠ ❯ ✳ ✫r❞❢❬❯❪✭❙✱P✱❖✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ tr✭❳✱❚✱❩✮ ✿✲ ✫r❞❢❬❯❪✭❳✱❚✱❩✮✱ ✉r✐✭❯✮✳ ✉r✐✭✧❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❡①❛♠♣❧❡✳♊r❣✎❢♊❛❢✳r❞❢✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  44. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ❞❡❧✐❝✐♊✉s❎❛✳❞❧❀ r❡tr✐❡✈❡s tr✐♣❧❡s ❢r♩♠ ❛ ❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s ❯❘■✳ ❉❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s ✐s ❛ s♩❝✐❛❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡✿ ❯s❡rs st♩r❡ t❀❡✐r ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ❛♥❞ t❛❣ t❀❡♠ ✇✐t❀ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s✳ ■t ❀❛s ❛♥ ❘❉❋✎❘❙❙✲✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡✿ ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❯❘▲ ❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎ r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ✇✐t❀ t❀✐s t❛❣✳ • ❚❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛❜❜r❡✈✐❛t❡s ❧♊♥❣ str✐♥❣s✱ s✐♠♣❧❡ s②♥t❛❝t✐❝ s✉❣❛r✳ • ❚❀❡ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❯❘▲ ❣✐✈❡♥ r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ t❛❣ ❡s✇❝ ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  45. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ❞❡❧✐❝✐♊✉s❎❛✳❞❧❀ r❡tr✐❡✈❡s tr✐♣❧❡s ❢r♩♠ ❛ ❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s ❯❘■✳ ❉❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s ✐s ❛ s♩❝✐❛❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊✐♥❣ s❡r✈✐❝❡✿ ❯s❡rs st♩r❡ t❀❡✐r ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ❛♥❞ t❛❣ t❀❡♠ ✇✐t❀ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s✳ ■t ❀❛s ❛♥ ❘❉❋✎❘❙❙✲✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡✿ ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❯❘▲ ❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎ r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ✇✐t❀ t❀✐s t❛❣✳ • ❚❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ ❞✐r❡❝t✐✈❡ ❛❜❜r❡✈✐❛t❡s ❧♊♥❣ str✐♥❣s✱ s✐♠♣❧❡ s②♥t❛❝t✐❝ s✉❣❛r✳ • ❚❀❡ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❯❘▲ ❣✐✈❡♥ r❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ t❛❣ ❡s✇❝ ✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  46. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❞❡❧✐❝✐♊✉s❎❜✳❞❧❀ ❧✐♥❊✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✧r❞❢✿t②♣❡✧✭❳✱✧rss✿✐t❡♠✧✮ ✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✶✮ ✶ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡ ❛ ♥❡✇ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♩ ❛♣♣❡♥❞ ✐ts ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ t♩ t❀❡ str✐♥❣ ✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎✧ ✐♥ ♩r❞❡r t♩ ❜✉✐❧❞ t❀❡ ❯❘■ ✐♥ ❛ ♠♩r❡ ✢❡①✐❜❧❡ ✇❛②✳ ✷ ❚♩ ❣❡t t❀❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ❝♩rr❡s♣♊♥❞✐♥❣ t♩ ❛ ❊❡②✇♊r❞✱ ❡①tr❛❝t ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ tr✐♣❧❡s ❛❧❧ r❡s♩✉r❝❡s t❀❛t ❀❛✈❡ ✧r❞❢✿t②♣❡✧ ❛s ♣r♊♣❡rt② ❛♥❞ ✧rss✿✐t❡♠✧ ❛s ✈❛❧✉❡✳ ❄ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  47. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❞❡❧✐❝✐♊✉s❎❜✳❞❧❀ ❧✐♥❊✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✧r❞❢✿t②♣❡✧✭❳✱✧rss✿✐t❡♠✧✮ ✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✶✮ ✶ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡ ❛ ♥❡✇ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♩ ❛♣♣❡♥❞ ✐ts ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ t♩ t❀❡ str✐♥❣ ✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎✧ ✐♥ ♩r❞❡r t♩ ❜✉✐❧❞ t❀❡ ❯❘■ ✐♥ ❛ ♠♩r❡ ✢❡①✐❜❧❡ ✇❛②✳ ✷ ❚♩ ❣❡t t❀❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ❝♩rr❡s♣♊♥❞✐♥❣ t♩ ❛ ❊❡②✇♊r❞✱ ❡①tr❛❝t ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ tr✐♣❧❡s ❛❧❧ r❡s♩✉r❝❡s t❀❛t ❀❛✈❡ ✧r❞❢✿t②♣❡✧ ❛s ♣r♊♣❡rt② ❛♥❞ ✧rss✿✐t❡♠✧ ❛s ✈❛❧✉❡✳ t❛❣✭✧❡s✇❝✧✮✳ ✉r❧✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎✧✱❲❪✭❳✮✱ t❛❣✭❲✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  48. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✶✮ ✶ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡ ❛ ♥❡✇ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♩ ❛♣♣❡♥❞ ✐ts ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ t♩ t❀❡ str✐♥❣ ✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎✧ ✐♥ ♩r❞❡r t♩ ❜✉✐❧❞ t❀❡ ❯❘■ ✐♥ ❛ ♠♩r❡ ✢❡①✐❜❧❡ ✇❛②✳ ✷ ❚♩ ❣❡t t❀❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧ ❜♩♩❩♠❛r❊s ❝♩rr❡s♣♊♥❞✐♥❣ t♩ ❛ ❊❡②✇♊r❞✱ ❡①tr❛❝t ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ tr✐♣❧❡s ❛❧❧ r❡s♩✉r❝❡s t❀❛t ❀❛✈❡ ✧r❞❢✿t②♣❡✧ ❛s ♣r♊♣❡rt② ❛♥❞ ✧rss✿✐t❡♠✧ ❛s ✈❛❧✉❡✳ t❛❣✭✧❡s✇❝✧✮✳ ✉r❧✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❝♊♥❝❛t❬✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❞❡❧✳✐❝✐♊✳✉s✮rss✮t❛❣✎✧✱❲❪✭❳✮✱ t❛❣✭❲✮✳ ❧✐♥❊✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✧r❞❢✿t②♣❡✧✭❳✱✧rss✿✐t❡♠✧✮ ✳ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛s ❞❡❧✐❝✐♊✉s❎❜✳❞❧❀ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  49. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ P✉r♣♊s❡✿ ◗✉❡r② ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❜❛s❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t♩♠s✿ ✫❞❧❈ ◗✉❡r✐❡s ❛ ❉▲ ❝♊♥❝❡♣t✳ ✫❞❧❘ ◗✉❡r✐❡s ❛ ❉▲ r♊❧❡✳ ✫❞❧❉❘ ◗✉❡r✐❡s ❛ ❉▲ ❞❛t❛t②♣❡ r♊❧❡✳ ✫❞❧❈♊♥s✐st❡♥t ❚❡sts ❛ ❉▲ ❑❇ ❢♊r ❝♊♥s✐st❡♥❝②✳ ❚❀❡s❡ ❛t♩♠s ❞❡s❝❡♥t ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❝♩rr❡s♣♊♥❞✐♥❣ ❞❧ ✲❛t♩♠s ♊❢ ♩✉r ❞❧ ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♩ ❛❧❧♩✇ ❢♊r ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲✲❑❇✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  50. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ P✉r♣♊s❡✿ ◗✉❡r② ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❜❛s❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t♩♠s✿ ✫❞❧❈ ◗✉❡r✐❡s ❛ ❉▲ ❝♊♥❝❡♣t✳ ✫❞❧❘ ◗✉❡r✐❡s ❛ ❉▲ r♊❧❡✳ ✫❞❧❉❘ ◗✉❡r✐❡s ❛ ❉▲ ❞❛t❛t②♣❡ r♊❧❡✳ ✫❞❧❈♊♥s✐st❡♥t ❚❡sts ❛ ❉▲ ❑❇ ❢♊r ❝♊♥s✐st❡♥❝②✳ ❚❀❡s❡ ❛t♩♠s ❞❡s❝❡♥t ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❝♩rr❡s♣♊♥❞✐♥❣ ❞❧ ✲❛t♩♠s ♊❢ ♩✉r ❞❧ ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s ❛♥❞ ❛❧s♩ ❛❧❧♩✇ ❢♊r ❡①t❡♥❞✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲✲❑❇✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  51. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❈✮ ❛✱❜✱❝✱❞ ✿ Pr❡❞✐❝❛t❡s ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲ ✉♣❞❛t❡✱ ✐♥ t❀✐s ♩r❞❡r✿ ✶ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ ✳ ✷ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ ¬ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❜ ✳ ✾ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝ ✳ ✹ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ¬ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ st✉❞❡♥t✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱①✱①✱❛❞❞✱①✱✧P❀❞❙t✉❞❡♥t✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❛❞❞✭✧s✉♣❡r✈✐s♩r❖❢✧✱✧❘♊♠❛♥✧✱✧❚❀♊♠❛s✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  52. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❈✮ ❛✱❜✱❝✱❞ ✿ Pr❡❞✐❝❛t❡s ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲ ✉♣❞❛t❡✱ ✐♥ t❀✐s ♩r❞❡r✿ ✶ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ ✳ ✷ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ ¬ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❜ ✳ ✾ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝ ✳ ✹ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ¬ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ st✉❞❡♥t✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱①✱①✱❛❞❞✱①✱✧P❀❞❙t✉❞❡♥t✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❛❞❞✭✧s✉♣❡r✈✐s♩r❖❢✧✱✧❘♊♠❛♥✧✱✧❚❀♊♠❛s✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  53. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❈✮ ❛✱❜✱❝✱❞ ✿ Pr❡❞✐❝❛t❡s ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲ ✉♣❞❛t❡✱ ✐♥ t❀✐s ♩r❞❡r✿ ✶ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ ✳ ✷ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ ¬ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❜ ✳ ✾ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝ ✳ ✹ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ¬ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ st✉❞❡♥t✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱①✱①✱❛❞❞✱①✱✧P❀❞❙t✉❞❡♥t✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❛❞❞✭✧s✉♣❡r✈✐s♩r❖❢✧✱✧❘♊♠❛♥✧✱✧❚❀♊♠❛s✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  54. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❈✮ ❛✱❜✱❝✱❞ ✿ Pr❡❞✐❝❛t❡s ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲ ✉♣❞❛t❡✱ ✐♥ t❀✐s ♩r❞❡r✿ ✶ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ ✳ ✷ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ ¬ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❜ ✳ ✾ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝ ✳ ✹ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ¬ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ st✉❞❡♥t✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱①✱①✱❛❞❞✱①✱✧P❀❞❙t✉❞❡♥t✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❛❞❞✭✧s✉♣❡r✈✐s♩r❖❢✧✱✧❘♊♠❛♥✧✱✧❚❀♊♠❛s✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  55. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❈✮ ❛✱❜✱❝✱❞ ✿ Pr❡❞✐❝❛t❡s ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲ ✉♣❞❛t❡✱ ✐♥ t❀✐s ♩r❞❡r✿ ✶ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ ✳ ✷ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ ¬ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❜ ✳ ✾ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝ ✳ ✹ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ¬ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ st✉❞❡♥t✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱①✱①✱❛❞❞✱①✱✧P❀❞❙t✉❞❡♥t✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❛❞❞✭✧s✉♣❡r✈✐s♩r❖❢✧✱✧❘♊♠❛♥✧✱✧❚❀♊♠❛s✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  56. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♠❡♠❜❡rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❈✮ ❛✱❜✱❝✱❞ ✿ Pr❡❞✐❝❛t❡s ❢r♩♠ t❀❡ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠✱ s♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣ t❀❡ ❉▲ ✉♣❞❛t❡✱ ✐♥ t❀✐s ♩r❞❡r✿ ✶ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ ✳ ✷ ❆❞❞ ♣ t♩ ¬ P ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁P✱♣❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❜ ✳ ✾ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝ ✳ ✹ ❆❞❞ ❁♣✱q❃ t♩ ¬ ❘ ❢♊r ❡❛❝❀ t✉♣❧❡ ❁❘✱♣✱q❃ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞ ✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ st✉❞❡♥t✭❳✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱①✱①✱❛❞❞✱①✱✧P❀❞❙t✉❞❡♥t✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❛❞❞✭✧s✉♣❡r✈✐s♩r❖❢✧✱✧❘♊♠❛♥✧✱✧❚❀♊♠❛s✧✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  57. ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛ ❉❛t❛t②♣❡Pr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♥❛♠❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱✧♥❛♠❡✧❪✭❳✱❚✮✱ ♠❡♠❜❡r✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛♥ ❖❜❥❡❝tPr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✉♥❝❧❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧❜r♩t❀❡r❖❢✧❪✭❳✱❩✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧♣❛r❡♥t❖❢✧❪✭❩✱❚✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  58. ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛ ❉❛t❛t②♣❡Pr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♥❛♠❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱✧♥❛♠❡✧❪✭❳✱❚✮✱ ♠❡♠❜❡r✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛♥ ❖❜❥❡❝tPr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✉♥❝❧❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧❜r♩t❀❡r❖❢✧❪✭❳✱❩✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧♣❛r❡♥t❖❢✧❪✭❩✱❚✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  59. