State of the Art in ED-XRF What is it and what can it do? E NERGY D - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

State of the Art in ED-XRF

What is it and what can it do?

ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE 



 SPECTROMETRY

Analytical Methods in Gemmology

• IRS Infrared Spectroscopy
• FTIR Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy
• RS Raman Spectroscopy
• Luminescence (Laser, Electrons, Ions)
• UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy
• LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
• ED-XRF Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry
• EPMA Electron Probe Micro Analysis + WD-XRF
• SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy + ED-XRF
• PIXE Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry (CIBA National University Singapore)
• LA-ICP-MS Laser Ablation + Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrometry

Inorganic Atomic MS

What is XRF? 2 Methods: WD-XRF and ED-XRF

• Since 1950: WD-XRF
• Sequentiell high performance
• Sample preparation
• Change of gems colour
• Expensive > USD 200’000
• Since 1990 ED-XRF
• Simultaneously high performance
• absolutely non-destructive
• no sample preparation
• Low costs < USD 80’000

Skyray Instrument Headquarters in KSND Kunshan New Technology Area Shanghai

A good ED-XRF Spectrum is the Source of Excellent Data at AIGS

Detection limits of 5 ppm (0.0005 %) for Ga2O3 in Emerald are achieved by professional lab work operating the EDX-4500 and EDX-6000B

