Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop Wyndham Hotel, Houston, Texas September - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
sucker rod pumping workshop
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop Wyndham Hotel, Houston, Texas September - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 31, 2023 245 likes •738 views

Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop Wyndham Hotel, Houston, Texas September 11 14, 2007 Lubricant Selection Using Circumferential Displacement of Sucker Rods Erik Tietz, P.E. Arun Sriraman UPCO, Inc. Goals of this project Phase 1 - Testing

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop

Wyndham Hotel, Houston, Texas September 11 – 14, 2007

Lubricant Selection Using Circumferential Displacement of Sucker Rods

Erik Tietz, P.E. Arun Sriraman UPCO, Inc.

slide-2
SLIDE 2
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 2

Goals of this project

  • Phase 1 - Testing of lubricants.
  • Phase 2 - Verifying and reestablishing the API displacement values for D &

HS grade sucker rods.

  • Phase 3 – Analyzing the effect of applying lubricant on the face of coupling

and sucker rod.

  • Phase 4 – Studying the decay that might happen after the rod has been used on

multiple occasions.

slide-3
SLIDE 3
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 3

Synopsis of the paper 1) Why did UPCO decide to take on the testing of displacement? What are our goals? 2) Core Engineering concepts involved in this project. 3) The displacement testing. 4) What was measured during the test? 5) The eight critical parameters 6) The results of UPCO displacement testing.

Summary

slide-4
SLIDE 4
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 4

  • 1. Why did UPCO perform this project?
  • Customer feedback indicated failures due to lack of, loss of and over

displacement.

  • As a result of this, there were numerous questions which we at UPCO could

not answer with adequate proof.

  • Some of the questions which were raised and led us into this project are as

follows: – Were displacement values correct? – What affected these values? – What type of lubricant is the correct choice for sucker rod – coupling make up?

slide-5
SLIDE 5
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 5

  • 2. Core Engineering concepts involved in this project

The core engineering concepts used in this project are as follows:

  • A. Forces acting on a sucker rod coupling make up
  • B. Circumferential displacement
  • C. Stress
  • D. Strain (Shear & Normal Strain)
  • E. Modulus of Elasticity
slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 6

Forces acting in a sucker rod coupling make up

A A

A Normal Forces acting in a direction parallel to the axis of the rod body. Normal forces are a very desirable attribute in a sucker rod coupling make up process B Shear forces acting on the pin which is a detrimental attribute in a sucker rod coupling make up process.

B

slide-7
SLIDE 7
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 7

Circumferential Displacement

UPCO Minimum Displacement value UPCO Maximum Displacement value

Circumferential displacement: API states that circumferential displacement is the distance measured after makeup, between the displaced parts of a vertical line scribed across the external surfaces of the box and pin when they are in a shouldered hand tight relationship prior to makeup.

Hand tight level (No displacement)

slide-8
SLIDE 8
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 8

Stress

  • What is Stress?

Stress is the load applied per unit area of cross section. There are 2 types

  • f stress, namely normal and shear stress.
  • Stress = Load / Area of cross section
  • Example: The area of cross section for a ¾” sucker rod is 0.44 Sq.In
  • Units: PSI (Pounds per square inch)
slide-9
SLIDE 9
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 9

Strain

  • Strain is the elongation of the specimen when it is subjected to a load.
  • In our case, it will be the stretch of the sucker rod pin during the process of

make up.

  • Two types strain – Normal and Shear
  • Shear & Normal Strain can be measured by strain gauges.

Strain

slide-10
SLIDE 10
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 10

Strain Gauge

  • The pictures depicted below show examples of shear and normal strain

gauges (both positive and negative).

