SIMULATION AS THE THIRD PILLAR IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE REN DE BORST - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SIMULATION AS THE THIRD PILLAR IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE REN DE BORST - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 29, 2023 146 likes •407 views

SIMULATION AS THE THIRD PILLAR IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE REN DE BORST REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW JUBILEE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM

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JUBILEE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

SIMULATION AS THE THIRD PILLAR IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE

RENÉ DE BORST

REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The Ancient Greeks: Plato vs Aristotle

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • Plato: deductive reasoning

is the basic mode for scientific progress

  • Aristotle: induction is the

cornerstone of progress in the sciences

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

From René Descartes and Sir Francis Bacon to the mid – 20th Century

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • René Descartes (1596 – 1650)

was a mathematician and further developed the method

  • f deduction: Based on an idea

(a hypothesis), one developed conclusions by systematic reasoning.

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SLIDE 4

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

From René Descartes and Sir Francis Bacon to the mid – 20th Century

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • Sir Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626),

the father of empiricism, and further developed the method

  • f induction: Based on one or

more observation, one could develop a theory.

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SLIDE 5

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

From René Descartes and Sir Francis Bacon to the mid – 20th Century

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • Induction and deduction

became the two pillars of modern science, including engineering science.

  • Free translation:

Induction = Experiment Deduction = Theory

THEORY EXPERIMENT

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SLIDE 6

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

From René Descartes and Sir Francis Bacon to the mid – 20th Century

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • In engineering and most

natural sciences, the theory is often described in terms

  • f partial differential

equations.

  • Analysis is needed to solve

these…

THEORY EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

From René Descartes and Sir Francis Bacon to the mid – 20th Century

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • For complicated geometries,

non-linear effects etc. analysis tools are not powerful enough.

  • This is how SIMULATION

entered as the third pillar

THEORY EXPERIMENT SIMULATION

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The Modern Age: Some Possibilities

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • All simulation relies on discretisation:

replacing partial differential equations by discrete (algebraic) equations. Examples:

  • Finite difference methods
  • Boundary integral methods
  • Finite element methods
  • Meshless methods, IsoGeometric Analysis, …
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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The Modern Age: Some Possibilities

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

It is enabled by the development of modern, digital computers.

Application areas:

  • Structural engineering
  • Safety: crash simulation
  • Optimisation
  • Electro-magnetics and wave guides
  • Patient-specific simulations
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SLIDE 10

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Structural Engineering: Historical buildings

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

Courtesy: Jan Rots

  • St. Lambertus church

in Maastricht

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SLIDE 11

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Safety: Crash Simulations

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

Courtesy: TASS

Roll-over of a car

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SLIDE 12

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Optimisation: Mega-Structures

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

Courtesy: Ole Sigmund

Airbus A-380

?

?

Topology

  • ptimisation
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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Optimisation: Nano-Optics

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

Courtesy: Ole Sigmund

Modelling of photonic materials and wave guides

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SLIDE 14

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Patient-specific simulations

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

Courtesy: Tom Hughes

Simulation of blood flow

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

  • Starter notch at the left
  • Red denotes MD space
  • Thick drawn lines denote

finite elements with overlap coupling Combined MD – FEM calculations:

  • overlap coupling with weight functions
  • weak enforcement of velocity coupling in intermediate space
  • XFEM used for traction-free interface in wake of crack tip

Dynamic crack propagation

And There is More: Discrete Simulation of Discrete Matter

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Increasing loading rate 1 - propagation 2,3 - shear zones 4,5 - branching Continuum – atomistic coupling

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

And There is More: Discrete Simulation of Discrete Matter

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • Multi-scale analyses
  • Analyses for more physical phenomena

The paradigms of contemporary computational science

Example: Simulation of existing and propagating cracks in fluid-saturated porous medium

With applications to energy, environment, and health

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Multi-scale approach

Problem statement

Mass and momentum balance on subgrid scale Structured or unstructured finite element discretisation Crack propagation unbiased by finite element discretisation

Computational science now: Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Linear-elastic fracture mechanics Pressure gradient

Example calculations

Stationary cracks in a fluid-saturated medium

Computational science now: Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

pressure

Example calculations Quasi-static loading

Biaxial test with initial imperfection under axial compression Tresca-like criterion for inception of shear band

Computational science now: Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Isogeometric analysis of fracture

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

IsoGeometric Analysis: Another New Paradigm?

Isogeometric analysis: use spline functions for interpolation instead of Lagrange polynomials

splines polynomials Major advantage: More accurate stress calculation

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Isogeometric analysis of fracture Better flow calculation in porous media

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

IsoGeometric Analysis: Another New Paradigm?

Satisfaction of local mass balance

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Different orders of interpolation for the displacement and the pressure in isogeometric analysis?

  • Cubic interpolastion for displacements
  • Quadratic interpolation for pressure

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

IsoGeometric Analysis: Another New Paradigm?

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SLIDE 24

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Isogeometric analysis of porous media

The influence of the presence and direction of cracks on the flow pattern in porous media

norm of displacements

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

IsoGeometric Analysis: Another New Paradigm?

Fluid velocity in cracks is several orders of magnitude higher than in porous medium

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Prof.dr.ir. René de Borst: Simulation as the Third Pillar in Engineering Science

  • Simulation technology has a huge impact
  • n many aspects of our lives: safety,

energy, water & environment, health

  • In the past fifty years it has evolved into the

Third Pillar of Science & Engineering, indispensible for any novel development

  • Yet, the awareness that it is a field of its
  • wn, needing an evolution as such, is not

yet always there (politicians, funding agencies, university administrators,…)

In sum…