Solar Combi Systems Trans-solar Workshop Bulgaria, Sofia Ioannis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Solar Combi Systems Trans-solar Workshop Bulgaria, Sofia Ioannis Santzaklis Mechanical Engineer & Dimitrios Chasapis R.E.S. Systems Technology Engineer ΚΑΠΕ Τομέας Θερμικών Ηλιακών Συστημάτων

Solar Thermal Collectors Solar Thermal Collectors Flat Plate Vacuum Tube Unglazed

Plastic Absorber – – Unglazed Collector Unglazed Collector Plastic Absorber Inlet/Outlet Header Temperature sensor Spacer Absorber tube Cap

Flat Plate Collector Flat Plate Collector Tr Transparent ansparent Cover over Header Header Absorbe Abso rber Insulation Insulation Tube with heat tr be with heat transfer fluid ansfer fluid Section of flat plate collector Fr Frame of the collector ame of the collector

Flat Plate Collector Flat Plate Collector Aluminium Absorber Aluminium absorber with pressed cooper tubes Pressed tubes between 2 metal sheet Tubes welded on metal sheet

Flat Plate Collector Flat Plate Collector Absorber with serpentine tube (All surface cover) Absorber with linear Absorber with linear tubes tubes (2 flows) (All surface cover)

Flat plate Collector Flat plate Collector – – Losses Losses Radiation Losses (Absorber) Reflection & Conduction Losses (Absorber) Reflection Losses (Glass) Conduction loses Incident Solar Radiation from back and frames Thermal losses from flat plate collector

Selective surface Selective surface

Selective surface Selective surface Source:Vaillant

Vacuum tube collector Vacuum tube collector

Vacuum tube collectors Vacuum tube collectors

Concentrated Parabolic Collector - Concentrated Parabolic Collector - CPC CPC Inlet External glass tube Heat transfer sheet Outlet Internal glass with absorber Reflector Vacuum chamber

Solar collector characteristics Solar collector characteristics Performance Collector Type Price Typical use (kWh/m²/year) Unglazed Low 300 Pool heating Flat plate Mid 650 Pool heating, DHW (Black paint) Flat plate DHW, Space heating, Air Mid 700 (Selective absorber) conditioning Space heating, Air Vacuum tubes collector Hi 850 conditioning

Solar Key Mark Solar Key Mark Way to guarantee the collector efficiency -Randomly choose of the collector (Produce line or stored) -Pass all the tests according to EN 12975/12976 -ISO certified production line -Yearly inspection of the production line. -Reinspection of the product every 2 years.

Domestic hot water heating Domestic hot water heating DHW heating system DHW heating system

Thermal solar systems Thermal solar systems Thermosifonic Thermosifonic Ζεστό Νερό Hot water Hot water Ζεστό Νερό Hot water Hot water Κρύο Νερό Cold water Cold water Κρύο Νερό Cold water Cold water Εναλλάκτης Heat Heat Θερμότητας Exchanger Exchanger Ανοιχτού κυκλώματος Κλειστού κυκλώματος OPEN CIRCUIT OPEN CIRCUIT CLOSED CIRCUIT CLOSED CIRCUIT Πηγή : Ambiente Italia Source:Target/DGS

Thermal Soar Systems Thermal Soar Systems Forced circulation Forced circulation Source:IfaS

Combi Systems Combi Systems – Operational ways – Operational ways, , characteristics characteristics and examples. and examples.

“Combi” Systems “Combi” Systems General description General description “Solar combisystems” or “combi”: Solar thermal systems used for DHW and space heating. 10 basic variations (International Energy Agency –IEA, Solar Combisystems, Solar Heating & Cooling Programme, Task 26).

“Combi” Systems “Combi” Systems Properties Properties • High energy savings: – Introduction Solar technology in space heating • Cost comparable with central solar systems. • Possibility to combine with solar air condition units.