Learning by doing is good — but professional training is better

The Chemical Fingerprint in Ruby

Burma Mogok 08A 0.731ct 99.72 0.00 0.0020 0.0032 0.0033 0.0000 0.0283 0.0531 0.1906 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 08B 0.731ct 99.68 0.00 0.0069 0.0111 0.0029 0.0000 0.0220 0.0512 0.2253 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0044 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 07 0.790ct 99.46 0.00 0.0130 0.0285 0.1868 0.0000 0.1140 0.0590 0.1256 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0093 0.0000 Burma Mogok 06 0.853ct 99.82 0.00 0.0069 0.0143 0.0059 0.0000 0.0021 0.0405 0.1099 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 05 0.580ct 99.26 0.00 0.0184 0.0160 0.0068 0.0000 0.1361 0.0452 0.5116 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 04 0.685ct 99.45 0.00 0.0072 0.0137 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0205 0.5066 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 03 0.481ct 98.92 0.06 0.0028 0.0032 0.3946 0.0000 0.3053 0.0649 0.2411 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 02 0.385ct 98.35 0.00 0.0046 0.0045 0.0066 1.0917 0.0000 0.0246 0.5095 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 02 0.385ct 98.19 0.00 0.0616 0.0165 0.0068 1.1626 0.0327 0.0227 0.4996 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 01 0.609ct 98.74 0.00 0.0217 0.0107 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0626 1.0896 0.0702 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 10 0.363ct 99.23 0.00 0.0045 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0648 0.0000 0.2854 0.0000 0.4125 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 09 0.358ct 99.49 0.00 0.0033 0.0008 0.0082 0.0000 0.0052 0.0000 0.1719 0.0000 0.3207 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 08 0.439ct 99.22 0.00 0.0000 0.0002 0.0014 0.0000 0.0313 0.0000 0.3772 0.0000 0.3709 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 07 0.286ct 99.02 0.00 0.0041 0.0055 0.0028 0.0000 0.0577 0.0000 0.3316 0.0000 0.5794 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 05 0.202ct 99.04 0.00 0.0019 0.0003 0.0072 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4011 0.0000 0.5427 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 04 0.258ct 99.06 0.00 0.0055 0.0016 0.0102 0.0000 0.0231 0.0000 0.4936 0.0000 0.4078 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 03 0.257ct 99.28 0.00 0.0029 0.0006 0.0005 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.3488 0.0000 0.3610 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 02 0.278ct 98.87 0.00 0.0000 0.0002 0.0022 0.0000 0.0227 0.0000 0.2228 0.0000 0.3862 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0192 Thailand 01 0.257ct 99.20 0.00 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0486 0.0000 0.2658 0.0000 0.4755 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 10 0.234ct 99.31 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0000 0.0461 0.0554 0.5774 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 09 0.277ct 99.17 0.11 0.0056 0.0576 0.0174 0.0000 0.0230 0.0565 0.5452 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0051 0.0077 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 Africa 08A 0.224ct 99.28 0.00 0.0293 0.0498 0.0135 0.0000 0.0439 0.0677 0.5097 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0049 0.0017 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 Africa 08B 0.224ct 99.27 0.00 0.0024 0.0225 0.0090 0.0000 0.0306 0.1634 0.4931 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0048 0.0016 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 Africa 07 0.255ct 97.52 1.65 0.0000 0.0943 0.0364 0.0000 0.0572 0.0303 0.5937 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0054 0.0084 0.0043 0.0005 0.0000 Africa 06 0.246ct 99.14 0.00 0.1489 0.0671 0.0152 0.0000 0.0116 0.0101 0.5991 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0063 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 05 0.215ct 97.87 1.04 0.0102 0.0802 0.0605 0.0000 0.0513 0.0617 0.6219 0.0000 0.0222 0.0000 0.0045 0.0147 0.0000 0.1632 0.0000 Africa 04 0.246ct 96.26 2.34 0.1873 0.1412 0.1251 0.0000 0.0736 0.0603 0.6738 0.0000 0.0854 0.0000 0.0059 0.0083 0.0000 0.0391 0.0000 Africa 04 0.246ct 97.07 1.83 0.0059 0.0994 0.1014 0.0000 0.0785 0.0606 0.6518 0.0000 0.0721 0.0000 0.0049 0.0076 0.0005 0.0206 0.0000 Africa 03A 0.306ct 99.31 0.00 0.0623 0.0487 0.0054 0.0000 0.0203 0.0239 0.5235 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0051 0.0005 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 Africa 03B 0.306ct 99.40 0.00 0.0025 0.0241 0.0050 0.0000 0.0222 0.0235 0.5168 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0056 0.0002 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 Africa 02A 0.272ct 99.22 0.00 0.0163 0.0350 0.0136 0.0000 0.0721 0.0516 0.5712 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0051 0.0053 0.0000 0.0000 0.0111 Africa 02B 0.272ct 99.28 0.00 0.0027 0.0196 0.0118 0.0000 0.0747 0.0438 0.5504 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0046 0.0052 0.0000 0.0000 0.0050 Africa 02C 0.272ct 99.26 0.00 0.0070 0.0349 0.0154 0.0000 0.0708 0.0434 0.5536 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0052 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 Africa 01 0.277ct 98.88 0.25 0.0092 0.0709 0.0048 0.0000 0.0207 0.0121 0.5851 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0062 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 India 10 0.716ct 98.94 0.00 0.0043 0.0250 0.0035 0.0000 0.0222 0.0000 0.6656 0.0000 0.2711 0.0000 0.0034 0.0000 0.0000 0.0663 0.0022 India 09 0.607ct 98.42 0.00 0.0058 0.0182 0.0112 0.4619 0.0688 0.0000 0.8437 0.0219 0.1505 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0005 India 08 0.626ct 98.97 0.00 0.0021 0.0108 0.0073 0.0000 0.0099 0.0051 0.7430 0.0000 0.2479 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 India 07 0.592ct 98.61 0.00 0.0050 0.0100 0.0048 0.0000 0.2377 0.0000 0.9373 0.0195 0.1356 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0392 0.0005 India 06 0.537ct 97.58 0.00 0.0075 0.0216 0.0139 0.0000 1.3549 0.0000 0.8397 0.0053 0.1543 0.0000 0.0031 0.0000 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 India 05 0.555ct 98.88 0.00 0.0020 0.0119 0.0033 0.0000 0.0104 0.0000 0.9137 0.0248 0.1455 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0084 0.0005 India 04 0.554ct 97.35 0.00 0.0021 0.0196 0.0142 0.0000 1.0681 0.0000 0.5030 0.0000 0.1698 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.8752 0.0000

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How can we satisfy the gemologist-customer?

• Excellent spectrometers
• High precision
• High resolution
• Low detection limits
• Excellent data
• Easy handling
• Good service and support

High-Resolution ED-XRF Spectrum

Pink Spinel from Tajikistan—25 KV, 100 sec.

High Resolution ED-XRF Spectrum

Pink Spinel from Tajikistan—45 KV, 100 sec.

