Supercomputers in Science from the big bang to climate change - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Supercomputers in Science from the big bang to climate change - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Supercomputers in Science from the big bang to climate change David Henty EPCC, the University of Edinburgh d.henty@epcc.ed.ac.uk +44 131 650 5960 what is EPCC? Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre founded in 1990 The

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David Henty EPCC, the University of Edinburgh d.henty@epcc.ed.ac.uk +44 131 650 5960

Supercomputers in Science

from the big bang to climate change

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January 2014 Supercomputers in Science 2

what is EPCC?

  • Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre

– founded in 1990

  • The Supercomputing Centre at

the University of Edinburgh

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what are computers used for?

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computational science

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theory experiment computer simulation

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why?

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what is the world’s yearly income?

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1 Aadel Abdali Afghanistan £873 2 Aamir Abdali Afghanistan £798 3 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 4 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 5 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 6 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 7 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 8 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 9 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 10 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............

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… further down

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5,303,422,761 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,303,422,762 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,303,422,763 Mark Henson UK £28,176 5,303,422,764 Mary Henson UK £37,866 5,303,422,765 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,303,422,766 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,303,422,767 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,303,422,768 David Henty UK £11,234 5,303,422,769 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,303,422,770 ……… ………….. …. …………

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… near the bottom

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1 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 2 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 3 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 4 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 5 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 6 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 7 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 8 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 9 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 10 …......... …………….. ……………………. ............ 5,342,564,831 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,832 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,833 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,834 Elisa Windsor UK £23,677 5,342,564,835 Elizabeth Windsor* UK £38,356,973 5,342,564,836 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,837 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,838 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,839 ……… ………….. …. ………… 5,342,564,840 ……… ………….. …. ………… (* The Queen)

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… the end

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6,999,999,991 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,992 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,993 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,994 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,995 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,996 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,997 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,998 ……… ………….. …………….. ………… 6,999,999,999 Zojj Zinyama Zimbabwe £3,564 7,000,000,000 Zuka Zinyama Zimbabwe £1,236

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computer program

set running total to zero start at top of list add income to total go to next item in list repeat if not at end of list

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print total

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how long does it take?

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Year Intel CPU Frequ- ency Operations per second Time per

  • peration

Time per loop Total time 1966 1971 1993 2012

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how long does it take?

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Year Intel CPU Frequ- ency Operations per second Time per

  • peration

Time per loop Total time 1966

Me 1 Hz 1 1 second 3 seconds 650 years

1971 1993 2012

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how long does it take?

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Year Intel CPU Frequ- ency Operations per second Time per

  • peration

Time per loop Total time 1966

Me 1 Hz 1 1 second 3 seconds 650 years

1971

i4004 100 KHz 100 thousand 10 micro- seconds (millionths of a second) 30 micro- seconds 2½ days

1993 2012

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how long does it take?

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Year Intel CPU Frequ- ency Operations per second Time per

  • peration

Time per loop Total time 1966

Me 1 Hz 1 1 second 3 seconds 650 years

1971

i4004 100 KHz 100 thousand 10 micro- seconds (millionths of a second) 30 micro- seconds 2½ days

1993

Pentium 60 MHz 60 million 17 nano- seconds 50 nano- seconds 6 minutes

2012

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how long does it take?

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Year Intel CPU Frequ- ency Operations per second Time per

  • peration

Time per loop Total time 1966

Me 1 Hz 1 1 second 3 seconds 650 years

1971

i4004 100 KHz 100 thousand 10 micro- seconds (millionths of a second) 30 micro- seconds 2½ days

1993

Pentium 60 MHz 60 million 17 nano- seconds 50 nano- seconds 6 minutes

2012

Core i7 3 GHz 3 billion 0.3 nano- seconds (billionths of a second) 1 nano- second 7 seconds

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how much faster?

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1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1 300

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how much faster?

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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1 300 30,000

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two thousand transistors (1971)

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Moore’s Law Number of transistors doubles every 2 years

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three million transistors (1993)

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100 million transistors (2004)

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200 million transistors (2006)

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dual-core processor same frequency = less power = less heat

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serial vs parallel computing

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serial ► adjective [attrib] Computing (of a processor) running only a single task. parallel processing ► noun [mass noun] Computing a mode of operation in which a process is split into many parts, which are executed simultaneously on different processors attached to the same computer.

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parallel computer program

if I am core 1: total1 = sum top half list if I am core 2: total2 = sum bottom half list

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total = total1 + total2 print total wait for both cores to finish

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four billion transistors (2012)

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32 cores “multicore”

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how much faster in parallel?

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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 300 120,000

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parallel supercomputers

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+ = fast + = super fast

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Cray XE6 run by EPCC at Edinburgh

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5632 CPUs 90,112 cores 90,112 GB 1 Megawatt very fast network

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Cray XC30 run by EPCC at Edinburgh

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9840 CPUs 118,080 cores 338,944 GB 1 Megawatt even faster network and CPUs

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parallel computer simulations

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universal experiment

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big bang: R.Cen & J. Ostriker, Illinois

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big bang: R.Cen & J. Ostriker, Illinois

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big bang: project stargate at SC’09

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big bang: project stargate at SC’09

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climate modelling: UCAR

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climate modelling: UCAR

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  • cean modelling: ECCO2 / NASA

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  • cean modelling: ECCO2 / NASA

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  • cean modelling: close up

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  • cean modelling: close up

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cell membranes: Science, 296:525-530, 2002

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cell membranes: Science, 296:525-530, 2002

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four legs or two? Dr Lee Margetts

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four legs or two? Dr Lee Margetts

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running hadrosaur

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running hadrosaur

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running hadrosaur

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hopping hadrosaur

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hopping hadrosaur

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california earthquake: argonne labs

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california earthquake: argonne labs

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flush: Barcelona Supercomputing Center

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flush: Barcelona Supercomputing Center

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supernova: Argonne National Labs

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supernova: Argonne National Labs

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hurricane katrina: satellite photos

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hurricane katrina: satellite photos

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katrina: NCAR computer simulation

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katrina: NCAR computer simulation

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fire simulation: FireGrid project

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fire simulation: FireGrid project

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MSc in High Performance Computing

  • The MSc in High

Performance Computing

– www.epcc.ed.ac.uk/msc

  • Find out more

– www.epcc.ed.ac.uk – www.archer.ac.uk – www.hector.ac.uk – d.henty@epcc.ed.ac.uk

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  • Scottish Scholarships

– www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/student- funding/postgraduate/uk-eu/university-scholarships/sfc-hsw

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acknowledgements

  • www.prace-ri.eu
  • Iakovos Panourgias of EPCC

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