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Switchgear of the Future Presentation & Demonstration of the State of the Art in Switchgear Design Presented by: James K. Stacy For: IEEE Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Table of Contents 3 History of MV Switchgear 5 MV Air

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Switchgear of the Future

Presentation & Demonstration of the State of the Art in Switchgear Design

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

Presented by: James K. Stacy For: IEEE

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Table of Contents

This presentation focuses on medium voltage AC electrical distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV, up to and including 52 kV.

Page 2 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

3 History of MV Switchgear 5 MV Air Insulated Switchgear 7 MV Gas Insulated Switchgear 11 Moving to Fixed Mounted Switchgear 14 Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear

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History of MV Switchgear

Page 3 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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Schneider Electric 4

  • Energy – 2016

Medium Voltage Switchgear Evolution

70’s - 90’s

Air-insulated Metal Clad Vacuum & SF6 CBs

50’s – 80’s

Air-insulated Metal-enclosed Air & Oil CBs

2010 - Today

Solid- insulated Vacuum CBs

80’s - today

Gas-insulated Hybrid Vacuum & SF6 CBs Main drivers of innovation:

  • Service continuity
  • Safety
  • Compactness
  • Cost reduction

30’s – 40’s

Air-insulated

Open switchgear

Air CBs

Optimization of trouble shooting Fault prevention

Fixed oil filled circuit breakers were difficult & dangerous to use & maintain Oil filled circuit breakers were put into withdrawable switchgear in order facilitate maintenance but reliability was still an issue. SF6 & Vacuum circuit breakers increased the reliability of MV circuit breaker switchgear in the 1970’s. Metal clad today has very little differences compared to metal clad from the

  • 70s. It is large and expensive.
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Air Insulated Switchgear

Page 5 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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Page 6 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Existing MV Switchgear Technology - AIS

Air Insulated Switchgear

  • Very mature technology…so mature, can we do better?
  • Uses air as the dielectric…very sensitive to the environment
  • Largest of the switchgear types
  • Requires most maintenance of the switchgear types
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Gas Insulated Switchgear

Page 7 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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Page 8 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Existing MV Switchgear Technology - GIS

Gas Insulated Switchgear

  • No maintenance in the MV circuit by having a

clean electrical atmosphere (Isolation)

  • Particles
  • Small animals
  • Salt
  • Dusty environment
  • Humidity
  • Accidental- touch safe
  • Reduced risk of internal arc

Sealed Pressure System

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Page 9 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Existing MV Switchgear Technology - GIS

>50% of the failures are not relevant High percentage of the remainder reduced:

  • Less mechanical efforts
  • It is an indoor equipment
  • Fixed components reduce the

possibilities of “hot points”

  • Maintenance is not needed in

MV parts

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Page 10 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Existing MV Switchgear Technology - GIS

Common causes of arc flash in AIS GIS

Human error

Careless cover or device removal

Fully insulated / only the cable compartment is accessible

Dropped tool

Fully insulated / only the cable compartment is accessible

Installing cabling or components live

Switch disconnector to ground the section prior maintenance

Test instrument misapplied

Integrated test instruments for voltage test / Switch disconnector to ground the section prior maintenance

Other human intervention

User-friendly & intuitive operation together with fully integrated mechanical interlocking system. Limit human intervention to the minimum due to HV part maintenance free Equipment failure

Misalignment of moving contacts

Fixed breaker / No moving contact and shield

Breakdown of insulating

Insulating (SF6) system monitored

Conductive linkage contacting live parts

Compartment sealed for life

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Moving from Withdrawable to Fixed Mounted Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker Switchgear

Page 11 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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Page 12 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Moving to Fixed Mounted Switchgear - Drivers

  • Racking circuit breakers is a known cause of electrical arc flash events and is cited multiple times in

IEEE 1584 Annex C.

  • NFPA 70E PPE tables require higher levels of PPE for racking operations.
  • Fixed circuit breaker switchgear eliminates racking and therefore eliminates one potential risk.
  • Generally, racking problems are uncommon. When they do occur, they are often due to improper

breaker reinstallation. They can increase in frequency with lack of maintenance and age of the equipment.