Excellent ED-XRF Data of Spinel

LOTUS Gemology Co Ltd. Bangkok

Sample Sampl Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 Cl K2O CaO TiO2 V2O3 Cr2O3 MnO Fe2O3 CoO NiO CuO ZnO Ga2O3 Pink-Burma-02PSP BU 0.00 22.62 75.09 0.41 0.0002 0.0000 0.0030 0.0137 0.0238 0.1161 0.2526 1.1136 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3240 0.0301 Pink-Burma-03PSP BU 0.00 21.16 77.01 0.32 0.0001 0.0000 0.0013 0.0057 0.0191 0.1448 0.1202 0.9780 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2086 0.0302 Pink-Burma-09PSP BU 0.00 21.18 76.70 0.34 0.0007 0.0000 0.0049 0.0090 0.0093 0.1122 0.2974 1.0979 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2249 0.0274 Pink-Burma-10PSP BU 0.00 23.08 75.63 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0072 0.0025 0.0000 0.0773 0.0533 0.6736 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0959 0.0195 Pink-Burma-11PSP BU 0.00 21.82 76.23 0.34 0.0012 0.0000 0.0356 0.0118 0.0097 0.0813 0.1300 1.0810 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1879 0.0267 Pink-Burma-12PSP BU 0.00 22.66 75.42 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0089 0.0021 0.0159 0.1123 0.1280 1.1055 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1469 0.0263 Red-Burma-01PSP BU 0.00 21.42 75.93 0.38 0.0000 0.0006 0.0207 0.0327 0.1690 0.2750 0.1857 1.1859 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3639 0.0321 Red-Burma-13PSP BU 0.00 22.35 75.37 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0047 0.1527 0.4782 0.2480 0.0358 0.3888 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5538 0.0287 Red-Burma-14PSP BU 0.00 22.24 74.61 0.79 0.0000 0.0000 0.3266 0.1935 0.4616 0.3031 0.0276 0.3280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6859 0.0294 Red-Burma-15PSP BU 0.00 21.82 75.80 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0356 0.3404 0.1034 0.1707 0.3801 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8230 0.0296 Red-Burma-16PSP BU 0.00 22.43 73.87 0.90 0.0000 0.0003 0.0346 0.0869 0.4496 0.3390 0.0263 1.1799 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6576 0.0259 Red-Burma-17PSP BU 0.00 22.67 75.40 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.0181 0.1562 0.3982 0.2062 0.0288 0.2308 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5763 0.0281 Red-Burma-18PSP BU 0.00 22.54 75.30 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0306 0.1317 0.4707 0.1966 0.0724 0.4749 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3362 0.0276 Red-Burma-19PSP BU 0.00 23.14 74.92 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0057 0.2774 0.7067 0.2660 0.0121 0.1375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1107 0.0170 Red-Burma-20PSP BU 0.00 22.29 75.64 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0031 0.3697 0.7712 0.1781 0.0000 0.1947 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1400 0.0223 Red-Burma-21PSP BU 0.00 22.00 76.49 0.59 0.0000 0.0000 0.0278 0.0027 0.0830 0.0768 0.0000 0.1211 0.0 0.0046 0.0 0.5851 0.0197 Violet-Burma-04PSP BU 0.00 21.39 76.53 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0528 0.0441 0.0755 0.0672 1.0785 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3657 0.0300 Violet-Burma-05PSP BU 0.00 21.77 76.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0063 0.0491 0.0525 0.0878 0.1199 1.2373 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1468 0.0246 Violet-Burma-06PSP BU 0.00 22.29 75.98 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034 0.1308 0.0442 0.0806 0.0305 0.8159 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2135 0.0258 Violet-Burma-07PSP BU 0.00 21.63 76.44 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0102 0.0147 0.0494 0.0518 0.0735 1.0059 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3240 0.0273 Violet-Burma-08PSP BU 0.00 22.31 76.36 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0084 0.0165 0.0456 0.0559 0.0000 0.7559 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0870 0.0245 Blue-Madagascar-23PSP MAB2 0.00 21.66 76.02 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0651 1.4673 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3661 0.0204 Violet-Madagascar-22PSP MA 0.00 22.58 75.60 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 0.0155 1.3387 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1255 0.0158 Pink-Tanzania-38PSP TAP3 0.00 22.06 72.22 3.03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0147 0.2343 0.3578 0.0000 0.2037 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8469 0.0295 Pink-Tanzania-38RSP TAP3 0.00 22.73 73.68 0.85 0.0019 0.0028 0.0310 0.0154 0.3050 0.2827 0.0122 0.2085 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8553 0.0304 Pink-Tanzania-39PSP TAP3 0.00 21.78 75.68 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0140 0.2113 0.3411 0.0215 0.5113 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9723 0.0278 Pink-Tanzania-39RSP TAP3 0.00 21.05 75.46 0.96 0.0032 0.0034 0.0207 0.0148 0.2382 0.3801 0.0314 0.6551 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1490 0.0284

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