Synthesis of Challenges and Opportunities Daniel Z. Sui Department - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Synthesis of Challenges and Opportunities Daniel Z. Sui Department - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Synthesis of Challenges and Opportunities Daniel Z. Sui Department of Geography & Center for Urban & Regional Analysis (CURA) The Ohio State University December 12, 2011 Santa Barbara, CA Two Cultures of Ecology Holling, C.S. 1998.

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Synthesis of Challenges and Opportunities

Daniel Z. Sui Department of Geography & Center for Urban & Regional Analysis (CURA) The Ohio State University December 12, 2011 Santa Barbara, CA

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Two Cultures of Ecology

Holling, C.S. 1998. Two cultures of ecology. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(2): 4. Available from the Internet. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss2/art4

  • Analytical - Analysis
  • Integrative – Synthesis
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Two Cultures of Ecology

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Two cultures of GIScience:

Analysis versus Synthesis?

  • Early GIS development emphasized the

integration and synthesis of diverse sources of georeferenced information a top priority.

  • Spatial analysis has been at the forefront
  • f GIScience between 1980 and 2010.
  • The growth of VGI & social media in the

age of Web 2.0 has revitalized the goal of synthesis in GIS.

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“Synthesis” in related technical fields

  • Data Assimilation (Spatial statistics/physical geography)
  • Data Fusion (Remote Sensing)
  • Data Conflation (Cartography/photogrammetry)
  • CyberGIS Framework (Geocomputation/CI)
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GIS-based Synthesis: From overlay to mashup

  • Overlay (Early GIS)
  • Mashup (Web 2.0)
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Synthesis: Opportunities

  • More diverse data available in real time
  • Multiple different methods
  • Complexity of problems
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Multiple data acquisition methods

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Synthesis of different types of data:

Google Maps = Google in Maps

Photo Video Text Social Activity More…

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  • Children as beggars prevail in China.
  • Kidnapped by traffickers, no census-

registered/official

Child Beggar in China

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Spatial Distribution

  • Spatial Distribution based on amount of

contributions in each province

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supramap.osu.edu

Synthesis across scale:

Linking geoinformatics with bioinformatics

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A step closer to Total Information Awareness?

Digital Earth: From genetic to global

e.g. Land Use Demographics Global Climate Sea Surface Temperature Digital Elevation e.g. Food and Fiber Disaster Preparedness Biodiversity Coastal Sensitivity e.g. Land Use/Land Cover Precision Agriculture Hydrologic Modeling Transportation Planning e.g. Smart Growth Public Health Disaster Response Weather INDIVIDUAL SCALE GENETIC SCALE

Global Genetic

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Synthesis: Opportunities

  • More diverse data available in real time
  • Multiple different methods
  • Complexity of problems
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Crisis informatics: Univ. of Colorado

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Synthesis: Challenges

  • Synthesis of space & place
  • Synthesis of space & time
  • Politics of synthesis: known & unknown
  • Synthesis of different problem domains
  • Educational challenges
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Space: Vertical/Perpendicular View

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Place: Perspective/side view

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Multiple views

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Geomedia GIS Video/photo

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Text Sound Video/photos Geomedia

GIS: from mapping to media

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Synthesis: Challenges

  • Synthesis of space & place
  • Synthesis of space & time
  • Politics of synthesis: known & unknown
  • Synthesis of different problem domains
  • Educational challenges
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Reconceptualing spatial demography: Beyond the chronochoric paradigm?

  • Two notions of space:

– Choros – Topos

  • Two notions of time:

– Chronos – Kairos

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Spatial Demography: Towards a new synthesis?

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Synthesis: Challenges

  • Synthesis of space & place
  • Synthesis of space & time
  • Synthesis of different problem domains
  • Politics of synthesis: known & unknown
  • Educational challenges
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Synthesis: Challenges

  • Synthesis of space & place
  • Synthesis of space & time
  • Synthesis of different problem domains
  • Politics of synthesis: known &

unknown

  • Educational challenges
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[T]here are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns – the

  • nes we don't know we don't know. ”

—Former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld [T]here are unknown knowns - these are things that are known by the favored few, but unknown by many.

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Synthesis across aggregated (encrypted)

  • vs. individual (confidential) data
  • Homomorphic cyptography for

confidentiality protection

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Educational Challenges

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  • Gardner: A synthesizing mind
  • Narrative
  • Taxonomy
  • Complex concept
  • Rules and aphorism
  • Powerful metaphors, images, and themes
  • Embodiments without words
  • Theory
  • Metatheory
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Narratives: Tropes of appeal

  • Romance
  • Comedy
  • Tragedy
  • Irony
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the ancient Greek poet Archilochus: ("the fox knows many little things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing"). Berlin expands upon this idea to divide writers and thinkers into two categories: hedgehogs, who view the world through the lens of a single defining idea (examples given include Plato, Lucretius, Dante, Pascal, Hegel, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Ibsen, and Proust) and foxes who draw on a wide variety of experiences and for whom the world cannot be boiled down to a single idea (examples given include Herodotus, Aristotle, Erasmus, Shakespeare, Montaigne, Molière, Goethe, Pushkin, Balzac, Joyce, Anderson).

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  • a. quantitative vs. qualitative
  • b. place vs. space
  • c. local vs. global
  • d. men vs. women

Figure 1. Trends of four geographical themes as revealed by N-gram