Shear Normal

slide-11
SLIDE 11
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 11

Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)

  • MOE = Stress / Strain (Elastic region of the curve)
  • Units = PSI

Plastic Region Elastic Region

slide-12
SLIDE 12
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 12

  • 3. Displacement testing

The test

  • The overall test can be broken down to four sub tests

a) Subtest 1: Testing of new rod and new coupling with new rod displacement values (maximum and minimum). b) Subtest 2: Testing of old rod and new coupling with re-run displacement values (maximum and minimum). c) Subtest 3: Testing of old rod and old coupling with re-run displacement values (maximum and minimum). d) Subtest 4: Testing of old rod and old coupling with re-run displacement values (maximum and minimum). Note: In subtest 4, after hitting the maximum mark and then relieved, the rod is made up until failure.

slide-13
SLIDE 13
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 13

Displacement Testing Machine (DTM)

Displacement testing machine – A brief overview

  • The machine can produce sufficient amount of torque to shear a 1 1/8 ” sucker

rod pin.

  • The gear ratio is slow enough to perform a test in 30 seconds.
  • It has a 1 HP DC drive with variable drive capability.
  • The machine is coupled with a data acquisition system which has the

capability to sample 10000 data points per second.

slide-14
SLIDE 14
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 14

A pictorial explanation of the DTM

Displacement Testing Machine (DTM)

slide-15
SLIDE 15
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 15

Samples for testing

Samples for testing

  • A total of 13 test were conducted. 12 lubricant tests and one no lube test.
  • The lubricant was applied only on the threads of the sucker rod. No lube on

the faces.

  • All sucker rod samples were ¾” CD with the same heat number.
  • All couplings were ¾” full size with same heat number.
slide-16
SLIDE 16
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 16

  • 4. What was measured directly from the test?
  • The three main measurements needed for this project were

– Torque applied – Shear Strain – Normal Strain

  • The torque applied (positive & negative) during the displacement process was

measured using a load cell with a 12” moment arm.

Load cell set up with a 12” moment arm for measuring the torque

slide-17
SLIDE 17
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 17

  • 5. The eight critical parameters
  • 1. Average Maximum Torque
  • 2. Total Energy Absorbed
  • 3. Overall minimum % of design yield
  • 4. Overall maximum % of design yield
  • 5. Overall maximum % of actual shear
  • 6. Overall difference index with torque
  • 7. Overall difference index without torque
  • 8. Overall relief index
slide-18
SLIDE 18
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 18

Sample graph with data

Normal force curve Shear force curve Torque curve

slide-19
SLIDE 19
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 19

Average Maximum Torque

  • This is the average maximum torque of all four tests on one sample.
  • The final result is the average for all samples of one type of lubricant.
  • The average maximum torque was rated as the smallest value being the best

and the largest value being the worst.

  • Units: ft-lb
slide-20
SLIDE 20
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 20

Average Maximum Torque

Average Maximum Torque

slide-21
SLIDE 21
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 21

Average Maximum Torque – Results Table

slide-22
SLIDE 22
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 22

Total amount of energy absorbed

  • This is the total amount of energy absorbed for all four tests on one sample.
  • This value includes the energy required for maximum displacement and it also

includes the energy to break the joint for all four tests.

  • The total amount of energy absorbed was rated as the smallest value being the

best and the largest value being the worst.

  • Units: ft-lb
slide-23
SLIDE 23
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 23

Total amount of energy absorbed

Total amount of energy absorbed = Difference in the numerical values between the two discrete points

slide-24
SLIDE 24
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 24

Total amount of energy absorbed – Results Table

slide-25
SLIDE 25
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 25

Overall Minimum % of Design Yield

  • This is the average normal stress in the stress relief at the minimum

displacement divided by API design stress (85000 PSI).

  • The overall minimum % of design yield was rated as the smallest value being

the worst and the largest value being the best. Note: Values above 100 % are unacceptable.

  • Units: %
slide-26
SLIDE 26
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 26

Overall Minimum % of Design Yield

Maximum value indicated in the region of the curve / 85000 PSI

slide-27
SLIDE 27
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 27

Overall Minimum % of Design Yield

slide-28
SLIDE 28
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 28

Overall Maximum % of Design Yield

  • This is the average normal stress in the stress relief at the maximum

displacement divided by API design stress (85000 PSI).

  • The overall maximum % of design yield was rated as the smallest value being

the worst and the largest value being the best. Note: Values above 100 % are unacceptable.