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛♥ ❖❜❥❡❝tPr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✉♥❝❧❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧❜r♩t❀❡r❖❢✧❪✭❳✱❩✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧♣❛r❡♥t❖❢✧❪✭❩✱❚✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛ ❉❛t❛t②♣❡Pr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♥❛♠❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱✧♥❛♠❡✧❪✭❳✱❚✮✱ ♠❡♠❜❡r✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  60. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❉▲ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆t♩♠s ✎✷ ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛♥ ❖❜❥❡❝tPr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✉♥❝❧❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧❜r♩t❀❡r❖❢✧❪✭❳✱❩✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱①✱①✱①✱①✱✧♣❛r❡♥t❖❢✧❪✭❩✱❚✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❘❡t✉r♥s ❛❧❧ ♣❛✐rs ♊❢ ◗ ✐♥ ❑❇ ❯ ✳ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱◗❪✭❳✱❚✮ ◗ ❀❛s t♩ ❜❡ ❛ ❉❛t❛t②♣❡Pr♊♣❡rt②✊ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♥❛♠❡✭❳✱❚✮ ✿✲ ✫❞❧❉❘❬❯✱❛✱❜✱❝✱❞✱✧♥❛♠❡✧❪✭❳✱❚✮✱ ♠❡♠❜❡r✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  61. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❜✳❞❧❀t ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❲✐♥❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❡ ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ❢r♩♠ ✭❘❉❋✮ ❢♊❛❢✲❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥s✩ ❘❉❋✲❣r❛♣❀✿ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢✿♥❛♠❡✧❃ ◆❛♠❡ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢♣❧✉s✿✇✐♥❡Pr❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡✧❃ ❲✐♥❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✷✮ ▌♊❞✐❢② ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❛✳❞❧❀t ❜② ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞❲✐♥❡ t❀❛t ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡s ♥❛♠❡s t♩ ✇✐♥❡s✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  62. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❜✳❞❧❀t ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❲✐♥❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❡ ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ❢r♩♠ ✭❘❉❋✮ ❢♊❛❢✲❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥s✩ ❘❉❋✲❣r❛♣❀✿ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢✿♥❛♠❡✧❃ ◆❛♠❡ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢♣❧✉s✿✇✐♥❡Pr❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡✧❃ ❲✐♥❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✷✮ ▌♊❞✐❢② ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❛✳❞❧❀t ❜② ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞❲✐♥❡ t❀❛t ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡s ♥❛♠❡s t♩ ✇✐♥❡s✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  63. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❜✳❞❧❀t ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❲✐♥❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❡ ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ❢r♩♠ ✭❘❉❋✮ ❢♊❛❢✲❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥s✩ ❘❉❋✲❣r❛♣❀✿ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢✿♥❛♠❡✧❃ ◆❛♠❡ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢♣❧✉s✿✇✐♥❡Pr❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡✧❃ ❲✐♥❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✷✮ ▌♊❞✐❢② ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❛✳❞❧❀t ❜② ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞❲✐♥❡ t❀❛t ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡s ♥❛♠❡s t♩ ✇✐♥❡s✳ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞❲✐♥❡✭◆✱❲✮ ✿✲ ❄ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  64. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ ❲✐♥❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ✐♠♣♊rt✐♥❣ ✇✐♥❡ ♣r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ❢r♩♠ ✭❘❉❋✮ ❢♊❛❢✲❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥s✩ ❘❉❋✲❣r❛♣❀✿ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢✿♥❛♠❡✧❃ ◆❛♠❡ ❳ ❁✧❢♊❛❢♣❧✉s✿✇✐♥❡Pr❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡✧❃ ❲✐♥❡ ❚❛s❊ ✭✷✮ ▌♊❞✐❢② ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❛✳❞❧❀t ❜② ❝r❡❛t✐♥❣ ❛ ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞❲✐♥❡ t❀❛t ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡s ♥❛♠❡s t♩ ✇✐♥❡s✳ ♣r❡❢❡rr❡❞❲✐♥❡✭◆✱❲✮ ✿✲ ✧❢♊❛❢✿♥❛♠❡✧✭❳✱◆✮✱ ✧❢♊❛❢♣❧✉s✿✇✐♥❡Pr❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡✧✭❳✱❲✮✳ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ✇✐♥❡❈♊✈❡r✶✵❜✳❞❧❀t ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  65. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ P♊❧✐❝② ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥ ❘❡❝❡♥t ♣r♊❥❡❝t ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❧✈❀❡①✿ P♊❧✐❝② ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥ P✳ ❆✳ ❇♊♥❛tt✐✱ ❉✳ ❖❧♠❡❞✐❧❧❛✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳ P❡❡r✳✿ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ P♊❧✐❝② ◗✉❡r✐❡s✳ ❋♩r✿ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❈♩♠♠✐ss✐♊♥✱ ■❙❚ ✷✵✵✹✲✺✵✻✌✌✟ ✭❘❊❲❊❘❙❊✮✱ ■✷✲❉✹✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡✿ • ●r❛♥t ❛❝❝❡ss t♩ r❡s♩✉r❝❡s ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ ❞✐s❝❧♩s❡❞ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❱❛r✐♩✉s ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s ♠✐❣❀t ❧❡❛❞ t♩ t❀❡ s❛♠❡ ❣♊❛❧✳ • ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s ❀❛✈❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❞✐s❝❧♩s✉r❡ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t✐❡s✳ • ❖♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♊♥ Pr♊❜❧❡♠✿ ❋✐♥❞ ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s t❀❛t ❣r❛♥t ❛❝❝❡ss✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  66. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ P♊❧✐❝② ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥ ❘❡❝❡♥t ♣r♊❥❡❝t ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❧✈❀❡①✿ P♊❧✐❝② ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥ P✳ ❆✳ ❇♊♥❛tt✐✱ ❉✳ ❖❧♠❡❞✐❧❧❛✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳ P❡❡r✳✿ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ P♊❧✐❝② ◗✉❡r✐❡s✳ ❋♩r✿ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❈♩♠♠✐ss✐♊♥✱ ■❙❚ ✷✵✵✹✲✺✵✻✌✌✟ ✭❘❊❲❊❘❙❊✮✱ ■✷✲❉✹✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡✿ • ●r❛♥t ❛❝❝❡ss t♩ r❡s♩✉r❝❡s ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ ❞✐s❝❧♩s❡❞ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❱❛r✐♩✉s ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s ♠✐❣❀t ❧❡❛❞ t♩ t❀❡ s❛♠❡ ❣♊❛❧✳ • ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s ❀❛✈❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❞✐s❝❧♩s✉r❡ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t✐❡s✳ • ❖♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♊♥ Pr♊❜❧❡♠✿ ❋✐♥❞ ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s t❀❛t ❣r❛♥t ❛❝❝❡ss✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  67. r❡t✉r♥s ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ♣r❡❞✳ s❡♥s ✳ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮ s❡♥s ✐s ❜✐♥❛r②✱ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❛ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡ t♩ ❛ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ s❡♥s✭❝❛✱✷✮✳ s❡♥s✭❝❜✱✞✮✳ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❀❡ ✫♣♊❧✐❝② ✲❛t♩♠ ❡❛s✐❧② ❛❞❛♣t❛❜❧❡✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ❈❀❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ❛ s❡t ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❙✐♠♣❧❡✿ s✉♠✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡✱ ♠❛①✐♠✉♠ ⇒ ❯s❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s • ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t❡❞✿ ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✱ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ⇒ ❯s❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  68. r❡t✉r♥s ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ♣r❡❞✳ s❡♥s ✳ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮ s❡♥s ✐s ❜✐♥❛r②✱ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❛ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡ t♩ ❛ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ s❡♥s✭❝❛✱✷✮✳ s❡♥s✭❝❜✱✞✮✳ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❀❡ ✫♣♊❧✐❝② ✲❛t♩♠ ❡❛s✐❧② ❛❞❛♣t❛❜❧❡✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ❈❀❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ❛ s❡t ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❙✐♠♣❧❡✿ s✉♠✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡✱ ♠❛①✐♠✉♠ ⇒ ❯s❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s • ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t❡❞✿ ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✱ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ⇒ ❯s❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  69. r❡t✉r♥s ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ♣r❡❞✳ s❡♥s ✳ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮ s❡♥s ✐s ❜✐♥❛r②✱ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❛ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡ t♩ ❛ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ s❡♥s✭❝❛✱✷✮✳ s❡♥s✭❝❜✱✞✮✳ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❀❡ ✫♣♊❧✐❝② ✲❛t♩♠ ❡❛s✐❧② ❛❞❛♣t❛❜❧❡✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ❈❀❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ❛ s❡t ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❙✐♠♣❧❡✿ s✉♠✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡✱ ♠❛①✐♠✉♠ ⇒ ❯s❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s • ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t❡❞✿ ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✱ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ⇒ ❯s❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  70. ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ s❡♥s✭❝❛✱✷✮✳ s❡♥s✭❝❜✱✞✮✳ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❀❡ ✫♣♊❧✐❝② ✲❛t♩♠ ❡❛s✐❧② ❛❞❛♣t❛❜❧❡✳ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ❈❀❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ❛ s❡t ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❙✐♠♣❧❡✿ s✉♠✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡✱ ♠❛①✐♠✉♠ ⇒ ❯s❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s • ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t❡❞✿ ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✱ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ⇒ ❯s❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠✩ r❡t✉r♥s ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ♣r❡❞✳ s❡♥s ✳ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮ s❡♥s ✐s ❜✐♥❛r②✱ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❛ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡ t♩ ❛ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  71. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❈r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ❈❀❛❧❧❡♥❣❡✿ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ❛ s❡t ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✳ • ❙✐♠♣❧❡✿ s✉♠✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡✱ ♠❛①✐♠✉♠ ⇒ ❯s❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s • ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t❡❞✿ ❜❛s❡❞ ♊♥ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s✱ ♠✉t✉❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ⇒ ❯s❡ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❛t♩♠✩ r❡t✉r♥s ♊✈❡r❛❧❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ♊❢ ♣r❡❞✳ s❡♥s ✳ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮ s❡♥s ✐s ❜✐♥❛r②✱ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐♥❣ ❛ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t② ✈❛❧✉❡ t♩ ❛ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧✳ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ s❡♥s✭❝❛✱✷✮✳ s❡♥s✭❝❜✱✞✮✳ ♊✈❡r❛❧❧✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❀❡ ✫♣♊❧✐❝② ✲❛t♩♠ ❡❛s✐❧② ❛❞❛♣t❛❜❧❡✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  72. