Smartphone Chemistry : Tin (Sn) Jason Park [Advanced Chemistry] - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Smartphone Chemistry : Tin (Sn)

– Jason Park [Advanced Chemistry]

Characteristics of Tin

• Post-transition Metal

○ Low Melting Point ■ 231.93 ℃ ○ Highly Malleable ○ High Ductility ■ Solder wire

• Electrical Conductivity

○ Bonding

Tin Solder

Solder used in electronics

Tin Production

• Total Tin Production, 2017

○ ~ 281,800 tonnes

• ~0.66g Sn per iPhone
• iPhones sold in 2017

○ 216.76 million

• ~315,397 lbs of Sn

Small-Scale Tin Mining

Tin mine in Bangka, Indonesia reshapes geography, including forests and farmland

• Health Risks

○ Respiratory disease ○ Poor workspace ○ Unsafe

• Water Pollution

○ Silt ○ Coral and marine life

• Deforestation

○ Forests ○ farmland

Environmental Issues

Waste from the tin mines are dumped into the

• cean, coastal areas of Bangka, Indonesia

Workers from the tin mines of Indonesia, one

• f the largest tin exporters in the world

Potential Replacements

• Epoxy resins

○ Only for places that do not require electrical conductivity ○ “Gluing” purposes

• “Potentially” Irreplaceable

○ Electrical conductivity ■ Metals ■ Easy to form and melt

References

https://www.internationaltin.org/reports/tin-for-the-future-introduction-to-the-tin-market- and-the-international-tin-association/ https://goodelectronics.org/mining-for-smartphones-the-true-cost-of-tin-damage-to- forests-and-coral/ https://friendsoftheearth.uk/sites/default/files/downloads/tin_mining.pdf https://www.reichelt.com/magazin/en/2016/10/10/soldering/

Dragonfly Initiative "Material Change" report