T H E R O L E O F H E R I T A G E I N S U S T A I N A B L E D E V E L O P M E N T A N D U R B A N R E S I L I E N C E Speaker Moderator Mr Donovan Rypkema Mr Ho Weng Hin President, Heritage Strategies International Partner & Director, Studio Lapis Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania Adjunct Senior Lecturer, NUS
The Role of Heritage in Sustainable Development and Urban Resilience
Definitions Conclusions International Commitments Urban Sustainable Resiliency Development
Sustainable Development: The ability to meet our own needs without prejudicing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable Development Represented
Green buildings are necessary but not sufficient for Sustainable Development
Building Sustainability Assessment Tool Economic Social Environmental Efficient Cultural adaptability Environmental standards Economic return Cultural importance Energy consumption Efficient land use Lovability Embodied energy Form of Tenure Construction legislation Hazardous/deleterious Quality of Transportation Occupation legislation Environmental quality Access Maintenance of fabric Local amenities Ecological Functional adaptability Quality of work environment Technological adaptability
“Head of Green Building Council Links Sustainable Development and Heritage Conservation” Philippines Green Building Council
Recycle? Reuse? Reduce?
Sustainable Development as a concept has evolved
Heritage Conservation as Sustainable Development Environmental Responsibility
At most 10% of “environmental” projects advance the Environmental cause of heritage Responsibility 100% of heritage projects advance the cause of the environment
25% to 33% of land fill from Environmental construction Responsibility debris
Demolish this one small historic benefit and wipe out impact on land fill of 1,344,000 aluminum cans recycled Environmental Responsibility
20 – 40% reduction in Vehicle Miles Traveled Reduction of travel related CO ₂ Emissions by 92 – 123 Metric Tons CO ₂ “saved” = 18,700 to 22,000 gallons of gasoline Environmental Responsibility Embodied energy retained 55,000 MBTU Greenfield land preserved 5.2 acres Less construction debris in landfills 2500 Tons Infrastructure investment saved $500,000 to $800,000 Reuse 50,000 s.f. warehouse instead of building new in suburbs
Environmental Responsibility It takes 10 to 80 years of an energy efficient new building to make up for the negative climate change impacts of construction Building reuse almost always offers environmental savings over demolition and new construction
A multifamily Environmental Responsibility structure built since 1980 uses 13% more energy per square foot than one built before 1920
Heritage Conservation as Sustainable Development Social Responsibility
Heritage as Education Social Responsibility
Heritage areas provide the venue for… Social Responsibility Passive Street Life Active Street Life The informal economy Personal attachment to the city
Household Income Distribution San Antonio and Historic Districts Social Responsibility 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Less than $25,000 - $50,000 - $75,000 - $100,000 - $150,000 + $25,000 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 $149,999 San Antonio Historic Districts
Racial Distribution San Antonio and Historic Districts Social Responsibility 100% 16.0% 90% 23.0% 80% 6.8% 6.9% 70% 60% 50% 40% 75.0% 68.5% 30% 20% 10% 0% San Antonio Historic Districts White African-American Asian Other
His ispanic Pop opulation Sa San Antonio an and His istoric Di Districts Social Responsibility 100% 90% 37.0% 80% 39.7% 70% 60% 50% 40% 63.0% 30% 60.3% 20% 10% 0% San Antonio Historic Districts Hispanic Non-Hispanic
Rhode Island Historic Districts: Demographic Mirrors of the Community Social Responsibility Population by Income 25.6% 26.0% More than $100,000 13.0% 12.2% $75,000- 100,000 16.0% 17.0% $50,000-75,000 20.9% 21.3% $25,000- $50,000 Less than 24.9% 23.1% $25,000 Rest of the State Local Historic Districts
Rhode Island Historic Districts: Demographic Mirrors of the Community Population by Race Social Responsibility 100% 9% 9% 90% 4% 3% 6% 7% 80% 70% Other 60% Asian 50% 40% 81% 81% Black 30% 20% White 10% Alone 0% Local Rest of Districts Rhode Island
Average Walk Score Designation Raleigh 29 Car-dependent Social Responsibility Local historic districts 82 Very walkable National Register historic districts 64 Somewhat walkable All historic districts 73 Very walkable
Social Responsibility
Heritage Conservation as Sustainable Development Economic Responsibility
Natural incubator for small, neighborhood serving Economic Responsibility businesses
Jobs created per $1 million of activity Economic Responsibility 18.1 14.9 10.4 8.7 4.0 3.5 Automobile Computer Air Poultry New Historic Manufacturing Manufacturing Transportation Processing Construction Rehabilitation
Location of New Business in Downtown Raleigh - 2013 Economic Responsibility New Construction Historic 32% Buildings 46% Historic Buildings Older Buildings New Construction Older Buildings 22%
Value Change 1999 - 2014 Savannah Local Historic Districts 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Rest of Savannah Cuyler-Brownsville Mid-City Savannah HD Victorian 1999 2014
Change in Value 2003 - 2015 Local Historic Districts vs City Economic Responsibility 2003 = 100 260.0 240.0 220.0 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 2003 2015
Share of Heritage Visitors in San Antonio Economic Responsibility 41.9% 52.7% 58.1% 47.3% OVERNIGHT VISITORS DAY VISITORS Heritage Visitors Non-Heritage Visitors
Per Person Per Trip rip Overnig ight Vis isitors to o Sa San Antonio Economic Responsibility $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 Lodging Transportation Food & beverage Retail Recreation within San Antonio Heritage Visitors Other Visitors
Local Historic Districts and Job Attraction - Indianapolis Economic Responsibility 30% 25% 20% 15% 28.2% 21.0% 10% 16.2% 5% 3.6% 0% Land Area Jobs Accommodation & Food Service Professional/Scientific/Technical Services
Historic Districts as Job Attractors Economic Responsibility 10.9% Young Firm Jobs 10.1% Start-up Firm Jobs 9.9% Small Firm Jobs 8.0% Private Sector Jobs 3.4% Lots 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0%
Economic Responsibility
Cultural Responsibility
Heritage areas provide the venue for… Cultural Responsibility Artists & the Creative Class Street Performers Public gathering space Arts Districts
Jobs in Knowledge and Creative Industries Cultural Responsibility 20.3% 14.0% 13.8% 10.4% 8.0% Share of All Jobs Professional, Information Educational Arts, Scientific, and Services Entertainment, Technical Services and Recreation
Heritage Tourism and Music in Nashville Cultural Responsibility
Hand Cultural Responsibility plastering, Kikinda, Serbia
Decorative wood Cultural Responsibility pieces, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Restoring wall painting, Hue, Cultural Responsibility Vietnam
Cultural Responsibility Decorative woodwork, Hue, Vietnam
Cultural Responsibility Plaster worker, Sumatra, Indonesia
Handmade tools, Tbilisi, Georgia Cultural Responsibility
Sustainable Development Goals
Targets Mentioning Cultural By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development (4.7) By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products (8.9) Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products (12b)
Primary Cultural Heritage Sustainable Development Goal (11.4) Goal Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Target Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage Total expenditure (public and private) per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of Indicator heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations, in kind, private, non-profit sector and sponsorship)
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