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T H E O P E N S O U R C E W A Y H i s t o r y o f F r e e & O p e n S o u r c e S o f t w a r e [ i n f o ] ' K D a v i d K a p a r [ D e e e j ] A s s o c i a t


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SLIDE 1

T H E O P E N S O U R C E W A Y

H i s t

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y

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F r e e & O p e n S

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r c e S

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t w a r e

[ i n f

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D a v i d K a š p a r [ D e e

'K

e j ] A s s

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i a t e S

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t w a r e E n g i n e e r

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SLIDE 2

O P E N S O U R C E I S N O T N E W H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D ?

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SLIDE 3

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3

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1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D

I n t h e b e g i n n i n g a l m

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t w a r e w a s p r

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u c e d b y a c a d e m i c s a n d c

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p

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t e n s h a r e d a s a p u b l i c d

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t w a r e & c

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d d i t i

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t w a r e i t s e l f

j u s t h a r d w a r e s e l l i n g ’ b u s i n e s s

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t s e l l i n g s

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t w a r e n

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i t s l i c e n s i n g

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s y s t e m d e v e l

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e d b y U N I V A C d i v i s i

  • n
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R e m i n g t

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R a n d [ 1 9 5 3 ]

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SLIDE 4

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4

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1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 2

H

  • w

e v e r , a s l a r g e

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c a l e

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e r a t i n g s y s t e m s a n d p r

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r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e c

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p i l e r s m a t u r e d a n d e v

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v e d , e v e r y t h i n g s t a r t e d t

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h a n g e . . .

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t w a r e i n d u s t r y g r

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m

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X

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t w a r e d e v e l

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t s d r a m a t i c a l l y i n c r e a s i n g

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p e t i t i

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H W m a n u f a c t u r e r ’ s b u n d l e d s

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t w a r e

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r i s e

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fj r s t r e s t r i c t i v e l i c e n s e s ~

1 9 7 s

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SLIDE 5

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 5

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1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 3

I n t h e e a r l y 1 9 7 s , A T & T d i s t r i b u t e d e a r l y v e r s i

  • n

s

  • f

U N I X t

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e r n m e n t a n d a c a d e m i c r e s e a r c h e r s a t n

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t . . .

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e r m i s s i

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t

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e d i s t r i b u t e

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t

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i s t r i b u t e a n y m

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i fi e d v e r s i

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s

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N I X h a s b e c

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e w i d e s p r e a d i n t h e e a r l y 1 9 8 s

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T & T s t

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p e d t h e f r e e d i s t r i b u t i

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a n d c h a r g e d f

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s y s t e m p a t c h e s

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s a n d s

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t w a r e

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p a n i e s s t a r t e d c h a r g i n g m

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e y f

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s

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t w a r e l i c e n s e s , a n d i m p

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i n g n e w l e g a l r e s t r i c t i

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s

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i l l G a t e s w r

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e a n e s s a y O p e n L e t t e r t

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  • b

b y i s t s [ 1 9 7 6 ] ( m a n y e a r l y P C h

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b y i s t s w e r e u s i n g A l t a i r B A S I C w i t h

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t p a y i n g f

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i t ) ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

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SLIDE 6

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 6

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1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 1 – H A C K E R C U L T U R E

A n e w s u b c u l t u r e i n a c a d e m i a a r

  • u

n d t h e M I T ’ s T e c h M

  • d

e l R a i l r

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d C l u b a n d M I T A r t i fj c i a l I n t e l l i g e n c e L a b

  • r

a t

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y h a s s t a r t e d t

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r

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s i n c e 1 9 6 s .

  • h

a c k – p r a c t i c a l j

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e s & p r a n k s t

  • s

h

  • w
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f t e c h n i c a l a p t i t u d e a n d c l e v e r n e s s ,

  • r

t

  • c
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m e m

  • r

a t e p

  • p

u l a r c u l t u r e a n d h i s t

  • r

i c a l t

  • p

i c s

  • d
  • n

e a n

  • n

y m

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s l y , w i t h p r e c e d e n t , t r a d i t i

  • n

& e t h i c s

  • M

I T u s e d t

  • h

a v e “ H a l l

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H a c k s ” m u s e u m

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x a m p l e s i n c l u d e G r e a t D

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e b e i n g c

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v e r t e d t

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2

  • D

2 , f u l l l i v i n g r

  • m

s e t h a n g i n g

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t s i d e t h e M I T M e d i a L a b , e t c . ~

1 9 7 s

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SLIDE 7

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 7

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1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 1 – W H O I S H A C K E R ?

I n c

  • m

p u t i n g – a h i g h l y s k i l l e d c

  • m

p u t e r e x p e r t t h a t u s e s t h e i r t e c h n i c a l k n

  • w

l e d g e t

  • v

e r c

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e a p r

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l e m . J a r g

  • n

F i l e d e fi n e s h a c k e r l i k e t h i s : " A p e r s

  • n

w h

  • e

n j

  • y

s e x p l

  • r

i n g t h e d e t a i l s

  • f

p r

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r a m m a b l e s y s t e m s a n d s t r e t c h i n g t h e i r c a p a b i l i t i e s , a s

  • p

p

  • s

e d t

  • m
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t u s e r s , w h

  • p

r e f e r t

  • l

e a r n

  • n

l y t h e m i n i m u m n e c e s s a r y . "

  • M

I T h

  • u

s e d I B M 7 4 c

  • m

p u t e r i n t h e E A M r

  • m

i n 1 9 5 9

  • s

t u d e n t s s n e a k e d i n t

  • t

h e E A M r

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a f t e r w

  • r

k i n g h

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r s ( “ h a c k i n g ” t h e i r w a y i n ) , t

  • a

t t e m p t p r

  • g

r a m m i n g

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3

  • t
  • n

, 2 . 7 m e t e r s t a l l c

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p u t e r . . .