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ P♊❧✐❝② ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥✿ ❙✉♠ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ✈❡rs✐♊♥✿ ❙✉♠ ♊❢ ❛❧❧ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t✐❡s✖❧♊♊❊✐♥❣ ✐♥s✐❞❡ t❀❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥✿ ❞♊✉❜❧❡ P♊❧✐❝②❙❡♥s❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥✿✿❡✈❛❧✭❝♊♥st st❞✿✿✈❡❝t♩r❁❞♊✉❜❧❡❃✫ ✈❛❧✉❡s✮ ④ ❞♊✉❜❧❡ r❡t✭✵✮❀ ❢♊r ✭✈❡❝t♩r❁❞♊✉❜❧❡❃✿✿❝♊♥st❮✐t❡r❛t♩r ❞✐ ❂ ✈❛❧✉❡s✳❜❡❣✐♥✭✮❀ ❞✐ ✩❂ ✈❛❧✉❡s✳❡♥❞✭✮❀ ✰✰❞✐✮ ④ r❡t ✰❂ ✯❞✐❀ ⑥ r❡t✉r♥ r❡t❀ ⑥ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  73. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  74. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  75. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  76. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  77. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ ∌ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  78. ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ ∌ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  79. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❊①❡r❝✐s❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠ ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❛✳❞❧❀ ❝r❡❛t❡s ❛ s❡❛r❝❀s♣❛❝❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❧ ❝♊♠❜✐♥❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧s → ♣r❡❞✐❝❛t❡ ❝r❡❞❡♥t✐❛❧ ❚❛s❊ ✭✞✮ ✶ r❡♠♊✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧s ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❣r❛♥t❡❞ ❛❝❝❡ss ✭str♊♥❣ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✮✿ ❋♩r ❡❛❝❀ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮ ✱ ✇❡ ✇❛♥t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮ ✩ ✷ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✿ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✳✳✳ ✾ s❡❧❡❝t ❧❡❛st s❡♥s✐t✐✈❡ ♠♊❞❡❧ ✇✐t❀ ❛ ✇❡❛❊ ❝♊♥str❛✐♥t✳ ✶ ✿✲ ♥♊t ❛❧❧♊✇✭❞♊✇♥❧♊❛❞✱❘✮✱ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡❋♊r✭❘✱❎✮✳ ✷ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮ ✿✲ ✫♣♊❧✐❝②❬s❡♥s❪✭❙✮✳ ✾ ✿ ∌ s❡♥s✐t✐✈✐t②✭❙✮✳ ❬❙✿✶❪ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥ ❛t ♣♊❧✐❝②❎❜✳❞❧❀ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  80. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆ ❧❛r❣❡r ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ▲❡t ✉s ♥♊✇ t❛❊❡ ❛ ❝❧♩s❡r ❧♩♩❩ ♊♥ t❀❡ r❡✈✐❡✇❡r s❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ❢r♩♠ ❯♥✐t ✺✿ • ❲❡ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♊❢ s✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ❛ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❝♩♠♠✐tt❡ • ❲❡ ❀❛✈❡ ❛♥ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② ❛❜♩✉t ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ r❡s❡❛r❝❀❡rs✿ • ❝❧❛ss❡s ❧✐❊❡ ♣❛♣❡r✱ ❊✇✱ s❡♥✐♊r r❡s❡❛r❝❀❡r✱ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ • ♣r♊♣❡rt✐❡s ❧✐❊❡ ❀❛s❆✉t❀♊r✱ ❊❡②✇♊r❞✱ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀❡❞■♥✱ ✜rst♥❛♠❡✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ • ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♩ ❛ss✐❣♥ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs ❝♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ t❀❡s❡ ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❜❛s❡s ✇✐t❀ ❀❡① ✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♊❢ ❞❧✲♣r♊❣r❛♠s ♥♊✇✊ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  81. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✶ ❚❛❊❡ t❀❡ ♩r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❛t r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✶✳❞❧♣ ❛s ❛ st❛rt✐♥❣ ♣♊✐♥t ❚❛s❊ ◆♊✇✱ r❡❢♊r♠✉❧❛t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❛s ❛ ❀❡① ♣r♊❣r❛♠✩ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✶✳❞❧❀ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s✿ ★♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡✭✧r❡✈✧✱✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❧♊❝❛❧❀♊st✮❛s♣t✉t✮s❛♥❞❜♊①✎r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✳r❞❢★✧✮ ✉r❧✭✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❧♊❝❛❧❀♊st✮❛s♣t✉t✮s❛♥❞❜♊①✎r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✳r❞❢✧✮✳ ✳✳✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ❲❡ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ ❞❧✲❛t♩♠s ❜② ❀❡① ✬ ❉▲ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❛t♩♠s✿ ❝✶✭✧r❡✈✿❝❧✉❜✶✵✵✧✱❳✮ ✿✲ ♣❝✭❳✮✳ ❝❛♥❞✭❳✱P✮ ✿✲ ✉r❧✭❯✮✱ ♣❛♣❡r✭P✮✱ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿s❡♥✐♊r✧❪✭❳✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  82. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✶ ❚❛❊❡ t❀❡ ♩r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❛t r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✶✳❞❧♣ ❛s ❛ st❛rt✐♥❣ ♣♊✐♥t ❚❛s❊ ◆♊✇✱ r❡❢♊r♠✉❧❛t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❛s ❛ ❀❡① ♣r♊❣r❛♠✩ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✶✳❞❧❀ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s✿ ★♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡✭✧r❡✈✧✱✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❧♊❝❛❧❀♊st✮❛s♣t✉t✮s❛♥❞❜♊①✎r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✳r❞❢★✧✮ ✉r❧✭✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❧♊❝❛❧❀♊st✮❛s♣t✉t✮s❛♥❞❜♊①✎r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✳r❞❢✧✮✳ ✳✳✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ❲❡ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ ❞❧✲❛t♩♠s ❜② ❀❡① ✬ ❉▲ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❛t♩♠s✿ ❝✶✭✧r❡✈✿❝❧✉❜✶✵✵✧✱❳✮ ✿✲ ♣❝✭❳✮✳ ❝❛♥❞✭❳✱P✮ ✿✲ ✉r❧✭❯✮✱ ♣❛♣❡r✭P✮✱ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿s❡♥✐♊r✧❪✭❳✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  83. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✶ ❚❛❊❡ t❀❡ ♩r✐❣✐♥❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❛t r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✶✳❞❧♣ ❛s ❛ st❛rt✐♥❣ ♣♊✐♥t ❚❛s❊ ◆♊✇✱ r❡❢♊r♠✉❧❛t❡ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❛s ❛ ❀❡① ♣r♊❣r❛♠✩ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✶✳❞❧❀ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s✿ ★♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡✭✧r❡✈✧✱✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❧♊❝❛❧❀♊st✮❛s♣t✉t✮s❛♥❞❜♊①✎r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✳r❞❢★✧✮ ✉r❧✭✧❀tt♣✿✎✎❧♊❝❛❧❀♊st✮❛s♣t✉t✮s❛♥❞❜♊①✎r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✳r❞❢✧✮✳ ✳✳✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ❲❡ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ ❞❧✲❛t♩♠s ❜② ❀❡① ✬ ❉▲ ♣❧✉❣✐♥ ❛t♩♠s✿ ❝✶✭✧r❡✈✿❝❧✉❜✶✵✵✧✱❳✮ ✿✲ ♣❝✭❳✮✳ ❝❛♥❞✭❳✱P✮ ✿✲ ✉r❧✭❯✮✱ ♣❛♣❡r✭P✮✱ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿s❡♥✐♊r✧❪✭❳✮✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  84. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✷ ◆♊✇✱ ❧❡t✬s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩s❡r ❧♩♩❩ ✇❀❛t ❀❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❉▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣②✿ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ❛♥♊t❀❡r P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r✿ ♣❝✏r❡✈✿❞❊♥✉✑✮✳ ❋✐❧❡✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✷✳❞❧❀✱ ✜❧t❡r t❀❡ r❡s✉❧t ❜② ❝❛♥❞ ✳ ❚❛s❊ ◗✉❡st✐♊♥✿ ❲❀② ❀❛s ✧r❡✈✿❞❊♥✉✧ ♥♊t ❜❡❡♥ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs ❛❧t❀♊✉❣❀ ✇❡ ❊♥♊✇ ❀❡ ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❈❧✉❜✶✵✵❄ ❈❀❡❝❊ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ♩✉t ✇❀②✊ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ club 100 ≡ person ≥ 100 isAuthorOf senior ≡ person ≥ 3 isAuthorOf ⊓ ∃ isAuthorOf.publication publication ≡ paper ⊓ ≥ 1 publishedIn ❚❀❡r❡ ✐s ♥♊ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❞❊♥✉ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  85. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✷ ◆♊✇✱ ❧❡t✬s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩s❡r ❧♩♩❩ ✇❀❛t ❀❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❉▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣②✿ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ❛♥♊t❀❡r P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r✿ ♣❝✏r❡✈✿❞❊♥✉✑✮✳ ❋✐❧❡✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✷✳❞❧❀✱ ✜❧t❡r t❀❡ r❡s✉❧t ❜② ❝❛♥❞ ✳ ❚❛s❊ ◗✉❡st✐♊♥✿ ❲❀② ❀❛s ✧r❡✈✿❞❊♥✉✧ ♥♊t ❜❡❡♥ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs ❛❧t❀♊✉❣❀ ✇❡ ❊♥♊✇ ❀❡ ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❈❧✉❜✶✵✵❄ ❈❀❡❝❊ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ♩✉t ✇❀②✊ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ club 100 ≡ person ≥ 100 isAuthorOf senior ≡ person ≥ 3 isAuthorOf ⊓ ∃ isAuthorOf.publication publication ≡ paper ⊓ ≥ 1 publishedIn ❚❀❡r❡ ✐s ♥♊ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❞❊♥✉ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  86. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✷ ◆♊✇✱ ❧❡t✬s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩s❡r ❧♩♩❩ ✇❀❛t ❀❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❉▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣②✿ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ❛♥♊t❀❡r P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r✿ ♣❝✏r❡✈✿❞❊♥✉✑✮✳ ❋✐❧❡✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✷✳❞❧❀✱ ✜❧t❡r t❀❡ r❡s✉❧t ❜② ❝❛♥❞ ✳ ❚❛s❊ ◗✉❡st✐♊♥✿ ❲❀② ❀❛s ✧r❡✈✿❞❊♥✉✧ ♥♊t ❜❡❡♥ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡❞ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs ❛❧t❀♊✉❣❀ ✇❡ ❊♥♊✇ ❀❡ ✐s ✐♥ t❀❡ ❈❧✉❜✶✵✵❄ ❈❀❡❝❊ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ♩✉t ✇❀②✊ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ club 100 ≡ person ≥ 100 isAuthorOf senior ≡ person ≥ 3 isAuthorOf ⊓ ∃ isAuthorOf.publication publication ≡ paper ⊓ ≥ 1 publishedIn ❚❀❡r❡ ✐s ♥♊ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❞❊♥✉ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇✩ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  87. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✾ ◆❡①t ✈❛r✐❛t✐♊♥✿ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ❛❜♩✉t t❀❡ ❛✉t❀♊rs ♊❢ s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ♣❛♣❡rs t♩ t❀❡ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇✳✿ r✶✭✧r❡✈✿❀❛s❆✉t❀♊r✧✱P✱❆✮ ✿✲ ❛✉t❀♊r✭P✱❆✮✳ ❋✐❧❡✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✞✳❞❧❀✱ ✜❧t❡r t❀❡ r❡s✉❧t ❜② ❝❛♥❞ ✳ ❚❛s❊ ❊✛❡❝t✿ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts ✭❀t♊♠✮ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ✭rs❝❀✮ ❛❧s♩ ❜❡❝♊♠❡ ❝❛♥❞✐t❛t❡s✩ ❆❣❛✐♥✿ ❈❀❡❝❊ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ♩✉t ✇❀②✊ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  88. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✾ ◆❡①t ✈❛r✐❛t✐♊♥✿ ❲❡ ❛❞❞ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ❛❜♩✉t t❀❡ ❛✉t❀♊rs ♊❢ s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ♣❛♣❡rs t♩ t❀❡ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇✳✿ r✶✭✧r❡✈✿❀❛s❆✉t❀♊r✧✱P✱❆✮ ✿✲ ❛✉t❀♊r✭P✱❆✮✳ ❋✐❧❡✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✞✳❞❧❀✱ ✜❧t❡r t❀❡ r❡s✉❧t ❜② ❝❛♥❞ ✳ ❚❛s❊ ❊✛❡❝t✿ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts ✭❀t♊♠✮ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ✭rs❝❀✮ ❛❧s♩ ❜❡❝♊♠❡ ❝❛♥❞✐t❛t❡s✩ ❆❣❛✐♥✿ ❈❀❡❝❊ t❀❡ ❖❲▲ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣② ❛♥❞ ✜♥❞ ♩✉t ✇❀②✊ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  89. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✹✎✶ ▲❛st ✈❛r✐❛t✐♊♥✿ ❈♊♠❜✐♥❡s r❡s✉❧ts ♊❢ s❡✈❡r❛❧ q✉❡r✐❡s✳ ❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥s ❛s ❜❡❢♊r❡ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥✿ ♣❛♣❡r✭s✉❜♠✶✮✳ ❩✇✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝❎❲❡❜✧✮✳ ❩✇✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❖❲▲✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❥❞❜r✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✶✱✧r❡✈✿❀t♊♠✧✮✳ ♣❛♣❡r✭s✉❜♠✷✮✳ ❩✇✭s✉❜♠✷✱✧r❡✈✿❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝❎❲❡❜✧✮✳ ❩✇✭s✉❜♠✷✱✧r❡✈✿❆♥s✇❡r❎❙❡t❎Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✷✱✧r❡✈✿t❡✐t✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✷✱✧r❡✈✿❣✐❛♥✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✷✱✧r❡✈✿rs❝❀✧✮✳ ❛✉t❀♊r✭s✉❜♠✷✱✧r❡✈✿❛♣♊❧✧✮✳ s❡❡ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✹❛✳❞❧❀ ❲❡ ♥♊✇ ✇❛♥t t♩ ❝❀♊♊s❡ t❀❡ r❡✈✐❡✇ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡s ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡s ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s ♩❝❝✉rr✐♥❣ ✐♥ t❀❡ s✉❜♠✐tt❡❞ ♣❛♣❡rs ✐♥st❡❛❞✳ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s

