Some DUNE Perspectives on Event Overlays Tom Junk LArSoft Overlay Workshop March 5, 2019
The Extremes of DUNE • One Far Detector module will be enormously larger than any LArTPC ever built. 30x ProtoDUNE-SP in size. • DUNE will be the farthest underground of any LArTPC • Physics program includes Supernova burst and Nucleon Decay studies • ProtoDUNE-SP is the largest monolithic single-phase LArTPC built to date. • One FD-SP module will have 384,000 channels. If we build four of these, it'll be 1.5M. Dual-phase will have fewer channels, but longer drift, and so data volume is similar per event. • The recommended Near Detector will have a pixel readout LArTPC and a pixel readout Gaseous Argon TPC, and a 3D scintillator tracker. LArTPC and GArTPC each have ~1M channels. • Intensity of neutrino beam à millions of ND events, many thousands of FD events (nue appearance is still rare – hundreds). • DUNE will run multiple decades • DUNE has over 1000 collaborators from a large number of countries 2 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Claims to [ Fame | Infamy ] • 35t was the noisiest large LArTPC. • ProtoDUNE-SP has the biggest space-charge effects of any LArTPC. • ProtoDUNE-DP will have even bigger space-charge effects • We are still uncertain about FD-DP space-charge effects. • Electronics effects in all of the detectors are nontrivial - saturation - sticky ADC codes - Timing skews 3 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Event Overlays in 35-ton • It's already been done! "low noise" state high noise state Some online monitor event displays s:n=2:1 in the induction planes on a good day 4 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
35-ton Data Overlays • Matt Thiesse's thesis: FERMILAB-THESIS-2017-32: -- measuring the electron lifetime in the 35-ton prototype • Matt had to use the data as the noise model - Noise was large - Changed by large amounts over time - Different channels/APA's had different amounts of noise - Noise affected his hit-finding efficiency and resolution, biasing purity mesurements - MC modeling of the signal wasn't all that great, either. But that's a smaller set of parameters to vary 5 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Hit Efficiency and Resolution Models M. Thiesse Done with overlaid MC signal on 35-ton Data noise 6 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Additional 35-ton Issues • DAQ was designed for continuous readout • Hardware bandwidth was insufficient (GBit links, not enough) • Expected with low noise (really high signal-to-noise), zero suppression and compression would let us save "all" the data. • Noise prohibited this. Firmware was also not developed in time, as developers knew ZS would likely not work (and could always be explored later in software) • But the readout and triggers were misaligned. Readout runs continuously, but only some blocks can be saved. • artdaq events had arbitrary boundaries with respect to the triggers, though the data were there, just sometimes on the next event • Offline, we had to trim the time windows, and stitch events together http://indico.fnal.gov/event/12068/session/1/contribution/9/material/slides/1.pdf • We wrote our own input source (T. Junk, K. Warburton, with help from M. Paterno and K. Knoepfel) 7 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Relevant for Supernova Burst Trigger • LArTPC's produce a continuous stream of data • We can only read out a subset of it • Supernova Burst Triggers want to read out a very long time (~30 seconds or more) • We will need to packetize the data somehow • Overlay schemes will have to think about this. • Need a sample of zero-bias data on which to overlay • Supernova burst triggers (most are fake) will be biased. • Overlaying a simulated SNB on top of zero-bias data will require a workflow that has more steps than reading all the data in, adding it, and processing it all in one art event-loop call. 8 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
ProtoDUNE-SP • Event overlays not yet performed (that I know of), but they are a natural way to control systematics • ProtoDUNE-SP MC uses CORSIKA to model cosmic rays. • Showering, hadronic interactions, and neutron production and interactions are all highly suspect. • Measuring interaction rates means we need detection efficiencies and resolutions. - Known beam particle species and momentum - Upstream material model not perfect - Some particles get lost on their way in to the detector, so the denominator of the efficiency may not be perfectly predictable. 9 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