Withdrawable Circuit Breaker Switchgear w/ breaker racked out Fixed Mounted Circuit Breaker Switchgear One-Line Example

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Page 13 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Moving to Fixed Mounted Switchgear - Drivers

Attribute Fixed Circuit Breaker Switchgear Withdrawable Circuit Breaker Switchgear Design & Operability

  • Isolation via disconnect
  • Compact design w/ front access
  • Isolation via breaker withdrawal from cubicle
  • Larger design requiring rear access

Safety

  • Has grounding switch
  • Interlocked to prevent entry until

system is grounded

  • Has some level of arc resistance
  • Removes risks associated w/

removing withdrawable components

  • Requires manual grounding via hot stick &

cable assemblies

  • Allows access while switchgear is energized
  • Arc resistance construction is a unique design
  • Retains the risk assoicated w/ racking
  • perations

Reliability

  • Intuiative interlocked operation
  • Has no complex racking

mechansim or shutter assemblies

  • User dependent manual steps to withdraw the

breaker to isolate circuit

  • Requires use of racking mechanisms and

shutter assemblies Cost

  • Lower in both capital &
  • perational expenses
  • Higher in both capital & operational expenses
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Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear (aka SSIS or 2SIS)

The Newest Category of Medium Voltage Switchgear

Page 14 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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Page 15 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear (aka SSIS or 2SIS)

What is 2SIS (shielded solid insulation system)

  • A new class of MV switchgear
  • Entire MV live circuit path is grounded
  • “accidentally touchable” per IEC…user safety
  • No more exposed conductors

– Likelihood of internal arc is extremely limited

  • Protected against the environment
  • Dust, pollution, condensation, humidity, aggressive atmosphere, etc.
  • Removes risk of ineffective or no maintenance…no need for cleaning
  • No electric fields = no tracking, no partial discharge
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Page 16 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear (aka SSIS or 2SIS)

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Page 17 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear (aka SSIS or 2SIS)

Solid insulation covered by a conductive layer

Single bus bar (630A) Flat interface cross-section

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Page 18 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear (aka SSIS or 2SIS)

No field in ambient air Shield

Circuit breaker/ Load Break Switch

Field in ambient air No shield

2SIS vs SIS

Circuit breaker/ Load Break Switch

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Page 19 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Shielded Solid Insulated Switchgear (aka SSIS or 2SIS)

Busbar Connection to Circuit Breaker Elbow Cable Connections Busbars with Solid Insulation Busbar Connections

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Vacuum Circuit Breaker Grounding Isolation Switch Completely Epoxy Insulated & Shielded

Core Unit

Page 20 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Circuit Breaker Grounding Isolation Switch Operation

  • f Ground

Switch Operation

  • f Circuit

Breaker

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Page 21 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

SSIS Space Savings

Small Footprint and Front Accessible

7.6 ft. 3 ft. Working Space 5 ft. Working Space 5 ft.

Total Footprint: 211 sq. ft.

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Page 22 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

SSIS Space Savings

Small Footprint and Front Accessible

36 in. 29.5 in.

Total Footprint: 82 sq. ft.

14.75 in. 18 in. Air Clearance Working Space 5 ft. 8.6 ft. 9.5 ft.

60% Footprint Savings!

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Page 23 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Sensor Technology

LPVT

Vin: 0.2 to 4V Vout: 100/ sqrt 3 = 120V MV Connection up to 15kV

Converter Protective Relay LPVT

Converts Voltage up to 120V Signal Voltage Protection Scheme

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Page 24 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

SSIS Environmental Impact – Core Materials

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Masse (kg) SSIS AIS Metalclad

Product weight 148.3 326.0 923.0 Steel 73.0 154.0 732.4 Copper 9.0 45.0 95.2 Aluminium 10.0 10.0 10.6 Epoxy Resin 34.0 52.0 60.1 Other 22.3 65.0 24.7

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Page 25 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

SSIS Environmental Impact – CO2 Contribution

AIS Metalclad 1.50 E+07 1.00 E+07 5.00 E+06 0.00 E+00

Global Warming (g ~CO2) M+D+U, 20 years, 30%In

SSIS

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Page 26 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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Questions?

Page 27 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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THANK YOU.

Page 28 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

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