  90. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✹✎✷ ❈❀♊♊s❡ t❀❡ r❡✈✐❡✇ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡s ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡s ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s✿ ❚❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇ ❀❛s ♣r♊♣❡rt✐❡s ❞❡✜♥✐♥❣ • ❊❡②✇♊r❞s ♊❢ ♣❛♣❡rs ✧r❡✈✿❊❡②✇♊r❞✧ ❛♥❞ ♊✈❡r❧❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s ✧r❡✈✿♊✈❡r❧❛♣s❲✐t❀✧ ❚❛s❊ ▌♊❞✐❢② t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✹❛✳❞❧❀ ❛s ❢♊❧❧♊✇s✿ ✶ ❆ P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r ✇❀♊ ✐s ❛✉t❀♊r ♊❢ ❛ ♣❛♣❡r ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ s❛♠❡ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ✐s ❛ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡✳ ✷ ❆ P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r ✇❀♊ ✐s ❛✉t❀♊r ♊❢ ❛ ♣❛♣❡r ✇✐t❀ ❛♥ ♊✈❡r❧❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ❛s ✇❡❧❧✳ ❝❛♥❞✭❳✱P✮ ✿✲ ❄ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s ❬✶❪ ●✳ ❆❧s❛ç ❛♥❞ ❈✳ ❇❛r❛❧✳ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐✈❡ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ❚❡❝❀♥✐❝❛❧ ❘❡♣♊rt ❆❙❯ ✷✵✵✶✲✵✷✱ ❆r✐③♊♥❛ ❙t❛t❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✱ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✷❪ ❏✳ ❆♥❣❡❧❡✱ ❍✳ ❇♊❧❡②✱ ❏✳ ❞❡ ❇r✉✐❥♥✱ ❉✳ ❋❡♥s❡❧✱ P✳ ❍✐t③❧❡r✱ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✱ ❘✳ ❑r✉♠♠❡♥❛❝❀❡r✱ ❍✳ ▲❛✉s❡♥✱ ❆✳ P♊❧❧❡r❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❙t✉❞❡r✳ ❲❡❜ r✉❧❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✭❲❘▲✮✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❲✞❈ ▌❡♠❜❡r ❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✱ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✇✞✳♊r❣✎❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✎❲❘▲✎ ✳ ❬✞❪ ❈❀r✐st✐❛♥ ❆♥❣❡r✱ ❑❛t❀r✐♥ ❑♊♥❝③❛❊✱ ❛♥❞ ❚❀♊♠❛s ▲✐♥❊❡✳ ◆♊▌♊❘❡ ✿ ❆ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ◆♊♥✲▌♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ▲P◆▌❘✬✵✶ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✹✵✻✕✹✶✵✳ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❬✹❪ ❈❀❛♥❞r❛❜♩s❡ ❆r❛✈✐♥❞❛♥✱ ❏✳ ❉✐①✱ ❛♥❞ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✳ ❉✐s▲♊P✿ ❆ ❘❡s❡❛r❝❀ Pr♊❥❡❝t ♊♥ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ❆■ ❈♊♠♠✉♥✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✱ ✶✵✭✞✎✹✮✿✶✺✶✕✶✻✺✱ ✶✟✟✌✳ ❬✺❪ ❈✳ ❇❡❧❧✱ ❆✳ ◆❡r♊❞❡✱ ❘✳❚✳ ◆❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❱✳❙✳ ❙✉❜r❛❀♠❛♥✐❛♥✳ ▌✐①❡❞ ■♥t❡❣❡r Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▌❡t❀♊❞s ❢♊r ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ❏❆❈▌ ✱ ✹✶✿✶✶✌✜✕✶✷✶✺✱ ✶✟✟✹✳ ❬✻❪ ❚✳ ❇❡r♥❡rs✲▲❡❡✳ ❲❡❜ ❢♊r r❡❛❧ ♣❡♊♣❧❡✱ ❆♣r✐❧ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❑❡②♥♊t❡ ❙♣❡❡❝❀ ❛t t❀❡ ✶✹t❀ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❲❲❲✷✵✵✺✮✱ s❧✐❞❡s ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✇✞✳♊r❣✎✷✵✵✺✎❚❛❧❊s✎✵✺✶✶✲❊❡②♥♊t❡✲t❜❧✮ ✳ ❬✌❪ P✳ ❆✳ ❇♊♥❛tt✐✳ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ■♥✜♥✐t❡ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡✈❡♥t❡❡♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❏♊✐♥t ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭■❏❈❆■✮ ✷✵✵✶ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✵✞✕✻✶✵✱ ❙❡❛tt❧❡✱ ❲❆✱ ❯❙❆✱ ❆✉❣✳ ✷✵✵✶✳ ▌♊r❣❛♥ ❑❛✉❢♠❛♥♥ P✉❜❧✐s❀❡rs✳ ❬✜❪ ▌✳ ❇r❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❉✳ ❱♊s✳ ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✉♥❞❡r t❀❡ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✳ ■♥ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✟❪ ❋✳ ❇✉❝❝❛❢✉rr✐✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ P✳ ❘✉❧❧♊✳ ❊♥❀❛♥❝✐♥❣ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❧♊❣ ❜② ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts✳ ■❊❊❊ ❚❑❉❊ ✱ ✶✷✭✺✮✿✜✹✺✕✜✻✵✱ ✷✵✵✵✳ ❬✶✵❪ ❏✳ ❉✳ ❇r✉✐❥♥✱ ❆✳ P♊❧❧❡r❡s✱ ❘✳ ▲❛r❛✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❋❡♥s❡❧✳ ❖❲▲ ❉▲ ✈s✳ ❖❲▲ ❋❧✐❣❀t✿ ❈♊♥❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❢♊r t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✶✹t❀ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❲❲❲✷✵✵✺✮ ✱ ❈❀✐❜❛✱ ❏❛♣❛♥✱ ▌❛② ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✶✶❪ ❋✳ ❇✉❝❝❛❢✉rr✐✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ P✳ ❘✉❧❧♊✳ ❙tr♊♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❲❡❛❊ ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts ✐♥ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❧♊❣✳ ■♥ ❏✳ ❉✐①✱ ❯✳ ❋✉r❜❛❝❀✱ ❛♥❞ ❆✳ ◆❡r♊❞❡✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✹t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥✲▌♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭▲P◆▌❘✬✟✌✮ ✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✶✷✻✺ ✐♥ ▲◆❆■✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✕✶✌✱ ❉❛❣st✉❀❧✱ ●❡r♠❛♥②✱ ❏✉❧② ✶✟✟✌✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✳ ❬✶✷❪ P✳ ❇✉r❡❊ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ●r❛❜♩s✳ ❉✉❛❧❧② str✉❝t✉r❡❞ ❝♊♥❝❡♣ts ✐♥ t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜✿ ❆♥s✇❡r s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♊❛❝❀✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❊❙❲❈ ✷✵✵✺✱ ❍❡r❛❊❧✐♊♥✱ ❈r❡t❡✱ ●r❡❡❝❡✱ ▌❛② ✷✟ ✲ ❏✉♥❡ ✶✱ ✷✵✵✺✱ ▲◆❈❙ ✞✺✞✷ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✌✕✞✟✶✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✶✞❪ ❋✳ ❈❛❧✐♠❡r✐✱ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ●✳ ■❡❧♣❛✱ ❆✳ P✐❡tr❛♠❛❧❛✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❈✳ ❙❛♥t♩r♊✳ ❆ s②st❡♠ ✇✐t❀ t❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ ❏❊▲■❆ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✟✞✕✻✟✌✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✶✹❪ ❋✳ ❈❛❧✐♠❡r✐ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✳ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ s♩✉r❝❡s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❛t✐♊♥ ❢♊r ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t ❙♊❧✈❡rs✳ ■♥ ❈✳ ❇❛r❛❧✱ ●✳ ●r❡❝♊✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ❚❡rr❛❝✐♥❛✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✖ ✜t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ▲P◆▌❘✬✵✺✱ ❉✐❛♠❛♥t❡✱ ■t❛❧②✱ ❙❡♣t❡♠❜❡r ✷✵✵✺✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✞✻✻✷ ♊❢ ▲◆❈❙ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✵✺✕✶✶✜✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✶✺❪ ❲❡✐❞♊♥❣ ❈❀❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❉❛✈✐❞ ❙❝♩tt ❲❛rr❡♥✳ ❈♊♠♣✉t❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ■ts ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ✇✐t❀ ▲♊❣✐❝❛❧ ◗✉❡r② Pr♊❝❡ss✐♥❣✳ ■❊❊❊ ❚❑❉❊ ✱ ✜✭✺✮✿✌✹✷✕✌✺✌✱ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❬✶✻❪ P❛✇❡➟ ❈❀♊❧❡✇✐➠s❊✐✱ ❱✳ ❲✐❊t♩r ▌❛r❡❊✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❙②st❡♠ ❉❡❘❡❙✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♊❢ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭❑❘ ✬✟✻✮ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✺✶✜✕✺✷✜✱ ❈❛♠❜r✐❞❣❡✱ ▌❛ss❛❝❀✉s❡tts✱ ❯❙❆✱ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❬✶✌❪ P❛✇❡➟ ❈❀♊❧❡✇✐➠s❊✐✱ ❱✳❲✳ ▌❛r❡❊✱ ❆rt✉r ▌✐❊✐t✐✉❊✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ▲♊❣✐❝✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✶✷✭✷✕✞✮✿✶✵✺✕✶✹✌✱ ✶✟✟✟✳ ❬✶✜❪ ❈✳ ❈✉♠❜♊✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ●r❡❝♊✳ ❊♥❀❛♥❝✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♠❛❣✐❝✲s❡t ♠❡t❀♊❞ ❢♊r ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ t❀❡ ✷✵t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✕ ■❈▲P✬✵✹ ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✞✶✞✷ ♊❢ ▲◆❈❙ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✶✕✞✜✺✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✶✟❪ ❙✳ ❉❡❝❊❡r✱ ▌✳ ❙✐♥t❡❊✱ ❛♥❞ ❲✳ ◆❡❥❞❧✳ ❚❀❡ ♠♊❞❡❧✲t❀❡♊r❡t✐❝ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ ❚❘■P▲❊✱ ◆♊✈✳ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✷✵❪ ❋✳ ▌✳ ❉♊♥✐♥✐✱ ▌✳ ▲❡♥③❡r✐♥✐✱ ❉✳ ◆❛r❞✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❆✳ ❙❝❀❛❡r❢✳ ✲❧♊❣✿ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣ ❛♥❞ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ■♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ❙②st❡♠s ✭❏■■❙✮ ✱ ✶✵✭✞✮✿✷✷✌✕✷✺✷✱ ✶✟✟✜✳ ❬✷✶❪ ❉✳ ❊❛st ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ Pr♊♣♊s✐t✐♊♥❛❧ ❙❛t✐s✜❛❜✐❧✐t② ✐♥ ❆♥s✇❡r✲s❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ❏♊✐♥t ●❡r♠❛♥✎❆✉str✐❛♥ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡✱ ❑■✬✷✵✵✶ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✶✞✜✕✶✺✞✳ ▲◆❆■ ✷✶✌✹✱ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❬✷✷❪ ❉✳ ❊❛st ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ ❞❝s✿ ❆♥ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❉❆❚❆▲❖● ✇✐t❀ ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts✳ ■♥ ◆▌❘✬✷✵✵✵ ✱ ✷✵✵✵✳ ❬✷✞❪ ❯✳ ❊❣❧②✱ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❲♊❧tr❛♥✳ ❙♊❧✈✐♥❣ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❚❛s❊s ✉s✐♥❣ ◗✉❛♥t✐✜❡❞ ❇♊♊❧❡❛♥ ❋♩r♠✉❧❛s✳ ■♥ ❆❆❆■✬✵✵ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✹✶✌✕✹✷✷✳ ❆❆❆■ Pr❡ss ✮ ▌■❚ Pr❡ss✱ ✷✵✵✵✳ ❬✷✹❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❆✳ P♊❧❧❡r❡s✳ ❆ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❆♣♣r♊❛❝❀ t♩ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡✲❙t❛t❡ P❧❛♥♥✐♥❣✱ ■■✿ t❀❡ ❉▲❱ ❙②st❡♠✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✹✹✭✶✕✷✮✿✶✺✌✕✷✶✶✱ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✷✺❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ▌✳ ❋✐♥❊✱ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❲♊❧tr❛♥✳ ❙tr♊♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✉♥✐❢♊r♠ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ ❛♥s✇❡r✲s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✿ ❈❀❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ❝♊♠♣❧❡①✐t② r❡s✉❧ts ❢♊r t❀❡ ♥♊♥✲❣r♊✉♥❞ ❝❛s❡✳ ■♥ ❆❆❆■ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✟✺✕✌✵✵✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✷✻❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✳ ❆ ❯♥✐❢♊r♠ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❍✐❣❀❡r✲❖r❞❡r ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥s ✐♥ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❏♊✐♥t ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭■❏❈❆■✮ ✷✵✵✺ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✟✵✕✟✻✱ ❊❞✐♥❜✉r❣❀✱ ❯❑✱ ❆✉❣✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✷✌❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❚✳ ▲✉❊❛s✐❡✇✐❝③✱ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✳ ❈♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s ❢♊r t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✳ ■♥ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♊❢ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✿ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ◆✐♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❑❘✷✵✵✹✮✱ ❲❀✐st❧❡r✱ ❈❛♥❛❞❛ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✹✶✕✶✺✶✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❊①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❘❡♣♊rt ❘❘✲✶✜✹✞✲✵✞✲✶✞✱ ■♥st✐t✉t ❢Ìr ■♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ss②st❡♠❡✱ ❚❯ ❲✐❡♥✱ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✷✜❪ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❚✳❀ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ●✳❀ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❘✳❀ ❛♥❞ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✱ ❍✳ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❊✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❉❡❝❧❛r❛t✐✈❡ ❘✉❧❡s ✇✐t❀ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥s ❢♊r ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✷✵✵✻✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✷✟❪ ❚❀♊♠❛s ❊✐t❡r✱ ●✐♩✈❛♠❜❛tt✐st❛ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ❘♊♠❛♥ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❍❛♥s ❚♊♠♣✐ts✳ ❚♩✇❛r❞s ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❍❊❳ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✶✶t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭◆▌❘✲✷✵✵✻✮✱ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❚r❛❝❩ ✱ ❏✉♥❡ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✞✵❪ ❖✳ ❊❧✲❑❀❛t✐❜✱ ❊✳ P♊♥t❡❧❧✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❚✳ ❈✳ ❙♊♥✳ ❏✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣ ♊❢ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✐♥ ❛s♣✳ ■♥ ❆❆❉❊❇❯● ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✹✟✕✺✜✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✶❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✳ ❆ ❈♊♠♣❛r✐s♊♥ ♊❢ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❢♊r ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✺t❀ ❉✉t❝❀✲●❡r♠❛♥ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❚❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡s ❛♥❞ t❀❡✐r ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✭❉●◆▌❘ ✷✵✵✶✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✹✕✌✺✱ ❆♣r✳ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❬✞✷❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✳ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✐♥ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✿ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❛♥❞ ❝♊♠♣❧❡①✐t②✳ ■♥ ❏✳ ❏✳ ❆❧❢❡r❡s ❛♥❞ ❏✳ ▲❡✐t❡✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✟t❀ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭❏❊▲■❆ ✷✵✵✹✮ ✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✞✷✷✟ ✐♥ ▲◆❆■✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✵✵✕✷✶✷✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✞✞❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✳ ❘✐❝❝❛✳ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❢♊r ❍❛r❞ ❆❙P Pr♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ ◆✐♥❡t❡❡♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❏♊✐♥t ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭■❏❈❆■✲✵✺✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✻✷✕✶✺✻✞✱ ❆✉❣✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✹❪ P✳ ❋❡rr❛r✐s ❛♥❞ ❱✳ ▲✐❢s❝❀✐t③✳ ❲❡✐❣❀t ❝♊♥str❛✐♥ts ❛s ♥❡st❡❞ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s✳ ❚P▲P ✱ ✺✭✶✕✷✮✿✹✺✕✌✹✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✺❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r ❛♥❞ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✳ ❉▲❱ ❀♊♠❡♣❛❣❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❞❧✈s②st❡♠✳❝♊♠✎ ✳ ❬✞✻❪ ▌✳ ●❡❧❢♊♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❱✳ ▲✐❢s❝❀✐t③✳ ❈❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ ◆❡❣❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠s ❛♥❞ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ◆●❈ ✱ ✟✿✞✻✺✕✞✜✺✱ ✶✟✟✶✳ ❬✞✌❪ ❊✳ ●✐✉♥❝❀✐❣❧✐❛ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ▌❛r❛t❡❛✳ ❖♥ t❀❡ r❡❧❛t✐♊♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ❛♥❞ s❛t ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s ✭♩r✱ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❝♠♊❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ s♠♊❞❡❧s✮✳ ■♥ ■❈▲P ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✕✺✶✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✜❪ ❏✳ ●r❡ss♠❛♥♥✱ ❚✳ ❏❛♥❀✉♥❡♥✱ ❘✳ ❊✳ ▌❡r❝❡r✱ ❚✳ ❙❝❀❛✉❜✱ ❙✳ ❚❀✐❡❧❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❚✐❝❀②✳ P❧❛t②♣✉s✿ ❆ ♣❧❛t❢♊r♠ ❢♊r ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t s♊❧✈✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ▲P◆▌❘ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✷✌✕✷✞✟✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✟❪ ❇✳ ◆✳ ●r♩s♊❢✱ ■✳ ❍♩rr♩❝❩s✱ ❘✳ ❱♊❧③✱ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❉❡❝❊❡r✳ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✿ ❈♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✇❡❧❢t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❲❲❲✷✵✵✞✱ ❇✉❞❛♣❡st✱ ❍✉♥❣❛r② ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✹✜✕✺✌✱ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✹✵❪ ❙✳ ❍❡②♠❛♥s✳ ❉❡❝✐❞❛❜❧❡ ❖♣❡♥ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✳ P❀❉ t❀❡s✐s✱ ❚❀❡♊r❡t✐❝❛❧ ❈♊♠♣✉t❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ▲❛❜ ✭❚■◆❋✮✱ ❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♊❢ ❈♊♠♣✉t❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡✱ ❱r✐❥❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t❡✐t ❇r✉ss❡❧✱ ❋❡❜✳ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❬✹✶❪ ❙✳ ❍❡②♠❛♥s✱ ❉✳ ❱✳ ◆✐❡✉✇❡♥❜♊r❣❀✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❱❡r♠❡✐r✳ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❝♊♥❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ ❘✉❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❘✉❧❡ ▌❛r❊✉♣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❢♊r t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✿ ❚❀✐r❞ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ✭❘✉❧❡▌▲ ✷✵✵✹✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✶✞✕✶✷✌✱ ❍✐r♩s❀✐♠❛✱ ❏❛♣❛♥✱ ◆♊✈✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✹✷❪ ❙✳ ❍❡②♠❛♥s✱ ❉✳ ❱✳ ◆✐❡✉✇❡♥❜♊r❣❀✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❱❡r♠❡✐r✳ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ r✉❧❡✲❜❛s❡❞ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❝♊♥❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❊❙❲❈ ✷✵✵✺✳ ▲◆❈❙ ✞✺✞✷ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✟✷✕✹✵✌✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✹✞❪ ■✳ ❍♩rr♩❝❩s✱ ❇✳ P❛rs✐❛✱ P✳ P❛t❡❧✲❙❝❀♥❡✐❞❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳ ❍❡♥❞❧❡r✳ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜ ❛r❝❀✐t❡❝t✉r❡✿ ❙t❛❝❩ ♩r t✇♩ t♊✇❡rs❄ ■♥ ❋✳ ❋❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❙♊❧✐♠❛♥✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ❛♥❞ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ♊❢ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭PP❙❲❘ ✷✵✵✺✮ ✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✞✌✵✞ ✐♥ ▲◆❈❙✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✕✹✶✳ ❙❱✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✹✹❪ ■✳ ❍♩rr♩❝❩s✱ P✳ ❋✳ P❛t❡❧✲❙❝❀♥❡✐❞❡r✱ ❍✳ ❇♊❧❡②✱ ❙✳ ❚❛❜❡t✱ ❇✳ ●r♩s♊❢✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❉❡❛♥✳ ❙✇r❧✿ ❆ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜ r✉❧❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❝♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ♩✇❧ ❛♥❞ r✉❧❡♠❧✱ ▌❛② ✷✵✵✹✳ ❲✞❈ ▌❡♠❜❡r ❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✇✞✳♊r❣✎❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✎❙❲❘▲✎ ✳ ❬✹✺❪ ❯✳ ❍✉st❛❞t✱ ❇✳ ▌♊t✐❊✱ ❛♥❞ ❯✳ ❙❛tt❧❡r✳ ❘❡❞✉❝✐♥❣ s❀✐q✲❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝ t♩ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♊❢ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✿ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ◆✐♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❑❘✷✵✵✹✮✱ ❲❀✐st❧❡r✱ ❈❛♥❛❞❛ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✷✕✶✻✷✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✹✻❪ ■❈❖◆❙ ❀♊♠❡♣❛❣❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✐❝♊♥s✳r♊❞❛♥✳♣❧✎ ✳ ❬✹✌❪ ❚✳ ❏❛♥❀✉♥❡♥✱ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ ❉✳ ❙❡✐♣❡❧✱ P✳ ❙✐♠♊♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳✲❍✳ ❚♊✉✳ ❯♥❢♊❧❞✐♥❣ P❛rt✐❛❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ✐♥ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✳ ❆❈▌ ❚❖❈▲ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✹✜❪ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✱ ●✳ ▲❛✉s❡♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳ ❲✉✳ ▲♊❣✐❝❛❧ ❢♊✉♥❞❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ♊❜❥❡❝t✲♊r✐❡♥t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❢r❛♠❡✲❜❛s❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❆❈▌ ✱ ✹✷✭✹✮✿✌✹✶✕✜✹✞✱ ✶✟✟✺✳ ❬✹✟❪ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ●✳ ●♩tt❧♊❜✱ ❘✳ ❘♩s❛t✐✱ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ▌✐❝❀❛❡❧ ❋✐♥❊✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉✐❣✐ ●r❡❝♊✱ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ❊❞②t❛ ❑❛➟❊❛✱ ❉♊♠❡♥✐❝♊ ▲❡♠❜♊✱ ▌❛✉r✐③✐♊ ▲❡♥③❡r✐♥✐✱ ❱✐♥❝❡♥③✐♥♊ ▲✐♊✱ ❇❛rt♩s③ ◆♊✇✐❝❊✐✱ ▌❛r❝♩ ❘✉③③✐✱ ❲✐t♩❧❞ ❙t❛♥✐s③❊✐s✱ ❛♥❞ ●✐♩r❣✐♊ ❚❡rr❛❝✐♥❛✳ ❚❀❡ ■◆❋❖▌■❳ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ■♥❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡ ❛♥❞ ■♥❝♊♥s✐st❡♥t ❉❛t❛✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✷✹t❀ ❆❈▌ ❙■●▌❖❉ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ♊❢ ❉❛t❛ ✭❙■●▌❖❉ ✷✵✵✺✮ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✟✶✺✕✟✶✌✱ ❇❛❧t✐♠♩r❡✱ ▌❛r②❧❛♥❞✱ ❯❙❆✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❆❈▌ Pr❡ss✳ ❬✺✵❪ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ●✳ ●♩tt❧♊❜✱ ❙✳ P❡rr✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✳ ❙❝❛r❝❡❧❧♊✳ ❚❀❡ ❉▲❱ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✳ ❆❈▌ ❚❖❈▲ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✺✶❪ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❙✳ P❡rr✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✳ ❙❝❛r❝❡❧❧♊✳ ❇❛❝❊❥✉♠♣✐♥❣ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡s ❢♊r r✉❧❡s ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❞❧✈ s②st❡♠✳ ■♥ ◆▌❘ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✺✜✕✷✻✻✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✷❪ ❆✳ ❚✳ ▲❡✈② ❛♥❞ ▌✳✲❈✳ ❘♩✉ss❡t✳ ❈♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❀♊r♥ r✉❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ✐♥ ❈❆❘■◆✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✵✹✿✶✻✺ ✕ ✷✵✟✱ ✶✟✟✜✳ ❬✺✞❪ ❚✉❧✐②❛ ▲✐❡r❧❡r✳ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❛ ❙❛t✐s✜❛❜✐❧✐t②✳ ■♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✖ ✜t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ▲P◆▌❘✬✵✺✱ ❉✐❛♠❛♥t❡✱ ■t❛❧②✱ ✷✵✵✺✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✱ ▲◆❈❙ ✞✻✻✷ ❬✺✹❪ ❋✳ ▲✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❚✳ ❩❀❛♊✳ ❆❙❙❆❚✿ ❝♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡ts ♊❢ ❛ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❜② ❙❆❚ s♊❧✈❡rs✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✺✌✭✶✲✷✮✿✶✶✺✕✶✞✌✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✺❪ ❱✳ ▌❛r❡❊✱ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➧❊✐✳ ▲♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ♠♊♥♊t♊♥❡ ❝❛r❞✐♥❛❧✐t② ❛t♩♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ▲P◆▌❘✲✷✵✵✹ ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✷✟✷✞ ♊❢ ▲◆❈❙ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✹✕✶✻✻✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✻❪ ❱✳❲✳ ▌❛r❡❊ ❛♥❞ ❏✳❇✳ ❘❡♠♠❡❧✳ ❖♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❈❛r❞✐♥❛❧✐t② ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts✳ ■♥ ◆▌❘✬✷✵✵✷ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✷✶✟✕✷✷✜✱ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✺✌❪ ◆✳ ▌❝❈❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❍✳ ❚✉r♥❡r✳ ❙❛t✐s✜❛❜✐❧✐t② P❧❛♥♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❈❛✉s❛❧ ❚❀❡♊r✐❡s✳ ■♥ ❑❘✬✟✜ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✷✶✷✕✷✷✞✳ ✶✟✟✜✳ ❬✺✜❪ ❏✳ ▌❡✐✱ ❙✳ ▲✐✉✱ ❆✳ ❚✉❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❩✳ ▲✐♥✳ ❆♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ t♩ ❖❲▲ ✇✐t❀ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ r✉❧❡s✳ ■♥ ❘✉❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❘✉❧❡ ▌❛r❊✉♣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❢♊r t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✿ ❚❀✐r❞ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ✭❘✉❧❡▌▲ ✷✵✵✹✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✺✕✶✻✟✱ ❍✐r♩s❀✐♠❛✱ ❏❛♣❛♥✱ ◆♊✈✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✟❪ ❇✳ ▌♊t✐❊✱ ❯✳ ❙❛tt❧❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❙t✉❞❡r✳ ◗✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♊r ♊✇❧✲❞❧ ✇✐t❀ r✉❧❡s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ ❲❡❜ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✿ ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡✱ ❙❡r✈✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❆❣❡♥ts ♊♥ t❀❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ✱ ✞✭✶✮✿✹✶✕✻✵✱ ❏❯▲ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✻✵❪ ❇✳ ▌♊t✐❩ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❱♊❧③✳ ❖♣t✐♠✐③✐♥❣ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ✉s✐♥❣ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ■♥ ❋✳ ❇r②✱ ❈✳ ▲✉t③✱ ❯✳ ❙❛tt❧❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❙❝❀♊♊♣✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✶✵t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ♠❡❡ts ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s ✭❑❘❉❇ ✷✵✵✞✮ ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✌✟ ♊❢ ❈❊❯❘ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✳ ❈❊❯❘✲❲❙✳♊r❣✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✻✶❪ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✳ ❚❀❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t s♊❧✈❡rs✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❚✉t♩r✐❛❧ ❛t ■❈▲P ✷✵✵✹✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t ❀tt♣✿ ✎✎✇✇✇✳t❝s✳❀✉t✳❢✐✎⑊✐♥✐t✎♣❛♣❡rs✎♥✐❡♠❡❧❛✲✐❝❧♣✵✹✲t✉t♩r✐❛❧✳♣s✳❣③✎ ✳ ❬✻✷❪ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ P✳ ❙✐♠♊♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❚✳ ❙♊✐♥✐♥❡♥✳ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ ❲❡✐❣❀t ❈♊♥str❛✐♥t ❘✉❧❡s✳ ■♥ ▲P◆▌❘✬✟✟ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✶✵✌✕✶✶✻✳ ❬✻✞❪ ◆✳ P❡❧♊✈✳ ◆♊♥✲♠♊♥♊t♊♥❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❢♊r ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❆❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❝s✳❊✉❧❡✉✈❡♥✳❛❝✳❜❡✎⑊♣❡❧♊✈✎♣❛♣❡rs✎♥♠❛✳♣s✳❣③ ✳✱ ❖❝t✳ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✻✹❪ ❆✳ ❘❛✐♥❡r✳ ❲❡❜ ❙❡r✈✐❝❡ ❈♊♠♣♊s✐t✐♊♥ ✉♥❞❡r ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ❑■✲❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ✧P❧❛♥❡♥✱ ❙❝❀❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ✉♥❞ ❑♊♥✜❣✉r✐❡r❡♥✱ ❊♥t✇❡r❢❡♥❧✧ ✭P✉❑✮ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✻✺❪ ❘✳ ❘♩s❛t✐✳ ❖♥ t❀❡ ❞❡❝✐❞❛❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❝♊♠♣❧❡①✐t② ♊❢ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣✐❡s ❛♥❞ r✉❧❡s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ ❲❡❜ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ✱ ✞✭✶✮✿✻✶✕✌✞✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✻✻❪ ❘✳ ❘♩s❛t✐✳ ✿ ❚✐❣❀t ✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ❛♥❞ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣✳ ■♥ ❑❘✷✵✵✻ ✱ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✻✌❪ ❉✳ ❙❡✐♣❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❍❡❧♠✉t ❚❀ö♥❡✳ ❉✐s▲♊❣ ✕ ❆ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❆♣♣r♊❛❝❀ t♩ ■♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ❙②st❡♠s ❛♥❞ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s ✭❉❆■❙❉✬✟✹✮ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✞✷✺✕✞✹✞✳ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t❛t P♩❧✐t❡❝♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈❛t❛❧✉♥②❛ ✭❯P❈✮✱ ✶✟✟✹✳ ❬✻✜❪ P✳ ❙✐♠♊♥s✳ ❙♠♊❞❡❧s ❍♊♠❡♣❛❣❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳t❝s✳❀✉t✳❢✐✎❙♊❢t✇❛r❡✎s♠♊❞❡❧s✮ ✳ ❬✻✟❪ ❱✳❙✳ ❙✉❜r❛❀♠❛♥✐❛♥✱ ❉✳ ◆❛✉✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✳ ❱❛❣♊✳ ❲❋❙ ✰ ❇r❛♥❝❀ ❛♥❞ ❇♊✉♥❞ ❂ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧s✳ ■❊❊❊ ❚❑❉❊ ✱ ✌✭✞✮✿✞✻✷✕✞✌✌✱ ✶✟✟✺✳ ❬✌✵❪ ❚✳ ❙✇✐❢t✳ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ❖♥t♊❧♊❣✐❡s ✈✐❛ ❆❙P✳ ■♥ ❱✳ ▲✐❢s❝❀✐t③ ❛♥❞ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝✳ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡✈❡♥t❀ ■♥t✳❧ ❈♊♥❢✳ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭▲P◆▌❘✲✌✮ ✱ ▲◆❈❙✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✌✺✕✷✜✜✱ ❋♩rt ▲❛✉❞❡r❞❛❧❡✱ ❋❧♩r✐❞❛✱ ❯❙❆✱ ❏❛♥✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✳ ❬✌✶❪ ❚✳ ❙②r❥À♥❡♥✳ ❖♠❡❣❛✲r❡str✐❝t❡❞ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✻t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✱ ❱✐❡♥♥❛✱ ❆✉str✐❛✱ ❙❡♣t❡♠❜❡r ✷✵✵✶✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✳ ❬✌✷❪ ❲❆❙P r❡♣♊rt ✭■❙❚✲✷✵✵✶✲✞✌✵✵✹✮✳ ▌♊❞❡❧ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ♣r♊♊❢s✲♊❢✲❝♊♥❝❡♣t✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❊r✳t✉✇✐❡♥✳❛❝✳❛t✎♣r♊❥❡❝ts✎❲❆❙P✮r❡♣♊rt✳❀t♠❧ ✳ ❬✌✞❪ ❲❆❙P s❀♊✇❝❛s❡✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❊r✳t✉✇✐❡♥✳❛❝✳❛t✎♣r♊❥❡❝ts✎❲❆❙P✮s❀♊✇❝❛s❡✳❀t♠❧ ✳ ❬✌✹❪ ●✳ ❚❛♥❣ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✳ ❖♥ t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ ❛♥♊♥②♠♊✉s ✐❞❡♥t✐t② ❛♥❞ r❡✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥✳ ■♥ ❈♊♊♣■❙✎❉❖❆✎❖❉❇❆❙❊ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✵✹✌✕✶✵✻✻✱ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✌✺❪ ●✳ ❚❛♥❣✱ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✳ ❩❀❛♊✳ ✧✢♊r❛✲✷✿ ❆ r✉❧❡✲❜❛s❡❞ ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✐♥❢r❛str✉❝t✉r❡ ❢♊r t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜✳✧✳ ■♥ ❘✳ ▌❡❡rs♠❛♥✱ ❩✳ ❚❛r✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❈✳ ❙❝❀♠✐❞t✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ ❈♊♊♣■❙✎❉❖❆✎❖❉❇❆❙❊ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✌✶✕✻✜✜✱ ✷✵✵✞✳

  91. ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ❙tr✐♥❣ P❧✉❣✐♥ ❀❡① ❙②♥t❛①✱ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❘❉❋ P❧✉❣✐♥ ■♥ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s P❧✉❣✐♥ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ♣❧✉❣✐♥s P♊❧✐❝② P❧✉❣✐♥ ❘❡✈✐❡✇❡r ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♊♥ ✕ ❱❛r✐❛♥t ✹✎✷ ❈❀♊♊s❡ t❀❡ r❡✈✐❡✇ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡s ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡s ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♊♥ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s✿ ❚❀❡ ❖❲▲ ❑❇ ❀❛s ♣r♊♣❡rt✐❡s ❞❡✜♥✐♥❣ • ❊❡②✇♊r❞s ♊❢ ♣❛♣❡rs ✧r❡✈✿❊❡②✇♊r❞✧ ❛♥❞ ♊✈❡r❧❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❊❡②✇♊r❞s ✧r❡✈✿♊✈❡r❧❛♣s❲✐t❀✧ ❚❛s❊ ▌♊❞✐❢② t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✹❛✳❞❧❀ ❛s ❢♊❧❧♊✇s✿ ✶ ❆ P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r ✇❀♊ ✐s ❛✉t❀♊r ♊❢ ❛ ♣❛♣❡r ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ s❛♠❡ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ✐s ❛ ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡✳ ✷ ❆ P❈ ♠❡♠❜❡r ✇❀♊ ✐s ❛✉t❀♊r ♊❢ ❛ ♣❛♣❡r ✇✐t❀ ❛♥ ♊✈❡r❧❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❊❡②✇♊r❞ ❛s ✇❡❧❧✳ ❝❛♥❞✭❳✱P✮ ✿✲ ❩✇✭P✱❑✮✱ ♣❝✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✱ ✫❞❧❈❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿♣❡rs♊♥✧❪✭❳✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿✐s❆✉t❀♊r❖❢✧❪✭❳✱P✶✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿❊❡②✇♊r❞✧❪✭P✶✱❑✮✳ ❝❛♥❞✭❳✱P✮ ✿✲ ❩✇✭P✱❑✮✱ ♣❝✭❳✮✱ ✉r❧✭❯✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿♊✈❡r❧❛♣s❲✐t❀✧❪✭❑✱❑✶✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿✐s❆✉t❀♊r❖❢✧❪✭❳✱P✶✮✱ ✫❞❧❘❬❯✱❝✶✱❝✷✱r✶✱r✷✱✧r❡✈✿❊❡②✇♊r❞✧❪✭P✶✱❑✶✮✳ ❙♩❧✉t✐♊♥✿ r❡✈✐❡✇❡rs✹❜✳❞❧❀ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r ❯♥✐t ✻ ✕ ❆♥♊t❀❡r ❆❙P ❊①t❡♥s✐♊♥✿ ❀❡① ✲Pr♊❣r❛♠s ❬✶❪ ●✳ ❆❧s❛ç ❛♥❞ ❈✳ ❇❛r❛❧✳ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐✈❡ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ❚❡❝❀♥✐❝❛❧ ❘❡♣♊rt ❆❙❯ ✷✵✵✶✲✵✷✱ ❆r✐③♊♥❛ ❙t❛t❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t②✱ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✷❪ ❏✳ ❆♥❣❡❧❡✱ ❍✳ ❇♊❧❡②✱ ❏✳ ❞❡ ❇r✉✐❥♥✱ ❉✳ ❋❡♥s❡❧✱ P✳ ❍✐t③❧❡r✱ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✱ ❘✳ ❑r✉♠♠❡♥❛❝❀❡r✱ ❍✳ ▲❛✉s❡♥✱ ❆✳ P♊❧❧❡r❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❙t✉❞❡r✳ ❲❡❜ r✉❧❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✭❲❘▲✮✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❲✞❈ ▌❡♠❜❡r ❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✱ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✇✞✳♊r❣✎❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✎❲❘▲✎ ✳ ❬✞❪ ❈❀r✐st✐❛♥ ❆♥❣❡r✱ ❑❛t❀r✐♥ ❑♊♥❝③❛❊✱ ❛♥❞ ❚❀♊♠❛s ▲✐♥❊❡✳ ◆♊▌♊❘❡ ✿ ❆ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ◆♊♥✲▌♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ▲P◆▌❘✬✵✶ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✹✵✻✕✹✶✵✳ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❬✹❪ ❈❀❛♥❞r❛❜♩s❡ ❆r❛✈✐♥❞❛♥✱ ❏✳ ❉✐①✱ ❛♥❞ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✳ ❉✐s▲♊P✿ ❆ ❘❡s❡❛r❝❀ Pr♊❥❡❝t ♊♥ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ❆■ ❈♊♠♠✉♥✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✱ ✶✵✭✞✎✹✮✿✶✺✶✕✶✻✺✱ ✶✟✟✌✳ ❬✺❪ ❈✳ ❇❡❧❧✱ ❆✳ ◆❡r♊❞❡✱ ❘✳❚✳ ◆❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❱✳❙✳ ❙✉❜r❛❀♠❛♥✐❛♥✳ ▌✐①❡❞ ■♥t❡❣❡r Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▌❡t❀♊❞s ❢♊r ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ❏❆❈▌ ✱ ✹✶✿✶✶✌✜✕✶✷✶✺✱ ✶✟✟✹✳ ❬✻❪ ❚✳ ❇❡r♥❡rs✲▲❡❡✳ ❲❡❜ ❢♊r r❡❛❧ ♣❡♊♣❧❡✱ ❆♣r✐❧ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❑❡②♥♊t❡ ❙♣❡❡❝❀ ❛t t❀❡ ✶✹t❀ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❲❲❲✷✵✵✺✮✱ s❧✐❞❡s ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✇✞✳♊r❣✎✷✵✵✺✎❚❛❧❊s✎✵✺✶✶✲❊❡②♥♊t❡✲t❜❧✮ ✳ ❬✌❪ P✳ ❆✳ ❇♊♥❛tt✐✳ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ■♥✜♥✐t❡ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡✈❡♥t❡❡♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❏♊✐♥t ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭■❏❈❆■✮ ✷✵✵✶ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✵✞✕✻✶✵✱ ❙❡❛tt❧❡✱ ❲❆✱ ❯❙❆✱ ❆✉❣✳ ✷✵✵✶✳ ▌♊r❣❛♥ ❑❛✉❢♠❛♥♥ P✉❜❧✐s❀❡rs✳ ❬✜❪ ▌✳ ❇r❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❉✳ ❱♊s✳ ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✉♥❞❡r t❀❡ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✳ ■♥ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✟❪ ❋✳ ❇✉❝❝❛❢✉rr✐✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ P✳ ❘✉❧❧♊✳ ❊♥❀❛♥❝✐♥❣ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❧♊❣ ❜② ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts✳ ■❊❊❊ ❚❑❉❊ ✱ ✶✷✭✺✮✿✜✹✺✕✜✻✵✱ ✷✵✵✵✳ ❬✶✵❪ ❏✳ ❉✳ ❇r✉✐❥♥✱ ❆✳ P♊❧❧❡r❡s✱ ❘✳ ▲❛r❛✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❋❡♥s❡❧✳ ❖❲▲ ❉▲ ✈s✳ ❖❲▲ ❋❧✐❣❀t✿ ❈♊♥❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ♠♊❞❡❧✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❢♊r t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✶✹t❀ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❲❲❲✷✵✵✺✮ ✱ ❈❀✐❜❛✱ ❏❛♣❛♥✱ ▌❛② ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✶✶❪ ❋✳ ❇✉❝❝❛❢✉rr✐✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ P✳ ❘✉❧❧♊✳ ❙tr♊♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❲❡❛❊ ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts ✐♥ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❧♊❣✳ ■♥ ❏✳ ❉✐①✱ ❯✳ ❋✉r❜❛❝❀✱ ❛♥❞ ❆✳ ◆❡r♊❞❡✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✹t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥✲▌♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭▲P◆▌❘✬✟✌✮ ✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✶✷✻✺ ✐♥ ▲◆❆■✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✕✶✌✱ ❉❛❣st✉❀❧✱ ●❡r♠❛♥②✱ ❏✉❧② ✶✟✟✌✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✳ ❬✶✷❪ P✳ ❇✉r❡❊ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ●r❛❜♩s✳ ❉✉❛❧❧② str✉❝t✉r❡❞ ❝♊♥❝❡♣ts ✐♥ t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜✿ ❆♥s✇❡r s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♊❛❝❀✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❊❙❲❈ ✷✵✵✺✱ ❍❡r❛❊❧✐♊♥✱ ❈r❡t❡✱ ●r❡❡❝❡✱ ▌❛② ✷✟ ✲ ❏✉♥❡ ✶✱ ✷✵✵✺✱ ▲◆❈❙ ✞✺✞✷ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✌✕✞✟✶✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✶✞❪ ❋✳ ❈❛❧✐♠❡r✐✱ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ●✳ ■❡❧♣❛✱ ❆✳ P✐❡tr❛♠❛❧❛✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❈✳ ❙❛♥t♩r♊✳ ❆ s②st❡♠ ✇✐t❀ t❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ ❏❊▲■❆ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✟✞✕✻✟✌✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✶✹❪ ❋✳ ❈❛❧✐♠❡r✐ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✳ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ s♩✉r❝❡s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❛t✐♊♥ ❢♊r ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t ❙♊❧✈❡rs✳ ■♥ ❈✳ ❇❛r❛❧✱ ●✳ ●r❡❝♊✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ❚❡rr❛❝✐♥❛✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✖ ✜t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ▲P◆▌❘✬✵✺✱ ❉✐❛♠❛♥t❡✱ ■t❛❧②✱ ❙❡♣t❡♠❜❡r ✷✵✵✺✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✞✻✻✷ ♊❢ ▲◆❈❙ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✵✺✕✶✶✜✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✶✺❪ ❲❡✐❞♊♥❣ ❈❀❡♥ ❛♥❞ ❉❛✈✐❞ ❙❝♩tt ❲❛rr❡♥✳ ❈♊♠♣✉t❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ■ts ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ✇✐t❀ ▲♊❣✐❝❛❧ ◗✉❡r② Pr♊❝❡ss✐♥❣✳ ■❊❊❊ ❚❑❉❊ ✱ ✜✭✺✮✿✌✹✷✕✌✺✌✱ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❬✶✻❪ P❛✇❡➟ ❈❀♊❧❡✇✐➠s❊✐✱ ❱✳ ❲✐❊t♩r ▌❛r❡❊✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❙②st❡♠ ❉❡❘❡❙✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♊❢ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭❑❘ ✬✟✻✮ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✺✶✜✕✺✷✜✱ ❈❛♠❜r✐❞❣❡✱ ▌❛ss❛❝❀✉s❡tts✱ ❯❙❆✱ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❬✶✌❪ P❛✇❡➟ ❈❀♊❧❡✇✐➠s❊✐✱ ❱✳❲✳ ▌❛r❡❊✱ ❆rt✉r ▌✐❊✐t✐✉❊✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ ❈♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ▲♊❣✐❝✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✶✷✭✷✕✞✮✿✶✵✺✕✶✹✌✱ ✶✟✟✟✳ ❬✶✜❪ ❈✳ ❈✉♠❜♊✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ ●r❡❝♊✳ ❊♥❀❛♥❝✐♥❣ t❀❡ ♠❛❣✐❝✲s❡t ♠❡t❀♊❞ ❢♊r ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ t❀❡ ✷✵t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✕ ■❈▲P✬✵✹ ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✞✶✞✷ ♊❢ ▲◆❈❙ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✶✕✞✜✺✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✶✟❪ ❙✳ ❉❡❝❊❡r✱ ▌✳ ❙✐♥t❡❊✱ ❛♥❞ ❲✳ ◆❡❥❞❧✳ ❚❀❡ ♠♊❞❡❧✲t❀❡♊r❡t✐❝ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ ❚❘■P▲❊✱ ◆♊✈✳ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✷✵❪ ❋✳ ▌✳ ❉♊♥✐♥✐✱ ▌✳ ▲❡♥③❡r✐♥✐✱ ❉✳ ◆❛r❞✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❆✳ ❙❝❀❛❡r❢✳ ✲❧♊❣✿ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣ ❛♥❞ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥t ■♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ❙②st❡♠s ✭❏■■❙✮ ✱ ✶✵✭✞✮✿✷✷✌✕✷✺✷✱ ✶✟✟✜✳ ❬✷✶❪ ❉✳ ❊❛st ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ Pr♊♣♊s✐t✐♊♥❛❧ ❙❛t✐s✜❛❜✐❧✐t② ✐♥ ❆♥s✇❡r✲s❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ ❏♊✐♥t ●❡r♠❛♥✎❆✉str✐❛♥ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡✱ ❑■✬✷✵✵✶ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✶✞✜✕✶✺✞✳ ▲◆❆■ ✷✶✌✹✱ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❬✷✷❪ ❉✳ ❊❛st ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➠s❊✐✳ ❞❝s✿ ❆♥ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❉❆❚❆▲❖● ✇✐t❀ ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts✳ ■♥ ◆▌❘✬✷✵✵✵ ✱ ✷✵✵✵✳ ❬✷✞❪ ❯✳ ❊❣❧②✱ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❲♊❧tr❛♥✳ ❙♊❧✈✐♥❣ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❚❛s❊s ✉s✐♥❣ ◗✉❛♥t✐✜❡❞ ❇♊♊❧❡❛♥ ❋♩r♠✉❧❛s✳ ■♥ ❆❆❆■✬✵✵ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✹✶✌✕✹✷✷✳ ❆❆❆■ Pr❡ss ✮ ▌■❚ Pr❡ss✱ ✷✵✵✵✳ ❬✷✹❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❆✳ P♊❧❧❡r❡s✳ ❆ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❆♣♣r♊❛❝❀ t♩ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡✲❙t❛t❡ P❧❛♥♥✐♥❣✱ ■■✿ t❀❡ ❉▲❱ ❙②st❡♠✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✹✹✭✶✕✷✮✿✶✺✌✕✷✶✶✱ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✷✺❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ▌✳ ❋✐♥❊✱ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✱ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❲♊❧tr❛♥✳ ❙tr♊♥❣ ❛♥❞ ✉♥✐❢♊r♠ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ ❛♥s✇❡r✲s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✿ ❈❀❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛t✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ❝♊♠♣❧❡①✐t② r❡s✉❧ts ❢♊r t❀❡ ♥♊♥✲❣r♊✉♥❞ ❝❛s❡✳ ■♥ ❆❆❆■ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✟✺✕✌✵✵✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✷✻❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✳ ❆ ❯♥✐❢♊r♠ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❍✐❣❀❡r✲❖r❞❡r ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❊①t❡r♥❛❧ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥s ✐♥ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❏♊✐♥t ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭■❏❈❆■✮ ✷✵✵✺ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✟✵✕✟✻✱ ❊❞✐♥❜✉r❣❀✱ ❯❑✱ ❆✉❣✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✷✌❪ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❚✳ ▲✉❊❛s✐❡✇✐❝③✱ ❘✳ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❍✳ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✳ ❈♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝s ❢♊r t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✳ ■♥ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♊❢ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✿ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ◆✐♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❑❘✷✵✵✹✮✱ ❲❀✐st❧❡r✱ ❈❛♥❛❞❛ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✹✶✕✶✺✶✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❊①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❘❡♣♊rt ❘❘✲✶✜✹✞✲✵✞✲✶✞✱ ■♥st✐t✉t ❢Ìr ■♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ss②st❡♠❡✱ ❚❯ ❲✐❡♥✱ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✷✜❪ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❚✳❀ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ●✳❀ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❘✳❀ ❛♥❞ ❚♊♠♣✐ts✱ ❍✳ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❊✛❡❝t✐✈❡ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❉❡❝❧❛r❛t✐✈❡ ❘✉❧❡s ✇✐t❀ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥s ❢♊r ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✷✵✵✻✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✷✟❪ ❚❀♊♠❛s ❊✐t❡r✱ ●✐♩✈❛♠❜❛tt✐st❛ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ❘♊♠❛♥ ❙❝❀✐♥❞❧❛✉❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❍❛♥s ❚♊♠♣✐ts✳ ❚♩✇❛r❞s ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❍❊❳ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✶✶t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭◆▌❘✲✷✵✵✻✮✱ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❚r❛❝❩ ✱ ❏✉♥❡ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✞✵❪ ❖✳ ❊❧✲❑❀❛t✐❜✱ ❊✳ P♊♥t❡❧❧✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❚✳ ❈✳ ❙♊♥✳ ❏✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣ ♊❢ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✐♥ ❛s♣✳ ■♥ ❆❆❉❊❇❯● ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✹✟✕✺✜✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✶❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✳ ❆ ❈♊♠♣❛r✐s♊♥ ♊❢ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❢♊r ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✺t❀ ❉✉t❝❀✲●❡r♠❛♥ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ❚❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡s ❛♥❞ t❀❡✐r ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✭❉●◆▌❘ ✷✵✵✶✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✹✕✌✺✱ ❆♣r✳ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❬✞✷❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✳ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❛❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✐♥ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✿ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❛♥❞ ❝♊♠♣❧❡①✐t②✳ ■♥ ❏✳ ❏✳ ❆❧❢❡r❡s ❛♥❞ ❏✳ ▲❡✐t❡✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✟t❀ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭❏❊▲■❆ ✷✵✵✹✮ ✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✞✷✷✟ ✐♥ ▲◆❆■✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✵✵✕✷✶✷✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✞✞❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✳ ❘✐❝❝❛✳ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❢♊r ❍❛r❞ ❆❙P Pr♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ ◆✐♥❡t❡❡♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❏♊✐♥t ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✭■❏❈❆■✲✵✺✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✻✷✕✶✺✻✞✱ ❆✉❣✳ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✹❪ P✳ ❋❡rr❛r✐s ❛♥❞ ❱✳ ▲✐❢s❝❀✐t③✳ ❲❡✐❣❀t ❝♊♥str❛✐♥ts ❛s ♥❡st❡❞ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s✳ ❚P▲P ✱ ✺✭✶✕✷✮✿✹✺✕✌✹✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✺❪ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r ❛♥❞ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✳ ❉▲❱ ❀♊♠❡♣❛❣❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❞❧✈s②st❡♠✳❝♊♠✎ ✳ ❬✞✻❪ ▌✳ ●❡❧❢♊♥❞ ❛♥❞ ❱✳ ▲✐❢s❝❀✐t③✳ ❈❧❛ss✐❝❛❧ ◆❡❣❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠s ❛♥❞ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ◆●❈ ✱ ✟✿✞✻✺✕✞✜✺✱ ✶✟✟✶✳ ❬✞✌❪ ❊✳ ●✐✉♥❝❀✐❣❧✐❛ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ▌❛r❛t❡❛✳ ❖♥ t❀❡ r❡❧❛t✐♊♥ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t ❛♥❞ s❛t ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s ✭♩r✱ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❝♠♊❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ s♠♊❞❡❧s✮✳ ■♥ ■❈▲P ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✕✺✶✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✜❪ ❏✳ ●r❡ss♠❛♥♥✱ ❚✳ ❏❛♥❀✉♥❡♥✱ ❘✳ ❊✳ ▌❡r❝❡r✱ ❚✳ ❙❝❀❛✉❜✱ ❙✳ ❚❀✐❡❧❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❚✐❝❀②✳ P❧❛t②♣✉s✿ ❆ ♣❧❛t❢♊r♠ ❢♊r ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t s♊❧✈✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ▲P◆▌❘ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✷✌✕✷✞✟✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✞✟❪ ❇✳ ◆✳ ●r♩s♊❢✱ ■✳ ❍♩rr♩❝❩s✱ ❘✳ ❱♊❧③✱ ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❉❡❝❊❡r✳ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✿ ❈♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❚✇❡❧❢t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❲❲❲✷✵✵✞✱ ❇✉❞❛♣❡st✱ ❍✉♥❣❛r② ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✹✜✕✺✌✱ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✹✵❪ ❙✳ ❍❡②♠❛♥s✳ ❉❡❝✐❞❛❜❧❡ ❖♣❡♥ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✳ P❀❉ t❀❡s✐s✱ ❚❀❡♊r❡t✐❝❛❧ ❈♊♠♣✉t❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ▲❛❜ ✭❚■◆❋✮✱ ❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♊❢ ❈♊♠♣✉t❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡✱ ❱r✐❥❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t❡✐t ❇r✉ss❡❧✱ ❋❡❜✳ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❬✹✶❪ ❙✳ ❍❡②♠❛♥s✱ ❉✳ ❱✳ ◆✐❡✉✇❡♥❜♊r❣❀✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❱❡r♠❡✐r✳ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❝♊♥❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ ❘✉❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❘✉❧❡ ▌❛r❊✉♣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❢♊r t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✿ ❚❀✐r❞ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ✭❘✉❧❡▌▲ ✷✵✵✹✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✶✞✕✶✷✌✱ ❍✐r♩s❀✐♠❛✱ ❏❛♣❛♥✱ ◆♊✈✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✹✷❪ ❙✳ ❍❡②♠❛♥s✱ ❉✳ ❱✳ ◆✐❡✉✇❡♥❜♊r❣❀✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❱❡r♠❡✐r✳ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ r✉❧❡✲❜❛s❡❞ r❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❡①t❡♥❞❡❞ ❝♊♥❝❡♣t✉❛❧ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❊❙❲❈ ✷✵✵✺✳ ▲◆❈❙ ✞✺✞✷ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✟✷✕✹✵✌✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✹✞❪ ■✳ ❍♩rr♩❝❩s✱ ❇✳ P❛rs✐❛✱ P✳ P❛t❡❧✲❙❝❀♥❡✐❞❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳ ❍❡♥❞❧❡r✳ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜ ❛r❝❀✐t❡❝t✉r❡✿ ❙t❛❝❩ ♩r t✇♩ t♊✇❡rs❄ ■♥ ❋✳ ❋❛❣❡s ❛♥❞ ❙✳ ❙♊❧✐♠❛♥✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ❛♥❞ Pr❛❝t✐❝❡ ♊❢ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭PP❙❲❘ ✷✵✵✺✮ ✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✞✌✵✞ ✐♥ ▲◆❈❙✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✞✌✕✹✶✳ ❙❱✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✹✹❪ ■✳ ❍♩rr♩❝❩s✱ P✳ ❋✳ P❛t❡❧✲❙❝❀♥❡✐❞❡r✱ ❍✳ ❇♊❧❡②✱ ❙✳ ❚❛❜❡t✱ ❇✳ ●r♩s♊❢✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❉❡❛♥✳ ❙✇r❧✿ ❆ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜ r✉❧❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❝♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ♩✇❧ ❛♥❞ r✉❧❡♠❧✱ ▌❛② ✷✵✵✹✳ ❲✞❈ ▌❡♠❜❡r ❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✇✞✳♊r❣✎❙✉❜♠✐ss✐♊♥✎❙❲❘▲✎ ✳ ❬✹✺❪ ❯✳ ❍✉st❛❞t✱ ❇✳ ▌♊t✐❊✱ ❛♥❞ ❯✳ ❙❛tt❧❡r✳ ❘❡❞✉❝✐♥❣ s❀✐q✲❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝ t♩ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ♊❢ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✿ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ◆✐♥t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❑❘✷✵✵✹✮✱ ❲❀✐st❧❡r✱ ❈❛♥❛❞❛ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✷✕✶✻✷✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✹✻❪ ■❈❖◆❙ ❀♊♠❡♣❛❣❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ ✷✵✵✶✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳✐❝♊♥s✳r♊❞❛♥✳♣❧✎ ✳ ❬✹✌❪ ❚✳ ❏❛♥❀✉♥❡♥✱ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ ❉✳ ❙❡✐♣❡❧✱ P✳ ❙✐♠♊♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳✲❍✳ ❚♊✉✳ ❯♥❢♊❧❞✐♥❣ P❛rt✐❛❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ✐♥ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✳ ❆❈▌ ❚❖❈▲ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✹✜❪ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✱ ●✳ ▲❛✉s❡♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❏✳ ❲✉✳ ▲♊❣✐❝❛❧ ❢♊✉♥❞❛t✐♊♥s ♊❢ ♊❜❥❡❝t✲♊r✐❡♥t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❢r❛♠❡✲❜❛s❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❆❈▌ ✱ ✹✷✭✹✮✿✌✹✶✕✜✹✞✱ ✶✟✟✺✳ ❬✹✟❪ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ●✳ ●♩tt❧♊❜✱ ❘✳ ❘♩s❛t✐✱ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ▌✐❝❀❛❡❧ ❋✐♥❊✱ ●✐❛♥❧✉✐❣✐ ●r❡❝♊✱ ●✳ ■❛♥♥✐✱ ❊❞②t❛ ❑❛➟❊❛✱ ❉♊♠❡♥✐❝♊ ▲❡♠❜♊✱ ▌❛✉r✐③✐♊ ▲❡♥③❡r✐♥✐✱ ❱✐♥❝❡♥③✐♥♊ ▲✐♊✱ ❇❛rt♩s③ ◆♊✇✐❝❊✐✱ ▌❛r❝♩ ❘✉③③✐✱ ❲✐t♩❧❞ ❙t❛♥✐s③❊✐s✱ ❛♥❞ ●✐♩r❣✐♊ ❚❡rr❛❝✐♥❛✳ ❚❀❡ ■◆❋❖▌■❳ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ■♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ■♥❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡ ❛♥❞ ■♥❝♊♥s✐st❡♥t ❉❛t❛✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✷✹t❀ ❆❈▌ ❙■●▌❖❉ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ♊❢ ❉❛t❛ ✭❙■●▌❖❉ ✷✵✵✺✮ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✟✶✺✕✟✶✌✱ ❇❛❧t✐♠♩r❡✱ ▌❛r②❧❛♥❞✱ ❯❙❆✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❆❈▌ Pr❡ss✳ ❬✺✵❪ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ●✳ P❢❡✐❢❡r✱ ❲✳ ❋❛❜❡r✱ ❚✳ ❊✐t❡r✱ ●✳ ●♩tt❧♊❜✱ ❙✳ P❡rr✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✳ ❙❝❛r❝❡❧❧♊✳ ❚❀❡ ❉▲❱ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣✳ ❆❈▌ ❚❖❈▲ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✺✶❪ ◆✳ ▲❡♊♥❡✱ ❙✳ P❡rr✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✳ ❙❝❛r❝❡❧❧♊✳ ❇❛❝❊❥✉♠♣✐♥❣ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡s ❢♊r r✉❧❡s ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❞❧✈ s②st❡♠✳ ■♥ ◆▌❘ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✺✜✕✷✻✻✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✷❪ ❆✳ ❚✳ ▲❡✈② ❛♥❞ ▌✳✲❈✳ ❘♩✉ss❡t✳ ❈♊♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ ❀♊r♥ r✉❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ✐♥ ❈❆❘■◆✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✵✹✿✶✻✺ ✕ ✷✵✟✱ ✶✟✟✜✳ ❬✺✞❪ ❚✉❧✐②❛ ▲✐❡r❧❡r✳ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ✈✐❛ ❙❛t✐s✜❛❜✐❧✐t②✳ ■♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✖ ✜t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ▲P◆▌❘✬✵✺✱ ❉✐❛♠❛♥t❡✱ ■t❛❧②✱ ✷✵✵✺✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✱ ▲◆❈❙ ✞✻✻✷ ❬✺✹❪ ❋✳ ▲✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❚✳ ❩❀❛♊✳ ❆❙❙❆❚✿ ❝♊♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡ts ♊❢ ❛ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ❜② ❙❆❚ s♊❧✈❡rs✳ ❆rt✐✜❝✐❛❧ ■♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ✱ ✶✺✌✭✶✲✷✮✿✶✶✺✕✶✞✌✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✺❪ ❱✳ ▌❛r❡❊✱ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❚r✉s③❝③②➧❊✐✳ ▲♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ♠♊♥♊t♊♥❡ ❝❛r❞✐♥❛❧✐t② ❛t♩♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ▲P◆▌❘✲✷✵✵✹ ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✷✟✷✞ ♊❢ ▲◆❈❙ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✹✕✶✻✻✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✻❪ ❱✳❲✳ ▌❛r❡❊ ❛♥❞ ❏✳❇✳ ❘❡♠♠❡❧✳ ❖♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❈❛r❞✐♥❛❧✐t② ❈♊♥str❛✐♥ts✳ ■♥ ◆▌❘✬✷✵✵✷ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✷✶✟✕✷✷✜✱ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✺✌❪ ◆✳ ▌❝❈❛✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❍✳ ❚✉r♥❡r✳ ❙❛t✐s✜❛❜✐❧✐t② P❧❛♥♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❀ ❈❛✉s❛❧ ❚❀❡♊r✐❡s✳ ■♥ ❑❘✬✟✜ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✷✶✷✕✷✷✞✳ ✶✟✟✜✳ ❬✺✜❪ ❏✳ ▌❡✐✱ ❙✳ ▲✐✉✱ ❆✳ ❚✉❡✱ ❛♥❞ ❩✳ ▲✐♥✳ ❆♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥ t♩ ❖❲▲ ✇✐t❀ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ r✉❧❡s✳ ■♥ ❘✉❧❡s ❛♥❞ ❘✉❧❡ ▌❛r❊✉♣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ❢♊r t❀❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❲❡❜✿ ❚❀✐r❞ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ✭❘✉❧❡▌▲ ✷✵✵✹✮ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✺✺✕✶✻✟✱ ❍✐r♩s❀✐♠❛✱ ❏❛♣❛♥✱ ◆♊✈✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❬✺✟❪ ❇✳ ▌♊t✐❊✱ ❯✳ ❙❛tt❧❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❙t✉❞❡r✳ ◗✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♊r ♊✇❧✲❞❧ ✇✐t❀ r✉❧❡s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ ❲❡❜ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s✿ ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡✱ ❙❡r✈✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❆❣❡♥ts ♊♥ t❀❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲✐❞❡ ❲❡❜ ✱ ✞✭✶✮✿✹✶✕✻✵✱ ❏❯▲ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✻✵❪ ❇✳ ▌♊t✐❩ ❛♥❞ ❘✳ ❱♊❧③✳ ❖♣t✐♠✐③✐♥❣ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ✉s✐♥❣ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ■♥ ❋✳ ❇r②✱ ❈✳ ▲✉t③✱ ❯✳ ❙❛tt❧❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❙❝❀♊♊♣✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✶✵t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ ❑♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ♠❡❡ts ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s ✭❑❘❉❇ ✷✵✵✞✮ ✱ ✈♊❧✉♠❡ ✌✟ ♊❢ ❈❊❯❘ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ✳ ❈❊❯❘✲❲❙✳♊r❣✱ ❙❡♣t✳ ✷✵✵✞✳ ❬✻✶❪ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✳ ❚❀❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛♥s✇❡r s❡t s♊❧✈❡rs✱ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❚✉t♩r✐❛❧ ❛t ■❈▲P ✷✵✵✹✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t ❀tt♣✿ ✎✎✇✇✇✳t❝s✳❀✉t✳❢✐✎⑊✐♥✐t✎♣❛♣❡rs✎♥✐❡♠❡❧❛✲✐❝❧♣✵✹✲t✉t♩r✐❛❧✳♣s✳❣③✎ ✳ ❬✻✷❪ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ P✳ ❙✐♠♊♥s✱ ❛♥❞ ❚✳ ❙♊✐♥✐♥❡♥✳ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ ❲❡✐❣❀t ❈♊♥str❛✐♥t ❘✉❧❡s✳ ■♥ ▲P◆▌❘✬✟✟ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✶✵✌✕✶✶✻✳ ❬✻✞❪ ◆✳ P❡❧♊✈✳ ◆♊♥✲♠♊♥♊t♊♥❡ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❢♊r ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ❆❣❣r❡❣❛t❡s✳ ❆✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❛t ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❝s✳❊✉❧❡✉✈❡♥✳❛❝✳❜❡✎⑊♣❡❧♊✈✎♣❛♣❡rs✎♥♠❛✳♣s✳❣③ ✳✱ ❖❝t✳ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✻✹❪ ❆✳ ❘❛✐♥❡r✳ ❲❡❜ ❙❡r✈✐❝❡ ❈♊♠♣♊s✐t✐♊♥ ✉♥❞❡r ❆♥s✇❡r ❙❡t Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✳ ■♥ ❑■✲❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ✧P❧❛♥❡♥✱ ❙❝❀❡❞✉❧✐♥❣ ✉♥❞ ❑♊♥✜❣✉r✐❡r❡♥✱ ❊♥t✇❡r❢❡♥❧✧ ✭P✉❑✮ ✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✻✺❪ ❘✳ ❘♩s❛t✐✳ ❖♥ t❀❡ ❞❡❝✐❞❛❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❝♊♠♣❧❡①✐t② ♊❢ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♥❣ ♊♥t♊❧♊❣✐❡s ❛♥❞ r✉❧❡s✳ ❏♩✉r♥❛❧ ♊❢ ❲❡❜ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ✱ ✞✭✶✮✿✻✶✕✌✞✱ ✷✵✵✺✳ ❬✻✻❪ ❘✳ ❘♩s❛t✐✳ ✿ ❚✐❣❀t ✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♊♥ ❧♊❣✐❝s ❛♥❞ ❞✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❞❛t❛❧♊❣✳ ■♥ ❑❘✷✵✵✻ ✱ ✷✵✵✻✳ ❚♩ ❛♣♣❡❛r✳ ❬✻✌❪ ❉✳ ❙❡✐♣❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❍❡❧♠✉t ❚❀ö♥❡✳ ❉✐s▲♊❣ ✕ ❆ ❙②st❡♠ ❢♊r ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉✐s❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❲♊r❊s❀♊♣ ♊♥ t❀❡ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐✈❡ ❆♣♣r♊❛❝❀ t♩ ■♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ❙②st❡♠s ❛♥❞ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡s ✭❉❆■❙❉✬✟✹✮ ✱ ♣♣✳ ✞✷✺✕✞✹✞✳ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t❛t P♩❧✐t❡❝♥✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈❛t❛❧✉♥②❛ ✭❯P❈✮✱ ✶✟✟✹✳ ❬✻✜❪ P✳ ❙✐♠♊♥s✳ ❙♠♊❞❡❧s ❍♊♠❡♣❛❣❡✱ s✐♥❝❡ ✶✟✟✻✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳t❝s✳❀✉t✳❢✐✎❙♊❢t✇❛r❡✎s♠♊❞❡❧s✮ ✳ ❬✻✟❪ ❱✳❙✳ ❙✉❜r❛❀♠❛♥✐❛♥✱ ❉✳ ◆❛✉✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✳ ❱❛❣♊✳ ❲❋❙ ✰ ❇r❛♥❝❀ ❛♥❞ ❇♊✉♥❞ ❂ ❙t❛❜❧❡ ▌♊❞❡❧s✳ ■❊❊❊ ❚❑❉❊ ✱ ✌✭✞✮✿✞✻✷✕✞✌✌✱ ✶✟✟✺✳ ❬✌✵❪ ❚✳ ❙✇✐❢t✳ ❉❡❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ❖♥t♊❧♊❣✐❡s ✈✐❛ ❆❙P✳ ■♥ ❱✳ ▲✐❢s❝❀✐t③ ❛♥❞ ■✳ ◆✐❡♠❡❧À✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ Pr♊❝✳ ♊❢ t❀❡ ❙❡✈❡♥t❀ ■♥t✳❧ ❈♊♥❢✳ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✭▲P◆▌❘✲✌✮ ✱ ▲◆❈❙✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✷✌✺✕✷✜✜✱ ❋♩rt ▲❛✉❞❡r❞❛❧❡✱ ❋❧♩r✐❞❛✱ ❯❙❆✱ ❏❛♥✳ ✷✵✵✹✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✳ ❬✌✶❪ ❚✳ ❙②r❥À♥❡♥✳ ❖♠❡❣❛✲r❡str✐❝t❡❞ ❧♊❣✐❝ ♣r♊❣r❛♠s✳ ■♥ Pr♊❝❡❡❞✐♥❣s ♊❢ t❀❡ ✻t❀ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❈♊♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ♊♥ ▲♊❣✐❝ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ◆♊♥♠♊♥♊t♊♥✐❝ ❘❡❛s♊♥✐♥❣ ✱ ❱✐❡♥♥❛✱ ❆✉str✐❛✱ ❙❡♣t❡♠❜❡r ✷✵✵✶✳ ❙♣r✐♥❣❡r✳ ❬✌✷❪ ❲❆❙P r❡♣♊rt ✭■❙❚✲✷✵✵✶✲✞✌✵✵✹✮✳ ▌♊❞❡❧ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ❛♥❞ ♣r♊♊❢s✲♊❢✲❝♊♥❝❡♣t✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❊r✳t✉✇✐❡♥✳❛❝✳❛t✎♣r♊❥❡❝ts✎❲❆❙P✮r❡♣♊rt✳❀t♠❧ ✳ ❬✌✞❪ ❲❆❙P s❀♊✇❝❛s❡✳ ❀tt♣✿✎✎✇✇✇✳❊r✳t✉✇✐❡♥✳❛❝✳❛t✎♣r♊❥❡❝ts✎❲❆❙P✮s❀♊✇❝❛s❡✳❀t♠❧ ✳ ❬✌✹❪ ●✳ ❚❛♥❣ ❛♥❞ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✳ ❖♥ t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ♊❢ ❛♥♊♥②♠♊✉s ✐❞❡♥t✐t② ❛♥❞ r❡✐✜❝❛t✐♊♥✳ ■♥ ❈♊♊♣■❙✎❉❖❆✎❖❉❇❆❙❊ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✶✵✹✌✕✶✵✻✻✱ ✷✵✵✷✳ ❬✌✺❪ ●✳ ❚❛♥❣✱ ▌✳ ❑✐❢❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✳ ❩❀❛♊✳ ✧✢♊r❛✲✷✿ ❆ r✉❧❡✲❜❛s❡❞ ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✐♥❢r❛str✉❝t✉r❡ ❢♊r t❀❡ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ✇❡❜✳✧✳ ■♥ ❘✳ ▌❡❡rs♠❛♥✱ ❩✳ ❚❛r✐✱ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ❈✳ ❙❝❀♠✐❞t✱ ❡❞✐t♩rs✱ ❈♊♊♣■❙✎❉❖❆✎❖❉❇❆❙❊ ✱ ♣❛❣❡s ✻✌✶✕✻✜✜✱ ✷✵✵✞✳

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