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i s e i n p

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u l a r c u l t u r e i n 1 9 8 s

  • h

a c k e r v s . c r a c k e r , s c r i p t

  • k

i d d i e s

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u l t i p l e h a c k e r c

  • m

m u n i t i e s e v

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v e d i n p a r a l l e l ~

1 9 7 s

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SLIDE 8

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 8

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1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 1 – H A C K E R E T H I C S

I n 1 9 8 4 , t h e b

  • k

H a c k e r s : H e r

  • e

s

  • f

t h e C

  • m

p u t e r R e v

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u t i

  • n

w a s r e l e a s e d . S t e v e n L e v y d e s c r i b e d t h e g e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e s

  • f

h a c k e r e t h i c s :

~

1 9 7 s

  • S

h a r i n g & O p e n n e s s – s h a r i n g w a s t h e n

  • r

m & e x p e c t e d w i t h i n h a c k e r c u l t u r e , t e c h n

  • l
  • g

y c

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l d b e l i b e r a t i n g r a t h e r t h a n

  • p

p r e s s i n g

  • H

a n d s

  • O

n I m p e r a t i v e – i f s

  • m

e t h i n g i s r e s t r i c t e d , t h e n t h e e n d s j u s t i f y t h e m e a n s , t

  • m

a k e i t u n r e s t r i c t e d s

  • t

h a t i m p r

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e m e n t s c a n b e m a d e

  • C
  • m

m u n i t y & C

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l a b

  • r

a t i

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– a l w a y s i m p

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t a n t f

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e a c h g e n e r a t i

  • n
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h a c k e r s ~

1 9 8 s “ I n f

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m a t i

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w a n t s t

  • b

e f r e e . ”

  • S

t e w a r t B r a n d

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SLIDE 9

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 9

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1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 1 – H A C K E R E T H I C S

A d d i t i

  • n

a l l y

  • t

h e r m

  • r

e s p e c i fi c b e l i e f s w e r e p a r t

  • f

h a c k e r s e t h i c s :

  • a

c c e s s t

  • c
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p u t e r s – s h

  • u

l d b e u n l i m i t e d a n d t

  • t

a l

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l l i n f

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m a t i

  • n

s h

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l d b e f r e e – s

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a c k e r s c a n fi x , i m p r

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e & r e i n v e n t s y s t e m s

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i s t r u s t a u t h

  • r

i t y a n d p r

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e d e c e n t r a l i z a t i

  • n

– n

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n d a r i e s b e t w e e n h a c k e r a n d p i e c e

  • f

i n f

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m a t i

  • n

; b u r e a u c r a c i e s a r e fl a w e d s y s t e m s

  • h

a c k e r s s h

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l d b e j u d g e d b y t h e i r h a c k i n g s k i l l – n

  • t

b y d e g r e e s , a g e , r a c e , s e x , e t c .

  • y
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c a n c r e a t e a r t & b e a u t y

  • n

a c

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p u t e r – a p p r e c i a t i

  • n

f

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i n n

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a t i v e t e c h n i q u e s ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

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SLIDE 10

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1

" P l a y f u l l y d

  • i

n g s

  • m

e t h i n g d i f fj c u l t , w h e t h e r u s e f u l

  • r

n

  • t

, t h a t i s h a c k i n g . "

R I C H A R D M A T T H E W S T A L L M A N

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 4

  • s

t a r t e d s t u d i e s a t H a r v a r d i n 1 9 7 , b e c a m e a p r

  • g

r a m m e r a t M I T i n 1 9 7 1

  • b

e c a m e p a r t

  • f

t h e h a c k e r c

  • m

m u n i t y

  • c
  • n

t i n u e d h i s s t u d i e s a t M I T

  • b

e c a m e A I r e s e a r c h a s s i s t a n t i n 1 9 7 5

  • c
  • a

u t h

  • r
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n

  • w

a d a y s s t i l l u s e d d e p e n d e n c y

  • d

i r e c t e d b a c k t r a c k i n g

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SLIDE 11

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 1

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 5

M I T A I L a b

  • r

a t

  • r

y

  • w

n e d s e v e r a l n e t w

  • r

k c

  • n

n e c t e d X P G l a s e r p r i n t e r s . T h e y w e r e r u n n i n g s

  • f

t w a r e m

  • d

i fj e d b y R M S . B u t

  • n

e d a y , t h e u n i v e r s i t y d e c i d e d t

  • g
  • f
  • r

a n u p g r a d e .