ProtoDUNE-SP • We have plenty of beam-off data (between spills, interleaved with spill data). • Between-spill data lack halo muons however • MC needs to model space charge (and not noise!) before overlaying with data. • ProtoDUNE-SP data is not zero-suppressed, making life easier. 10 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
A Typical Beam Event in Protodune Many thanks to Chao Zhang and collaborators for a very nice event display! 7 GeV electron shower plus cosmic rays plus beam halo https://www.phy.bnl.gov/twister/bee/set/protodune-gallery/event/14/?camera.ortho=true 11 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
ProtoDUNE-SP Electronics Issues • Nonlinearity (differential and integral) • Saturation - Front-End - ADC - Ledge Effect (front-end) • Undershoot • Long-range induction effects • Coherent Noise and removal algorithm • Sticky ADC codes • Dead and noisy channels 12 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Matt Worcester Talk @ DRA meeting 13 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Sticky Codes Example from FEMB 302 David Adams, talk at the ProtoDUNE DRA meeting 14 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Saturation and Ledge Effect And Undershoot D. Adams's Raw Event Display 15 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Saturation and Ledge Pulse with Still alive Large Charge over here Short time Exponential, low RMS channel blind to new charge Less common in induction planes Recovery but we see it there too 16 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
A Big Shower Showing Long-Range Induction Effects Collection V U 17 1/31/19 Tom Junk | Interplane Induction
Undershoot (and correction) 100 q [ADC] 80 60 40 20 0 - 20 - 40 - 60 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 t [ticks] This is all linear, so no big deal (except T. Junk, DUNE DocDB 11662 for saturation cases) 18 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Undershoot (and correction) q [ADC] 60 40 20 0 - 20 - 40 - 60 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Example where event started during the recovery from undershoot. t [ticks] Correct the data first then overlay? Or overlay and correct? What about adding data to data? 19 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Ajib Paudel's Median dQ/dx Z plane (y,z) Beam Right APA 2 APA 1 APA 3 And similarly for APA's 4, 6, and 5 20 1/31/19 Tom Junk | Interplane Induction
Temporal Variation Ajib gave me two sets of histograms from different runs, and they all looked similar in shape (some scale offsets however) except for this one. Could be field cage charging. Run 5460 and others Run 5387 21 1/31/19 Tom Junk | Interplane Induction
ProtoDUNE-DP Electronics • High gain expected at the LEM (up to 180 seen in prototypes) • Protect against saturation while keeping resolution for small signals: double-slope gain (deliberately nonlinear response function!) WA105 TDR L. Agostino et al., https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.4405 CERN-SPSC-2014-013; SPSC-TDR-004 22 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Nonlinear Response • Deconvolution is a linear operator on the data • Need to adjust the input data to a linear scale before deconvolving or adding other signals to it • Re-apply amplifier model after signal superposition 23 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Unipolar Signals on Induction-Plane Wires V Tick Bipolar Unipolar Wire Bipolar V waveforms Signal processing will have to cope with some unusual waveforms as tracks cross through the wire Unipolar V waveforms planes. "Backwards" Z drift Z V U G M 24 Sept 25, 2018 Tom Junk | ProtoDUNE-SP Data
Signal Response Nonuniformities • A mixture of space charge, field-cage nonuniformity, and APA construction/transparency issues. Electron diverters • These are features of the data and not (yet) of the MC. Overlay MC without these features and a CVN may key on them instead of the physics it's supposed to. 25 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Alex Radovic, Fermilab Machine Learning Group mtg, Jul 2017 26 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Alex Radovic, Fermilab Machine Learning Group mtg, Jul 2017 27 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Alex Radovic, Fermilab Machine Learning Group mtg, Jul 2017 28 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Alex Radovic, Fermilab Machine Learning Group mtg, Jul 2017 29 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
30 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
Zero Suppression: Regions of Interest Jonathan Insler, 35ton MC. LBNE DocDB 11053 Front Porch Back Porch: ticks before and after threshold saved to catch sub-threshold behavior and help deconvolution DAQ group balks at "side" porches 31 Mar 4, 2019 T. Junk | DUNE Overlays
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