“Combi” systems “Combi” systems Advantages Advantages • Use at: – Homes – Hotels, Hospitals e.t.c. – Industry • Already penetrated in European market • Ability to cover high thermal load: – 30-50% only from sun – 100% (Combine with biomass) Πηγή : Sonnenkraft

Advanced market “Combi” “Combi” Advanced market 1997 solar collector market in DE, AT 500000 2 ) 400000 Collector area (m 300000 Combi Solar DHW 200000 100000 0 DE AT

Combi Systems Combi Systems Schematic diagram of a combi system of a combi system for space heating, DHW and pool heating. for space heating, DHW and pool heating. Schematic diagram

Combi System Combi System Schematic diagram of a combi system of a combi system for DHW and space heating for DHW and space heating Schematic diagram

Combi Systems – – tank in tank tank in tank Combi Systems Mixed balbe balbe Mixed Solar Solar Hot Hot Auxiliary energy Auxiliary energy Collectors Collectors water water source source Inlet Inlet Mixed balbe balbe Mixed Cold water Cold water Outlet Outlet Space heating Space heating st circulation 1 st 1 circulation Pump Pump

“Combi” systems “Combi” systems Dimensioning Dimensioning • Domestic Consumption (at 45°C): – Low Consumption: 20 - 30 l /person/day – Mid Consumption: 30 - 50 l /person/day – High Consumption : 50 - 70 l /person/day – Washing Machine: 20-40 l / washing – Dishwasher: 20 l / washing – Example house with 4 persons total 4*40 = 160 l /day • Storage tank for DHW = 0,7 - 1,5 x water requirement 120-240lt storage tank • Daily energetic load: – Ε = m x cp x ( ΔΤ ) => – Ε = 160 l x 1,16 Wh/ (l K) x (45-15)K => – E = 5.6 kWh • Add energy required for space heating (about 70kWh/100m²)* coverage factor – E=70*0.4+5.6=33.6kWh Πηγή : Sonnenkraft • Collector output: 1kWh/m² so 33.6/1=33.6m² collector area • Space Heating Storage 40lt/m² collector = 1350lt

The installation of “SOLLET” “SOLLET” project at project at C.R.E.S C.R.E.S The installation of Storage tank, 500lt Collector area, 13.5m 2 Heated Offices, 60m 2 Biomass burner, 35kW

Schematic diagram of the project Schematic diagram of the project

European project SOLLET SOLLET ( (2 2) ): : European project Germany, House, , Dormagen Dormagen Germany, House Σόμπα με pellets Solar Collectors - - Heating area Heating area 4 0 0 m 4 0 0 m ² ² - - Pellet P ellet s burner s burner 1 0 KW 1 0 KW w ith heat exchanger w ith heat exchanger air air/ / w ater w ater - - Fire place Fire place 1 0 KW 1 0 KW w ith air w ith air/ / w ater w ater heat exchanger heat exchanger - - 1 0 5 m ² 1 0 5 m ² collector area. collector area. - - W ater tank W ater tank 3 0 0 0 l 3 0 0 0 l - - Auxiliary heating system w ith natural gas. Auxiliary heating system w ith natural gas. Backup fire place

European project SOLLET SOLLET (3) (3): : European project Germany, House, , Cologne Cologne Germany, House - - Heating area Heating area 1 1 4 0 m 4 0 m ² ² - - P Pellet ellet s burner s burner 1 0 KW 1 0 KW w ith heat exchanger w ith heat exchanger air air/ / w ater w ater - - 2 8 2 8 m m ² ² collector area collector area - - W ater tank W ater tank 1 1 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 l Pellet Burner Solar collectors

Combi : : Home Home (FR) (FR) Combi Source: IEA Task 26

Combi : : Apartments Apartments ( ( ΑΤ ΑΤ ) ) Combi Source: GSWB

Combi : : Apartments Apartments – – Solar village Solar village (GR) (GR) Combi

Ready Made Systems Ready Made Systems Καυστήρας Pellet Source: Buderus

Compact Systems: Compact Systems: Plug n’ play Plug n’ play Dim ensions ( ( L Lx x W W x x H H ) ) Dim ensions 1 0 ,5 m x 2 ,5 m x 2 ,6 m 1 0 ,5 m x 2 ,5 m x 2 ,6 m 2 4 m m ² ² collector area collector area 2 4 3 0 - - 1 5 0 kW 1 5 0 kW pellet burner pellet burner 3 0

Compact systems: Compact systems: Plug n’ play Plug n’ play

General Observations General Observations • Solar heating systems can be combined with conventional space heating systems – Integration with already installed systems. • Combination with solar chillers to cover cooling loads (Use of excess energy). • Cost: ≈ 400€/m² • Collector area: 28% of the heated area for 40% load coverage (ex. 28m² flat plate collectors for 100m² house). • Hot water Storage Volume: 10x heated area (1000lt tank for 100m² house) • Must give emphasis at planning. ex. Dimensioning of expansion tank of solar circuit. (stagnation temperatures).