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e w l a s e r p r i n t e r ( X e r

  • x

9 7 ) w i t h I E E E 1 2 8 4 p l u g

  • l
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s

  • f

s i g n a l s f

  • r

“ C e n t r

  • n

i c s p l u g ” ( 3 6 p i n s t

  • t

a l )

p a p e r j a m m e d ” s i g n a l w a s n

  • t

w

  • r

k i n g

  • R

M S t r i e d t

  • fi

x t h e i s s u e s , b u t t h e c

  • m

p a n y r e f u s e d t

  • h

e l p b e c a u s e

  • f

N D A “ I d

  • n

' t w a n t s

  • f

t w a r e v e n d

  • r

s t

  • m

a k e d i v i d e b e t w e e n u s e r s a n d d e v e l

  • p

e r s – i f I l i k e t h e s

  • f

t w a r e I m u s t b e a b l e t

  • g

i v e i t t

  • a

n y

  • n

e a n d s h a r e i t . ”

  • R

M S ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

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SLIDE 12

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 2

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 6

I n S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 3 , a s p a r t

  • f

t h e p a r t

  • f

t h e G N U P r

  • j

e c t , R M S a n n

  • u

n c e d t h e p l a n f

  • r

t h e n e w G N U

  • p

e r a t i n g s y s t e m

  • n

s e v e r a l m a i l i n g l i s t s , a n d l e f t h i s j

  • b

a t M I T i n F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 4 t

  • w
  • r

k f u l l y

  • n

i t . . .

  • G

N U M a n i f e s t

  • p

u b l i s h e d i n 1 9 8 5

  • F

r e e S

  • f

t w a r e F

  • u

n d a t i

  • n

( F S F ) f

  • u

n d e d i n 1 9 8 5

  • G

N U C C

  • m

p i l e r r e l e a s e d i n 1 9 8 7

  • G

N U G e n e r a l P u b l i c L i c e n c e 1 . ( G P L ) r e l e a s e d i n 1 9 8 9

  • m
  • s

t

  • f

t h e G N U O S c

  • m

p l e t e d b y 1 9 8 9 ( e m a c s , g c c , g d b , m a k e )

  • d

e v e l

  • p

m e n t

  • f

G N U H u r d m i c r

  • k

e r n e l s t a r t e d i n 1 9 9 ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

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SLIDE 13

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 3

<

1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 2

T h e r e s u l t i n g d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c

  • p

y r i g h t v s . G P L ( c

  • p

y l e f t ) :

  • C
  • p

y r i g h t

  • “You have right to restrict others

from copying your work, modifying the work, and from distributing the work.”

  • G

N U G P L

  • “Hey there, we will give you those rights...

And we will have only one requirement: If you do distribute the work, you have to do it under the same license.” ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

slide-14
SLIDE 14

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 4

<

1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 2

S

  • f

t w a r e l i c e n s e s i n c

  • n

t e x t

  • f

c

  • p

y r i g h t a c c

  • r

d i n g t

  • M

a r k W e b b i n k :

R i g h t s i n C

  • p

y r i g h t

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

P u b l i c D

  • m

a i n N

  • n
  • P

r

  • t

e c t i v e F O S S L i c e n s e P r

  • t

e c t i v e F O S S L i c e n s e P r

  • p

r i e t a r y L i c e n s e T r a d e S e c r e t A l l r i g h t s r e l i n q u i s h e d A l l r i g h t s r e t a i n e d m

  • r

e r i g h t s g r a n t e d m

  • r

e r i g h t s r e t a i n e d

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SLIDE 15

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 5

“ I f y

  • u

w a n t e d s

  • m

e t h i n g , y

  • u

( h a d t

  • )

b u i l t i t . A n d t h e n , i f y

  • u

w a n t e d s

  • m

e t h i n g r e a l l y s p e c i a l , y

  • u

s h a r e d i t . ”

  • M

i c h a e l T i e m a n n

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 7

I n 1 9 8 9 C y g n u s S

  • l

u t i

  • n

s w a s f

  • u

n d e d – t

  • p

r

  • v

e t h a t f r e e s

  • f

t w a r e c a n w

  • r

k a s a b u s i n e s s m

  • d

e l a s w e l l . . .

  • w

a n t e d t

  • w

r i t e t h e “ g r e a t A m e r i c a n c

  • m

p i l e r ” f

  • r

C

  • R

M S w a s f a s t e r . . .

slide-16
SLIDE 16

T H E B I R T H O F L I N U X

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SLIDE 17

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 7

“ T a l k i s c h e a p , s h

  • w

m e t h e c

  • d

e ! ”

L I N U S B E N E D I C T T O R V A L D S

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 8

  • s

t u d i e d a t U n i v e r s i t y

  • f

H e l s i n k i

  • c

r e a t e d L i n u x k e r n e l i n 1 9 9 1

  • p

e r f e c t t i m i n g

  • f

L i n u x r e l e a s e

  • c

r e a t e d a n

  • t

h e r i m p

  • r

t a n t p r

  • j

e c t ( ? ) i n 2 5

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SLIDE 18

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 8

“ T a l k i s c h e a p , s h

  • w

m e t h e c

  • d

e ! ”

L I N U S B E N E D I C T T O R V A L D S

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 8

  • s

t u d i e d a t U n i v e r s i t y

  • f

H e l s i n k i

  • c

r e a t e d L i n u x k e r n e l i n 1 9 9 1

  • p

e r f e c t t i m i n g

  • f

L i n u x r e l e a s e

  • c

r e a t e d g i t i n 2 5

slide-19
SLIDE 19

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 1 9

" R e g r e s s i

  • n

t e s t i n g " ? W h a t ' s t h a t ? I f i t c

  • m

p i l e s , i t i s g

  • d

; i f i t b

  • t

s u p , i t i s p e r f e c t .

