SNC 1D Chemistry
Particle Theory and Types of Matter l Learning Goals: l Success Criteria: l By the end of the class l By the end of the class I will be able to list the I will be successful if I main ideas of the can list the 5 main particle theory. ideas of particle theory. l By the end of the class l By the end of the class I will be able to identify I will be successful if I the difference between can correctly identify pure substances, substances as pure, mixtures, and mixture, or solution. solutions.
Matter Anything that has a mass and takes up space
Particle Theory Particle Theory: a theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter. There are 5 main ideas of the particle theory.
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them.
2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles.
3. Particles are in constant random motion.
4. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases.
5. Particles attract each other.
Particle Theory Video
Types of Matter Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substance: a substance that is made up of only one type of particle.
Mixture: a substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles.
Mechanical mixture: a mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter.
Solution: a uniform mixture of two or more substances.
Alloy: a solid solution of two or more metals.
Matter anything that has a mass and takes up space combine to form Mixtures Pure Substance � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� 2 + types of � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� ���� 1 type of particle ��� particles ��� Element Compound Solutions Mechanical Mixtures made up of 2+ made up of A"uniform"mixture"of"two" different atoms A"mixture"in"which"you" identical atoms or"more"substances,"looks" can"distinguish"between" chemically like"a"pure"substance. different"types"of"matter bound ��� ��� Alloy a"solid"solution"of"2+" metals
Matter anything that has a mass and takes up space combine to form Mixtures Pure Substance � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� 2 + types of � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� ���� 1 type of particle ��� particles ��� TRICK** Element Compound Solution or Mechanical Solutions Mechanical Mixtures made up of 2+ made up of Mixtures? A"uniform"mixture"of"two" different atoms A"mixture"in"which"you" identical atoms If Gas/Liquid is opaque or"more"substances,"looks" can"distinguish"between" chemically or murky = Mechanical like"a"pure"substance. different"types"of"matter bound Mixture ��� ��� Alloy a"solid"solution"of"2+" metals
Side note : Solution: Salt water Solvent: substance that dissolves another substance; water. Solute: the substance that is dissolved; salt
Mixture Heterogeneous: "different kind" Homogeneous: "same kind" consists of 2+ substances . It is consists of 2+ substances . It is uniform and the different non-uniform and the different components of the mixture can components of the mixture can be be seen seen ex: ex:
Physical Properties
Physical Properties: A characteristic that can be determined without changing the composition of the substance.
Qualitative Properties l Properties of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value.
Qualitative Properties l Colour l Odour l Taste l Texture l Shape
Qualitative Properties
Quantitative Properties l Properties of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value.
Quantitative Properties l Lustre Hardness l Optical Clarity Malleability l Viscosity Ductility l Brittleness Electrical Conductivity
Quantitative Properties
Characteristic Physical Properties l A physical property that is unique to a substance and can be used identify the substance.
Characteristic Physical Properties l Density l Melting point l Freezing point l Boiling point
Characteristic Physical Properties
Physical Change l A change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced.
Physical Change l Change of state l Melting, freezing, boiling l Changing size l AND DISSOLVING
Bell Work: Physical Characteristics Define the following terms: • -Freezing Point (abbreviated to FP) • -Melting Point (abbreviated to MP) • -Boiling Point (abbreviated to BP) • Why is the importance to know the FP/MP and BP of a substance?
Test Tuesday September 29 �
Density For Full Communication Marks … Sample Problem: Calculate the density of a metal sample that is 18.00 cm long, 9.21 cm wide and 4.45 cm high and that has a mass of 14.25 kg. What is the identity of the metal? Give: l= 18.00 cm h= 4.45 cm w= 9.21 cm m= 14.25 kg Required: density of metal (d) Solution: V = l*w*h = 18.00 cm * 9.21 cm * 4.45 cm = 738 cm 3 m = 14.25 kg =14250 g d = m/v = 14250 g/738 cm 3 = 19.3 g/cm 3 Statement: The density of the metal is 19.3g/cm 3 . This metal is gold.
Chemical Properties & Changes
Chemical Properties: A characteristic of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed and one or more new substances is created
Fireworks l Fireworks contain ingredients such as metal flakes, fuel and a bursting charge l These substances react together to produce new substances, some of which are visible in the smoke l The entire reaction produces a great deal of energy; which appears in the form of light, sound, thermal energy and high-speed motion high into the sky
Advantages of Chemical Properties In our daily lives we mix different substances together to create products that we want Examples: Baking soda causes a cake to rise Bacterial cultures turn milk into cheese Chemicals clean our jewellery
Chemical Changes l A change in the starting substance and the production of one or more new substances
What do you think are examples of chemical changes?
Types of Chemical Changes l Change of colour – a new substance has formed that has a different colour than the original substance
A change of odour – a new substance has formed that has a detectable odour
Bubbles are visible that are not caused by heating – a new substance is produced in the form of a gas
A new solid is seen – a new substance that is produced does not dissolve in the mixture and shows up as a solid The solids that are formed in this way are often powdery and are called precipitates
A change in temperature or light – energy is released or absorbed during the chemical change, and is detected as a change in temperature or light
Endothermic Vs. Exothermic Rxh Exothermic: exo~ “exit” thermic ~“hot” - - Heat Releasing Endothermic: endo~ “within” thermic ~“hot” • - Heat Absorbing
Demonstration Before: - Describe the physical properties of the materials. Separate each property in a chart as either qualitative or quantitative. After: • Describe the physical properties after the change. • Is the a physical or chemical change? • Is this an example of an endothermic or exothermic reaction
Changing States -Melting ice: endothermic or exothermic? -Freezing ice: endothermic or exothermic?
Unusual Behaviour of Water - Density of Ice < Density of Water
Unusual Behaviour of Water - Density of Ice < Density of Water
Pros and Cons of Water’s Unusual Characteristic Physical Properties Pros: Cons:
Pros and Cons of Water’s Unusual Characteristic Physical Properties Pros: - Allows aquatic life to survive Cons: - Potential for pipes to burst - Cannot freeze water in a glass
Salt and Ice - Adding salt to water alters the characteristic physical properties. - When do we take advantage of this? Brainstorm possible alternatives
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