Syntax Review NOUNS VERBS NOUNS VERBS Subject Subject Direct - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Syntax Review

NOUNS NOUNS

• Subject

Subject

• Direct Object

Direct Object

• Passive Agent

Passive Agent

• Direct Address

Direct Address

• Predicate

Predicate

• Appositive

Appositive VERBS VERBS

• Direct Command

Direct Command

• Linking Verb

Linking Verb

• Participles

Participles

Syntax Review

• Subject

Subject: usually precedes the verb

• with an active verb, does the action
• with a passive verb, is acted upon
• Direct Object

Direct Object: with an active verb, receives the action

• she kills him

subject → active verb → direct object direct object him

Syntax Review

• Passive Agent

Passive Agent: with passive verb and “by,” is the doer of the action

• he is killed by her

her

• Direct Address

Direct Address: a person or thing who is spoken to directly

• Now, my beloved husband

husband, step down! subject ← passive verb ← passive agent passive agent

Syntax Review

• Predicate

Predicate: : noun or adjective equated to the subject with a linking verb

• if you become king

king, we will be happy happy

• Appositive

Appositive: the second of two nouns equated (without a linking verb!)

• Behold, my king, the sacker

sacker of Troy!

subject = predicate predicate noun = noun noun

Syntax Review

• Direct Command

Direct Command: an order or action given directly to someone

• I beg you, Oedipus, do

do not hunt hunt this out!

• Linking Verb

Linking Verb: equates the subject with a predicate

• Hush, that is

is enough! You shall shall not be be unavenged, . . .

linking verb linking verb: subject = = predicate

Syntax Review

• Participles:

Participles: verbal adjectives; do not serve as main verbs in a sentence

–active participles end with -ing and can take direct objects direct objects

• Fearing

Fearing his parents parents, Oedipus fled Corinth

–passive participles end with -ed and can take passive agents

• Frightened

Frightened by the bull bull, Hippolytus’ horses bolted over rocks

Syntax Review

Direct Command Direct Command Linking Verb Linking Verb Participles Participles Subject Subject Direct Object Direct Object Passive Agent Passive Agent Direct Address Direct Address Predicate Predicate Appositive Appositive Hipp: The Goddess Artemis is near this place. Art: She is, the dearest of the Gods to you. Hipp: You see my suffering, mistress? Art: I see it. Heavenly law forbids my tears. Hipp: Gone is your huntsman, gone your servant now. Art: Yes, truly: but you die cherished by me . . . Cypris, the worker of mischief, so contrived . . . Hipp: Farewell to you, too holy maiden! Go in peace . . .

(Euripides, Hippolytus 1393-1440)

Syntax Review

Direct Command Direct Command Linking Verb Linking Verb Participles Participles Subject Subject Direct Object Direct Object Passive Agent Passive Agent Direct Address Direct Address Predicate Predicate Appositive Appositive Hipp: The Goddess Goddess Artemis Artemis is is near this place near this place. Art: She She is, the dearest dearest of the Gods to you. Hipp: You You see my suffering suffering, mistress mistress? Art: I I see it

• it. Heavenly law

law forbids my tears tears. Hipp: Gone Gone is is your huntsman huntsman, gone gone your servant now. Art: Yes, truly: but you you die cherished cherished by me me . . . Cypris Cypris, the worker worker of mischief, so contrived . . . Hipp: Farewell Farewell to you, too holy maiden maiden! Go Go in peace . . .

(Euripides, Hippolytus 1393-1440)

Syntax Review

Direct Command Direct Command Linking Verb Linking Verb Participles Participles Subject Subject Direct Object Direct Object Passive Agent Passive Agent Direct Address Direct Address Predicate Predicate Appositive Appositive Hear me, you women of Troezen who live in this extremity of land, this anteroom to Argos. Many a time in night’s long empty spaces I have pondered the causes of a life’s shipwreck. . . . . . . our lives are worse than the mind’s quality would warrant. . . . We know the good, we apprehend it clearly. But we can’t bring it to achievement. Some are betrayed by their own laziness. (Euripides, Hippolytus 373-382)

Syntax Review

Direct Command Direct Command Linking Verb Linking Verb Participles Participles Subject Subject Direct Object Direct Object Passive Agent Passive Agent Direct Address Direct Address Predicate Predicate Appositive Appositive Hear Hear me me, you you women women of Troezen who live in this extremity of land, this anteroom anteroom to Argos. Many a time in night’s long empty spaces I I have pondered the causes causes of a life’s shipwreck. . . . . . . our lives lives are are worse worse than the mind’s quality would warrant. . . . We We know the good good, we we apprehend it it clearly. But we we can’t bring it it to achievement. Some Some are betrayed by their own laziness

• laziness. (Euripides, Hippolytus 373-382)

Syntax Review

Direct Command Direct Command Linking Verb Linking Verb Participles Participles Subject Subject Direct Object Direct Object Passive Agent Passive Agent Direct Address Direct Address Predicate Predicate Appositive Appositive Love wings her way through the air; she is in the sea, in its foaming billows . . . For she engenders us and sows the seeds of desire whereof we’re born, all we her children, living on the earth. . . . . . . Dawn, the bright light of the world,

• nce ravished Cephalus . . .

They are content, I am sure sure, to be subdued by the stroke of love. But you, you won’t submit!

(Euripides, Hippolytus 447-458)

Syntax Review

Direct Command Direct Command Linking Verb Linking Verb Participles Participles Subject Subject Direct Object Direct Object Passive Agent Passive Agent Direct Address Direct Address Predicate Predicate Appositive Appositive Love Love wings her way way through the air; she she is is in the sea in the sea, in its foaming billows in its foaming billows . . . For she she engenders us us and sows the seeds seeds of desire whereof we’re born, all we we her children children, living living on the earth. . . . . . . Dawn Dawn, the bright light light of the world,

• nce ravished Cephalus

Cephalus . . . They They are content content, I I am am sure sure, to be subdued by the stroke stroke of love. But you you, you you won’t submit!

(Euripides, Hippolytus 447-458)