L I N U S B E N E D I C T T O R V A L D S

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 8

  • w

a n t e d t

  • n

a m e L i n u x a s … ( ? )

  • b

u t i t w a s c h a n g e d b y F T P a d m i n i s t r a t

  • r
  • f

t h e s e r v e r

“ T u x ” b y L a r r y E w i n g , S i mo n B u d i g , A n j a G e r w i n s k i

slide-20
SLIDE 20

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2

" R e g r e s s i

  • n

t e s t i n g " ? W h a t ' s t h a t ? I f i t c

  • m

p i l e s , i t i s g

  • d

; i f i t b

  • t

s u p , i t i s p e r f e c t .

L I N U S B E N E D I C T T O R V A L D S

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 8

  • w

a n t e d t

  • n

a m e L i n u x a s F R E A X

  • b

u t i t w a s c h a n g e d b y F T P a d m i n i s t r a t

  • r
  • f

t h e s e r v e r

“ T u x ” b y L a r r y E w i n g , S i mo n B u d i g , A n j a G e r w i n s k i

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SLIDE 21

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2 1

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 9

From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Summary: small poll for my new operating system Message-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI> Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki “Hello everybody out there using minix – I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file- system (due to practical reasons) among other things). ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1

slide-22
SLIDE 22

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2 2

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 9

... I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I’ll get something practical within a few months, and I’d like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won’t promise I’ll implement them :-) Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)

  • PS. Yes – it’s free of any minix code, and it has a multi-

threaded fs. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT- harddisks, as that’s all I have :-(.” ~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1

slide-23
SLIDE 23

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2 3

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 3

“ W h i c h l e a d s m e t

  • 3

f u n d a m e n t a l t h e

  • r

i e s a b

  • u

t t h e w h

  • l

e I T i n d u s t r y : 1 ) I t a l l h a p p e n e d b y a c c i d e n t . 2 ) I t w a s d

  • n

e b y a m a t e u r s . 3 ) N

  • t

h i n g h a s r e a l l y c h a n g e d . ” – J a n W i l d e b

  • e

r [ F r e e & O p e n S

  • u

r c e E v a n g e l i s t ]

slide-24
SLIDE 24

T H E G U Y I N R E D H A T

slide-25
SLIDE 25

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2 5

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 M a r c E w i n g u s e d t

  • w

e a r r e d l a c r

  • s

s e c a p i n l a b

  • r

a t

  • r

i e s

  • f

C a r n e g i e M e l l

  • n

U n i v e r s i t y , s

  • t

h e r s t u d e n t s c

  • u

l d e a s i l y fi n d h i m w h e n t h e y n e e d e d s

  • m

e h e l p w i t h t h e i r c

  • m

p u t e r . . .

  • f
  • u

n d e d R e d H a t S

  • f

t w a r e i n 1 9 9 3

  • fi

r s t r e l e a s e

  • f

R e d H a t L i n u x d i s t r i b u t i

  • n

i n 1 9 9 4

  • B
  • b

Y

  • u

n g b

  • u

g h t E w i n g ’ s b u s i n e s s i n 1 9 9 5

  • R

e d H a t b e c a m e p u b l i c l y t r a d e d c

  • m

p a n y i n 1 9 9 9 , a s t h e fj r s t p u r e l y O p e n S

  • u

r c e S

  • f

t w a r e c

  • m

p a n y i n t h e h i s t

  • r

y

  • M

a t t h e w S z u l i k b e c a m e t h e n e w C E O

  • f

R e d H a t i n 1 9 9 9

  • R

e d H a t a c q u i r e d C y g n u s S

  • l

u t i

  • n

s c

  • m

p a n y t h e s a m e d a y

1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 9

slide-26
SLIDE 26

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2 6

B

  • b

Y

  • u

n g & M a r c E w i n g

  • B

u l l e t

  • B

u l l e t

  • B

u l l e t

“ Y

  • u

w

  • u

l d n ' t b u y a c a r w i t h t h e h

  • d

w e l d e d s h u t , w

  • u

l d y

  • u

? ” – B

  • b

Y

  • u

n g

C

  • f
  • u

n d e r s

  • f

R e d H a t c

  • m

p a n y .

slide-27
SLIDE 27

T H E “ I N T E R N E T ” I S B O R N

slide-28
SLIDE 28

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 2 8

“ E v e r y b

  • d

y s h

  • u

l d b e a b l e t

  • r

u n h i s

  • w

n s e r v e r , a n d s h a r e d

  • c

u m e n t s t h e y w a n t . ” – S i r T i m B e r n e r s

  • L

e e

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 1

C

  • m

p u S e r v e a n d A O L w e r e m a j

  • r

c

  • m

p a n i e s f

  • r

n e t w

  • r

k i n g , b u t t h e i r n e t w

  • r

k s w e r e p r

  • p

r i e t a r y …

  • fi

r s t v e r s i

  • n

s

  • f

W W W , H T M L a n d H T T P i n 1 9 9 8

  • t
  • m

a k e i t w

  • r

k , w e n e e d s t a n d a r d s t h a t a r e O P E N h t t p : / / w w w . w 3 .