  • Units: %
slide-29
SLIDE 29
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 29

Overall Maximum % of Design Yield

Maximum value indicated in the region of the curve / 85000 PSI

slide-30
SLIDE 30
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 30

Overall Maximum % of Design Yield

slide-31
SLIDE 31
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 31

Overall Maximum % of Actual Shear

  • This is the average shear stress in the stress relief at the maximum

displacement with torque applied divided by the actual measured shear force.

  • The overall maximum % of actual shear was rated as the smallest value being

the best and the largest value being the worst.

  • Units: %
slide-32
SLIDE 32
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 32

Overall maximum % of Actual Shear

Maximum value indicated in the shear force curve / Shear Stress calculated by tensile test

Maximum Value indicated in the shear force curve / shear stress calculated by tensile test

slide-33
SLIDE 33
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 33

Overall maximum % of Actual Shear

slide-34
SLIDE 34
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 34

Overall Difference Index with Torque

  • This is the average difference between the normal and shear stress in the stress

relief at the maximum and minimum displacement positions with the torque applied.

  • The overall difference index with torque was rated as the smallest value being

the worst and the largest value being the best.

  • Units: PSI (Pounds per square inch)
slide-35
SLIDE 35
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 35

Overall Difference Index with Torque

A B C D

Average of (A-B) & (C-D)

A B D C

Average of (A-B) & (C-D)

slide-36
SLIDE 36
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 36

Overall Difference Index with Torque

slide-37
SLIDE 37
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 37

Overall Difference Index without Torque

  • This is the average difference between the normal and shear stress in the stress

relief at maximum and minimum displacement positions with the torque backed off to zero.

  • The overall difference index without torque was rated as the smallest value

being the worst and the largest value being the best.

  • Units: PSI
slide-38
SLIDE 38
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 38

Overall Difference Index without Torque

A B C D

Average of (A-B) & (C-D)

A B D C

Average of (A-B) & (C-D)

slide-39
SLIDE 39
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 39

Overall Difference Index without Torque

slide-40
SLIDE 40
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 40

Overall Relief Index

  • Overall relief index is the relative amount of relaxation the system undergoes

when the torque is released.

  • From our tests, it has been proven that this value represents a conversion of

shear stress to normal stress .

  • The overall relief index was rated as the smallest value being the worst and the

largest value being the best.

  • Units: PSI (Pounds per square inch)
slide-41
SLIDE 41
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 41

Overall Relief Index

A B D C

Overall relief index is the average of (A-B) & (C-D)

A B D C

Average of (A-B) & (C-D)

slide-42
SLIDE 42
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 42

Overall Relief Index

slide-43
SLIDE 43
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 43

  • 6. Results of UPCO Displacement Testing
  • The following graph shows the test data for ALB 2983
slide-44
SLIDE 44
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 44

Lube 12 – Medium performance lubricant

  • The following graph shows the test data for Lube 12 (medium performance

lubricant)

slide-45
SLIDE 45
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 45

Results of no lube test

  • The following graph shows the test data from dry face testing (no lube)
slide-46
SLIDE 46
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 46

Ranking & Final Results of lubricants

slide-47
SLIDE 47
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 47

The actual test results

  • Considering all the data and other critical factors, ALB 2983 showed the best

performance among all lubricants for Sucker rod – Coupling make up.

  • Any conclusions should be verified by field application or trials.
  • All test related data is available for further scrutiny.
slide-48
SLIDE 48
  • Sept. 11 - 14, 2007

2007 Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop 48

Disclaimer

The following disclaimer may be included as the last page of a Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Course. A similar disclaimer is included on the front page of the Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop Web Site.

The Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop Steering Committee Members, the Supporting Organizations and their companies, the author(s) of this Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Course, and their company(ies), provide this presentation and/or training at the Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop "as is" without any warranty of any kind, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information or the products or services referred to by any presenter (in so far as such warranties may be excluded under any relevant law) and these members and their companies will not be liable for unlawful actions and any losses or damage that may result from use of any presentation as a consequence of any inaccuracies in, or any

  • mission from, the information which therein may be contained.