Smarter Electric Power Grid Smarter Electric Power Grid Mehdi - - PDF document

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Smarter Electric Power Grid Smarter Electric Power Grid Mehdi - - PDF document

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Smarter Electric Power Grid Smarter Electric Power Grid Mehdi Etezadi-Amoli, PhD. PE Mehdi Etezadi Amoli, PhD. PE Professor and Chair Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Presented

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Smarter Electric Power Grid Smarter Electric Power Grid

Mehdi Etezadi-Amoli, PhD. PE Mehdi Etezadi Amoli, PhD. PE Professor and Chair Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering

Presented at the SPGTC 12 2011 May 12, 2011 Biltmore Hotel and Suites, Santa Clara, California

Overview

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Overview

‐ Electric Power System ‐ Past Past ‐ Present ‐ Smart Grid Definition ‐ Policy and Vision by DOE Policy and Vision by DOE ‐ Tomorrow’s Electric Power System ‐ Some Challenges

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Electric Power System: Past Electric Power System: Past

  • Various systems

Various systems throughout the country without tie lines without tie lines.

  • Extra capacity for

seasonal loads seasonal loads

  • Inefficient use of the

i f ili generation facility

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Electric Power System: Present Electric Power System: Present

  • Highly interconnected utilities
  • Highly interconnected utilities

throughout North America

  • Truly a large scale system

A l i t i l d d t il

  • Analysis must include details

for various power companies p p

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SLIDE 3

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Electric Power System: Present Electric Power System: Present

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Today’s Grid Technologies in Today’s Grid

Transmission Transmission

  • High speed intelligent protective devices
  • Single pole tripping

Single pole tripping

  • Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

systems systems Distribution

  • High speed relays
  • High speed relays
  • Intelligent reclosing operation
  • SCADA systems
  • SCADA systems

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SLIDE 4

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

Generators Generators

  • Large, three phase synchronous machines
  • Example of a large machine:

Example of a large machine:

– Palo Verde Nuclear Plant:

  • Three units each rated at 1559 MVA
  • Cost: Approximately $10B in 1983
  • Planning and completion time: Over 10 years

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

Generator characteristics Generator characteristics

Frequency Versus Time-To-Damage For A Steam Turbine (G.E.) TIME Turbine OFF-Frequency Limits

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SLIDE 5

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

Generator Generator

G2 High Voltage Line G1 G3 Gn High Voltage Line Gn

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

Generator Generator

G2 G1 G2 G3 High Voltage Line 1 Hi h V lt Li 2 Gn High Voltage Line 2

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today s Grid (cont d)

Transmission Line Thermal Capacity

  • 500 KV: 2000 MW

500 KV: 2000 MW

  • 345 KV: 1000 MW
  • 230 KV: 500 MW
  • 230 KV: 500 MW

Cost Cost Approximately $1,000,000/Mile

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

Generator Generator

  • Over frequency protection
  • Under frequency protection
  • What happens when a plant is tripped?
  • What happens when a plant is tripped?

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SLIDE 7

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

Golden Rule for a Power Company: Golden Rule for a Power Company:

THOU SHALL NOT OU S NO CAUSE A SYSTEM BLACKOUT

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d)

  • Under frequency load shedding (UFLS)
  • Under frequency load shedding (UFLS)
  • UFLS scheme for NV Energy

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Last Major Outage in North America

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Last Major Outage in North America

Northeast Blackout 2003

  • Caused by

miscommunication miscommunication between operators

  • 50 million people lost

50 million people lost power

  • Contributed to 11 deaths
  • Cost $6 billion
  • Power outage lasted ~6

hours.

Source: Scientific American

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Smart Grid Definition

“An intelligent electric power delivery infrastructure

Smart Grid Definition

An intelligent electric power delivery infrastructure (Intelligent Grid) that integrates advances in communications, computing, and electronics to meet society’s electric service needs in the future.”

  • Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Sept 2006

Smart grid applications:

  • Transmission
  • Distribution
  • Electrical machines/power electronic systems

S t id bj ti i t k th ti Smart grid

  • bjective

is to make the

  • peration,

monitoring and control of each “smarter” than it is now.

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Vi i f th “S t G id” b DOE Vision of the “Smart Grid” by DOE

  • Enabling informed participation by customers
  • Accommodating All Generation and Storage Options
  • Enabling New Products, Services and Markets

P idi th P Q lit F th 21st C t

  • Providing the Power Quality For the 21st Century
  • Optimizing Asset Utilization and Operating Efficiency
  • Operating Resiliently Against Attacks and Natural Disasters (“Self-healing”)

Source: DOE Smart Grid Implementation Workshop June 2008 17

Statement of Smart Grid Policy

“It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization p y pp

  • f the Nation's electricity transmission and distribution system to

maintain a reliable and secure electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth.” Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Title 13

“…updating the way we get our electricity by starting to build a new smart grid that

  • Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, Title 13

y g g will save us money, protect our power sources from blackout or attack, and deliver clean, alternative forms of energy for every corner of our nation ” for every corner of our nation. President-elect Obama, 8 Jan 09

M F di Measure Funding Modernization of the nation’s electricity grid $4.5 B Electricity transmission systems investment $6.5 B Extend broadband internet $5 6 B Extend broadband internet $5.6 B Loan guarantees for renewable energy systems and electric transmission projects R&D in "cutting edge technologies” $8.0 B $10 B

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Smart Grid Technology Areas

  • 1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
  • Smart Meters
  • 3. Advanced Transmission Operations (ATO)

Smart Grid Technology Areas

  • Smart Meters
  • Two-way Communications
  • Consumer Portal
  • Home Area Network
  • Meter Data Management
  • Substation Automation
  • Geographical Information System for Transmission
  • Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)

Meter Data Management

  • Demand Response
  • Hi-speed information processing
  • Advanced protection and control
  • Modeling simulation and visualization tools
  • 2. Advanced Distribution Operations

(ADO)

  • Distribution Management System with

Modeling, simulation and visualization tools

  • 4. Advanced Asset Management (AAM)
  • Advanced sensors
  • Distribution Management System with

advanced sensors

  • Advanced Outage Management (“real-time”)

DER O ti

  • Integration of real time information with other

processes

  • DER Operations
  • Distribution Automation

Source: NETL Modern Grid Strategy 19

smart technologies today

Source: GE Energy 20

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Two-way Flow of Information

  • AMI (Advanced Metering

y

Infrastructure)

  • PEM (Personal Energy

( gy Management)

Added green power sources Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles Customer interaction with utility High-speed, networked connections

Source: BP Energy Smart Power, Solution: Smart Grid

Real-time and green pricing signal Smart thermostats, appliances, and in- home control devices with utility

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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Two ways to integrate an electric vehicle into the electric grid:

g y

  • The old way: the car starts recharging at maximum power as soon as it is plugged in.
  • The smart way: the car interacts with the electric grid as it makes sense in a given situation.

Source: www.smartgridvehicle.org/ 22

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Smart Grid Benefits

Demand Management

  • Better demand control = reduced

generation reserve requirement

  • Control demand to match supply
  • Pricing based on real-time market

Renewables Management

  • Shape load to generation
  • Manage intermittency
  • Maximize renewables
  • Supply-based pricing

Asset Management

  • Improve field efficiency

l i l Supply based pricing

  • Real-time asset status & control
  • Expanded reliability
  • Extended asset life

Customer-Enabled Management

  • Automatic control of electronic

devices

  • Real-time pricing

N i d d

  • New services and products
  • Enable customer choice

Source:www.xcelenergy.com/smartgridcity 23

Smart Grid Challenges

  • Cost of smart grid implementation
  • Smart meter installation
  • D

i i i i

  • Dynamic pricing issues
  • Intermittency of Renewable energy

y gy

  • Transmission of renewable energy
  • Renewable energy smoothing
  • Cyber security

Source: GE Energy 24

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Cyber Security Cyber Security

P k 18kW

Oven Preheating

Peak = 7.18kW Mean = 0.49 kW Daily load factor = 0.07 Energy Consumption = 11.8kWh

Oven Cycling

Washing Toaster

W

Kettle Kettle Washing Machine

Power, kW

Refrigerator Source: IEEE Spectrum

Time of day, h

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Cyber Security (cont’d) Cyber Security (cont’d)

Concerns: Concerns:

  • Worried customer electricity “fingerprint”

(usage profile) will not be kept confidential (usage profile) will not be kept confidential

  • Ability for hackers to take control of in home

li appliances

  • Use of load habits to be used as marketing

schemes.

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

Cyber Security (cont’d) Cyber Security (cont’d)

Who wants smart meter data? How could the data be used? data? Utilities To monitor electricity usage and load; to determine bills Electricity usage advisory companies To promote energy conservation and awareness Insurance companies To determine health care premiums based

  • n unusual behaviors that might indicate

illness Marketers To profile customers for targeted advertisements Law enforcers To identify suspicious or illegal activity Civil litigators To identify property boundaries and activities on premises Landlords To verify lease compliance Private investigators To monitor specific events The press To get information about famous people Creditors To determine behavior that might indicate creditworthiness Criminals To identify the best times for a burglary

  • r to identify high-priced appliances to

steal

Source: IEEE Spectrum

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University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department

C b S it ( t’d) Cyber Security (cont’d)

Two Solutions Presented by Researchers at Toshiba Two Solutions Presented by Researchers at Toshiba

  • Data Anonymization

Si il t h t i d t t t i t i f ti – Similar to what is used to protect private information collected by hospitals Allows collection of data without load association of – Allows collection of data without load association of the customer

  • Mixed sources from PHEV batteries and home
  • Mixed sources from PHEV batteries and home

solar arrays skew utility load data so it is near impossible to determine customer electricity habits impossible to determine customer electricity habits

Source: IEEE Spectrum

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Th k Y Thank You

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