  • r

g / P e

  • p

l e / B e r n e r s

  • L

e e / F A Q . h t m l O P E N S T A N D A R D S > O p e n S

  • u

r c e S

  • f

t w a r e

slide-29
SLIDE 29

F I R S T T H E Y I G N O R E Y O U

slide-30
SLIDE 30

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 2

“ R e m e m b e r t h e r e f r a i n : W e a l w a y s b u i l d

  • n

t h e p a s t ; t h e p a s t a l w a y s t r i e s t

  • s

t

  • p

u s . F r e e d

  • m

i s a b

  • u

t s t

  • p

p i n g t h e p a s t , b u t w e h a v e l

  • s

t t h a t i d e a l . ” – p r

  • f

. L a w r e n c e L e s s i g

  • f
  • u

n d e d O p e n S

  • u

r c e I n i t i a t i v e ( O S I ) i n 1 9 9 8

  • f
  • u

n d e d C r e a t i v e C

  • m

m

  • n

s i n 2 1 ( n

  • n
  • p

r

  • fi

t

  • r

g a n i z a t i

  • n

& s e t

  • f

l i c e n s e s )

  • t
  • e

x p a n d t h e a m

  • u

n t

  • f

c r e a t i v e w

  • r

k s a v a i l a b l e t

  • t

h e r s

  • t
  • b

u i l d u p

  • n

w

  • r

k

  • f
  • t

h e r s a n d s h a r e i t – a l l c

  • m

p l e t e l y l e g a l l y

slide-31
SLIDE 31

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 1

<

1 9 6 s

W I K I P E D I A I S L A U N C H E D

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 3

  • t

h e e a r l i e s t k n

  • w

n p r

  • p
  • s

a l f

  • r
  • n

l i n e e n c y c l

  • p

e d i a m a d e b y R i c k G a t e s i n 1 9 9 3

  • i

n 2 R M S p r

  • p
  • s

e d n e w c

  • n

c e p t

  • f

a f r e e

  • a

s

  • i

n

  • f

r e e d

  • m
  • n

l i n e e n c y c l

  • p

e d i a

  • c

r u c i a l i d e a t h a t “ n

  • c

e n t r a l

  • r

g a n i z a t i

  • n

s h

  • u

l d c

  • n

t r

  • l

t h e e d i t i n g ”

  • c
  • m

p e t e d w i t h M i c r

  • s
  • f

t E n c a r t a , E n c y c l

  • p

æd i a B r i t a n n i c a a n d N u p e d i a

1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1

slide-32
SLIDE 32

T H E N T H E Y L A U G H A T Y O U

slide-33
SLIDE 33

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 3

<

1 9 6 s

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 4

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 D u r i n g e a r l y d a y s

  • f

L i n u x , i t w a s n

  • t

t a k e n s e r i

  • u

s l y . . . “ L i n u x i s t h e H y p e d e J

  • u

r . ”

  • G

a r t n e r G r

  • u

p [ 1 9 9 9 ] “ W e t h i n k

  • f

L i n u x a s a c

  • m

p e t i t

  • r

i n t h e s t u d e n t a n d h

  • b

b y i s t m a r k e t . B u t I r e a l l y d

  • n

' t t h i n k i n t h e c

  • m

m e r c i a l m a r k e t w e ' l l s e e i t i n a n y s i g n i fj c a n t w a y ”

  • B

i l l G a t e s [ 2 1 ] “ L i n u x i s a c a n c e r t h a t a t t a c h e s i t s e l f i n a n i n t e l l e c t u a l p r

  • p

e r t y s e n s e t

  • e

v e r y t h i n g i t t

  • u

c h e s . ”

  • S

t e v e B a l l m e r [ 2 1

]

1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1

slide-34
SLIDE 34

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 4

I N T E R M E Z Z O # 4

Q 1 : W h y s h

  • u

l d I b

  • t

h e r w i t h s

  • m

e t h i n g w h i c h i s n

  • t

t a k e n s e r i

  • u

s l y ? Q 2 : W h y s h

  • u

l d I w

  • r

k

  • n

s

  • m

e t h i n g t h a t c a n b e u s e d f

  • r

f r e e ? T h a t w i l l n

  • t

p a y m y m

  • n

t h l y b i l l s … H a v e y

  • u

e v e r h e a r d t h e f

  • l

l

  • w

u p q u

  • t

e b e f

  • r

e ? “ 6 4 K

  • u

g h t t

  • b

e e n

  • u

g h f

  • r

a n y b

  • d

y . ” ! = B i l l G a t e s [ 1 9 8 1 ]

