Social Psychology Chapter 12 Procrastination Avoids anxiety - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Social Psychology Chapter 12 Procrastination Avoids anxiety aroused by tough task with activities aimed at repairing mood i.e., checking Facebook, taking a nap = feel worse later attempts at mood repair sabotage effort
at repairing mood – i.e., checking Facebook, taking a nap = feel worse later – attempts at mood repair sabotage effort
20% of adults claim to be procrastinators; 70% of students Predicts:
Lower salaries Higher likelihood of unemployment Failing to save for retirement Neglecting preventive healthcare
Men are worse than women – tendency to complete fewer
years of education
control – emotion is at core
Attitudes – feelings based on beliefs
Central-route processing Peripheral-route processing
Social cognitions – understanding others Schemas – organizing framework Impression formation – expectations Attribution process - causes
Halo effect Assumed-similarity bias Self-serving bias Fundamental attribution error Cultural context
Modify
Change importance of cognition Add a cognition Deny
Individual’s response public vs. private Kind of task – ambiguous vs. clear Unanimity – support of even one person Gender differences
Obedience
Social facilitation Social loafing Deindividuation Group polarization Groupthink Affiliation
Social roots Emotional roots Cognitive roots
You’ve got to be taught from year to year It’s got to be drummed in your dear little ear. You’ve got to be carefully taught.
Of people whose eyes are oddly made, And people whose skin is a diff’rent shade, You’ve got to be carefully taught.
Before you are six or seven or eight, To hate all the people your relatives hate, You’ve got to be taught. Lyrics from “South Pacific”
Genetic / Neural / Biochemical
Reactive / Instrumental
Frustration – aggression Observational learning – Video games
Passionate Companionate
Assessing relationship
Two common reasons for
Diffusion of
Attitudes; central-route processing, schemas, halo effect, compliance, social loafing deindividuation; groupthink, etc.
– Fundamental attribution error – Attitudes and actions – Cognitive dissonance
conformity, compliance, obedience, bigotry, group, etc.
attraction; altruism; mirror- image perception; peace
Single motherhood and low social mobility High school dropout rates and low social
Level of education and income level over
Poverty and low education level and teenage
Poor sex education in schools and high
36% of births were to unmarried women – up 80%
since 1980
Majority of high school dropouts having babies are
unmarried; only 9% of college graduates are
Two-thirds of black women giving birth are unmarried;
just more than a quarter of white women are unmarried
Percentage of births to single mothers has been rising
steadily in U.S. – and other countries also
Four out of five teenage pregnancies unintended (80%)
schools reduced teen births by half
Average age of women at first birth in U.S. is 25.8