slide-35
SLIDE 35

T H E N T H E Y F I G H T Y O U

slide-36
SLIDE 36

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 6

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 4

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 S i n c e t h e s t a r t

  • f

t h e c

  • m

p a n y , R e d H a t L i n u x w a s r e l e a s e d e v e r y 6 m

  • n

t h s . I t w a s

  • u

r t h e

  • n

l y s

  • u

r c e

  • f

r e v e n u e . I n 2 3 , R e d H a t t

  • k

a l e a p

  • f

f a i t h . . . 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1

  • R

e d H a t L i n u x w a s r e t i r e d , R H E L & F e d

  • r

a C

  • r

e w e r e s p a w n e d

  • n

e w b u s i n e s s m

  • d

e l c r e a t e d : t h e S U B S C R I P T I O N M O D E L

  • R

e d H a t h a s b e c

  • m

e s e r v i c e p r

  • v

i d i n g a n d t e c h n

  • l
  • g

y c

  • m

p a n y

  • c
  • n

t i n u e d g r

  • w

t h s u p p

  • r

t e d b y a d d i t i

  • n

a l c

  • m

p a n y a c q u i s i t i

  • n

s

2 3

slide-37
SLIDE 37

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 7

<

1 9 6 s

H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 4

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 S i n c e t h e s t a r t

  • f

t h e c

  • m

p a n y , R e d H a t L i n u x w a s r e l e a s e d e v e r y 6 m

  • n

t h s . I t w a s

  • u

r t h e

  • n

l y s

  • u

r c e

  • f

r e v e n u e . I n 2 3 , R e d H a t t

  • k

a l e a p

  • f

f a i t h . . . 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1 2 3

“ L i n u x i s n ’ t g

  • i

n g a w a y . L i n u x i s a s e r i

  • u

s c

  • m

p e t i t

  • r

. W e w i l l r i s e t

  • t

h i s c h a l l e n g e . ” – S t e v e B a l l m e r [ 2 3 ]

slide-38
SLIDE 38

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 8

O P E N S O U R C E A S C O M M U N I S M …

slide-39
SLIDE 39

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 3 9

<

1 9 6 s

W A L L A C E v s . I n t e r n a t i

  • a

n l B M C , e t a l .

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 I N T E R M E Z Z O # 4 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1 2 3

  • D

a n i e l W a l l a c e s u e d F r e e S

  • f

t w a r e F

  • u

n d a t i

  • n

i n 2 5 , s t a t i n g t h a t G N U G P L i s t a n t a m

  • u

n t t

  • p

r i c e fj x i n g

  • a

f t e r s e v e r a l a m e n d m e n t s t h e c a s e w a s d i s m i s s e d , n

  • t

i n g t h a t “ G P L a c t u a l l y e n c

  • u

r a g e s t h e f r e e c

  • m

p e t i t i

  • n

a n d d i s t r i b u t i

  • n
  • f

O S ”

  • a

n

  • t

h e r l a w s u i t fi l e d a g a i n s t I B M , N

  • v

e l l , a n d R e d H a t , w i t h a l l e g a t i

  • n

s

  • f

e n g a g e m e n t i n a n t i

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  • m

p e t i t i v e p r i c e fj x i n g

  • h

e l

  • s

t t h e c a s e w i t h p r e j u d i c e 2 6

slide-40
SLIDE 40

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4

<

1 9 6 s

A N O T H E R I M P O R T A N T M I L E S T O N E S

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 5 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1 2 3

  • R

e d H a t a p p

  • i

n t e d n e w C E O – J i m W h i t e h u r s t – i n 2 7

  • R

e d H a t r e a c h e d 1 b i l l i

  • n

$ r e v e n u e i n 2 1 2 , a s a fj r s t p u r e l y O p e n S

  • u

r c e c

  • m

p a n y i n t h e W

  • r

l d

  • M

i c r

  • s
  • f

t a p p

  • i

n t e d n e w C E O – S a t y a N a d e l l a – i n 2 1 4

  • .

N E T C

  • r

e s

  • u

r c e c

  • d

e r e l e a s e d p u b l i c l y

  • n

g i t h u b . c

  • m

l a t e r i n 2 1 4

  • J

i m W h i t e h u r s t w r

  • t

e T h e O p e n O r g a n i z a t i

  • n

b

  • k

i n 2 1 5 2 6 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 5

slide-41
SLIDE 41

T H E N Y O U W I N

slide-42
SLIDE 42

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4 2

<

1 9 6 s

A N O T H E R I M P O R T A N T M I L E S T O N E S

~

1 9 7 s

~

1 9 8 s

~

1 9 7 s 1 9 9 1 H O W I T A L L S T A R T E D # 1 6 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 1 2 3 I n N

  • v

e m b e r 2 1 5 , s

  • m

e t h i n g u n e x p e c t e d h a p p e n …

M i c r

  • s
  • f

t a n d R e d H a t a n n

  • u

n c e d p a r t n e r s h i p !

“ W i t h R e d H a t a n d t h e l e a d e r i n e n t e r p r i s e c l

  • u

d w

  • r

k l

  • a

d s j

  • i

n i n g f

  • r

c e s ,

  • u

r c u s t

  • m

e r s a r e t h e w i n n e r s t

  • d

a y , a s w e u n i t e

  • n

c

  • m

m

  • n

s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s t

  • h

e l p t h e m s

  • l

v e c h a l l e n g e s i n t h i s h y b r i d c l

  • u

d . ” – P a u l C

  • r

m i e r

2 6 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 5

slide-43
SLIDE 43

C U R R E N T S T A T U S

slide-44
SLIDE 44

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4 4

O P E N S O U R C E I S N O T J U S T L I N U X

C U R R E N T S T A T U S # 1

I t ’ s r e a l l y m u c h m

  • r

e …

slide-45
SLIDE 45

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4 5

N O T J U S T A N A L T E R N A T I V E

M a n y e n t e r p r i s e c

  • m

p a n i e s l

  • k

a t t h e O p e n S

  • u

r c e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s a s t h e i r d e f a u l t c h

  • i

c e .

O P E N S O U R C E I S E V E R Y W H E R E

C U R R E N T S T A T U S # 2 M

  • r

e t h a n 9 %

  • f

F

  • r

t u n e 5 c

  • mp

a n i e s

U s e d R e d H a t s

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u t i

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s i n y e a r 2 1 4 . A l l

  • f

t h e s e s

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u t i

  • n

s a r e b a s e d

  • n

O p e n S

  • u

r c e t e c h n

  • l
  • g

i e s .

H E A D H U N T E R S A R E L O O K I N G

F

  • r

p e

  • p

l e a c t i v e l y e n g a g e d i n O p e n S

  • u

r c e p r

  • j

e c t s .

slide-46
SLIDE 46

N O T J U S T T O M A K E M O N E Y

slide-47
SLIDE 47

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4 7

R E D H A T ’ S M I S S I O N

W e a r e n

  • t

h e r e j u s t t

  • m

a k e m

  • n

e y … O u r c

  • m

p a n y ’ s m i s s i

  • n

s t a t e m e n t i s :

“ T

  • b

e t h e c a t a l y s t i n c

  • m

m u n i t i e s

  • f

c u s t

  • m

e r s , c

  • n

t r i b u t

  • r

s , a n d p a r t n e r s c r e a t i n g b e t t e r t e c h n

  • l
  • g

y t h e

  • p

e n s

  • u

r c e w a y . ”

U P S T R E A M F I R S T R U L E

W e d r a w a n d d e r i v e a l

  • t

f r

  • m

O p e n S

  • u

r c e c

  • m

m u n i t i e s . P r

  • t

e c t t h e s e c

  • m

m u n i t i e s , a n d g i v e b a c k t

  • t

h e m .

F I G H T T H E P A T E N T T R O L L S

W e p r

  • t

e c t b

  • t

h

  • u

r c u s t

  • m

e r s a n d O p e n S

  • u

r c e c

  • m

m u n i t i e s f r

  • m

d e s t r u c t i v e w

  • r

k

  • f

p a t e n t t r

  • l

l s . . .

slide-48
SLIDE 48

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4 8

C R E A T I V E C O M M O N S

R e d H a t h e l p e d t

  • s

t a r t t h e C r e a t i v e C

  • m

m

  • n

s i n i t i a t i v e .

R E D H A T ’ S A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S

W e a r e n

  • t

h e r e j u s t t

  • m

a k e m

  • n

e y … O P E N S O U R C E . C O M

R e d H a t l a u n c h e d n e w w e b s i t e t

  • s

h

  • w

h

  • w

& w h e r e t h e O p e n S

  • u

r c e p r i n c i p l e s h e l p e d

  • u

t s i d e t h e I T i n d u s t r y .

W O M E N I N O P E N S O U R C E A W A R D

W e k n

  • w

d i v e r s i t y m a k e s u s s t r

  • n

g e r , a n d w e n e e d m

  • r

e w

  • m

e n i n I T i n d u s t r y … R e d H a t r e c

  • g

n i z e s t h e s e w

  • m

e n ’ s c

  • n

t r i b u t i

  • n

s t

  • O

p e n S

  • u

r c e w

  • r

l d .

slide-49
SLIDE 49

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 4 9

S H A D O W M A N L O G O

T h i s i s n

  • t

j u s t a r e g u l a r “ l

  • g

. I t r e p r e s e n t s

  • u

r h i s t

  • r

y

  • f

d

  • i

n g t h e r i g h t t h i n g , a n d t h e c

  • n

fj d e n c e t h a t b r i n g s . . . “ I t ’ s a s y m b

  • l
  • f
  • u

r e a r l y d a y s , w h e n

  • u

r f

  • u

n d e r s e m b r a c e d

  • u

r

  • u

t s i d e r , s u b v e r s i v e , r e v

  • l

u t i

  • n

a r y r e p u t a t i

  • n

a n d r a n w i t h i t … ”

slide-50
SLIDE 50

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 5

S H A D O W M A N L O G O

T h i s i s n

  • t

j u s t a r e g u l a r “ l

  • g

. I t r e p r e s e n t s

  • u

r h i s t

  • r

y

  • f

d

  • i

n g t h e r i g h t t h i n g , a n d t h e c

  • n

fj d e n c e t h a t b r i n g s . . . “ I t ’ s a s y m b

  • l
  • f
  • u

r e a r l y d a y s , w h e n

  • u

r f

  • u

n d e r s e m b r a c e d

  • u

r

  • u

t s i d e r , s u b v e r s i v e , r e v

  • l

u t i

  • n

a r y r e p u t a t i

  • n

a n d r a n w i t h i t … ”

slide-51
SLIDE 51

T H E O P E N S O U R C E W A Y

slide-52
SLIDE 52

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 5 2

W H A T I S T H E O P E N S O U R C E W A Y ?

A p p l y i n g t h e O p e n S

  • u

r c e S

  • f

t w a r e d e v e l

  • p

m e n t p r i n c i p l e s b e y

  • n

d t h e s

  • f

t w a r e & t e c h n

  • l
  • g

y … T h e r e a r e 5 p r i n c i p l e s

  • f

t h e O p e n S

  • u

r c e W a y :

  • o

p e n e x c h a n g e – w e w a n t t

  • l

e a r n m

  • r

e

  • p

a r t i c i p a t i

  • n

– w e a r e f r e e t

  • c
  • l

l a b

  • r

a t e a n d t

  • c

r e a t e

  • r

a p i d p r

  • t
  • t

y p i n g – a t s

  • m

e p

  • i

n t w e w i l l f a i l , a c c e p t i t ! S

  • f

a i l e a r l y , l e a r n b y d

  • i

n g , a n d fi n d b e t t e r s s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s f a s t e r a s a r e s u l t .

  • m

e r i t

  • c

r a c y – b e s t i d e a s w i n , n

  • m

a t t e r w h

  • m

t h e y c

  • m

e f r

  • m
  • c
  • m

m u n i t y – c

  • m

m

  • n

p u r p

  • s

e b r i n g s u s t

  • g

e t h e r

=>> W a y

  • f

l i f e t

  • c

h a n g e t h e w

  • r

l d a r

  • u

n d u s ! :)

slide-53
SLIDE 53

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 5 3

A P P L Y I N G T H E P R I N C I P L E S

W h a t c a n w e a c h i e v e w h e n w e u s e t h e O p e n S

  • u

r c e W a y ? [ C l i c k f

  • r

v i d e

  • s

]

V E N K Y H A R I H A R A N F m r C

  • r

p

  • r

a t e A f f a i r s D i r R e d H a t I n d i a T O M D E L B A N C O , M D C

  • f
  • u

n d e r

  • f

O p e n N

  • t

e s H a r v a r d M e d i c a l S c h

  • l

J O N S H C U L L R e s e a r c h s c i e n t i s t & f

  • u

n d e r

  • f

e

  • N

A B L E

“ I f y

  • u

g e t i t r i g h t , i f y

  • u

a r e a b l e t

  • d

r i v e s

  • m

e g

  • d

c h a n g e s , i t ’ s n

  • t

j u s t a s m a l l l

  • c

a l i z e d d i s , b u t i t h a s a n e f f e c t

  • n

a l

  • t
  • f

p e

  • p

l e . ” “ I t ’ s b a s i c a l l y t h e n

  • t

i

  • n

w e s h

  • u

l d s h a r e e q u a l l y . W e s h

  • u

l d b e t

  • t

a l l y t r a n s p a r e n t w i t h w h a t w e ’ r e t h i n k i n g ” “ I l i k e t

  • s

a y w e m a k e c h i l d r e n s m i l e , w e m a k e p a r e n t s w e e p , a n d w e m a k e n e r d s r e j

  • i

c e . ”

slide-54
SLIDE 54

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 5 4

C A L E B H A R P E R D i r e c t

  • r
  • f

O p e n A g r i c u l t u r e I n i t i a t i v e , M I T M e d i a L a b N A T H A N C O L L I N S S c i e n c e W r i t e r P a c i fi c S t a n d a r d M A R K L I M D i r e c t

  • r
  • f

G

  • v

e r n m e n t D i g i t a l S e r v i c e s

  • f

S i n g a p

  • r

e

“ W e a r e

  • n

t h e v e r g e

  • f

a r e v

  • l

u t i

  • n

i n a g r i c u l t u r e , b e c a u s e

  • u

r s y s t e m i s s t a r t i n g t

  • f

a i l . ” “ J u s t a s w e l e a r n

  • u

r b i a s e s f r

  • m

t h e w

  • r

l d a r

  • u

n d u s , A I w i l l l e a r n i t s b i a s e s f r

  • m

u s . ” “ T e c h n

  • l
  • g

y i s n

  • t
  • u

r m a i n

  • b

j e c t i v e a t a l l . T h e

  • n

l y t h i n g w e a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n i s t h e p e

  • p

l e . ”

slide-55
SLIDE 55

C C B Y

  • S

A 3 . 5 5

F I N A L T H O U G H T

“ W

  • u

l d y

  • u

r a t h e r fm y i n a p l a n e t h a t h a s b e e n i n s p e c t e d f

  • r

s a f e t y b y 1 i n s p e c t

  • r

s ,

  • r

1 ,

  • r

1 t i m e s ? W h e n i t c

  • m

e s t

  • fj

n d i n g p r

  • b

l e m s , m

  • r

e e y e s a r e a l w a y s b e t t e r . ”

W E C A N D O M O R E W H E N W E W O R K T O G E T H E R !

slide-56
SLIDE 56

T H A N K Y O U

p l u s . g

  • g

l e . c

  • m

/ + R e d H a t l i n k e d i n . c

  • m

/ c

  • m

p a n y / r e d

  • h

a t y

  • u

t u b e . c

  • m/

u s e r / R e d H a t V i d e

  • s

f a c e b

  • k

. c

  • m

/ r e d h a t i n c t w i t t e r . c

  • m

/ R e d H a t N e w s