Silver Nanoparticles in Medical Applications Brian G. Billones - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Silver Nanoparticles in Medical Applications

Brian G. Billones

Allan Hancock College Biochemistry & Political Science Erica Lively, Graduate Mentor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Advisors: Barbara Herr Harthorn, Women’s Studies & Anthropology Bruce Bimber, Political Science NSF SES 05-31184

Researching Nano Silver

Why Study Nanotechnology in Society?

To study the social risk perception and response to different applications of nanotechnologies.

Understanding Silver Nanoparticles

Antibacterial Properties Large Surface-to-Volume ratio Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations

Consumer Products:

Water / Filtration Clothes Wound Applications Electronic Devices

Research Goals

Global Value Chain

– “The full range of activities that are required to bring a product from its conception to its use and beyond. This includes activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution, and support to the final consumer…”

Product Analysis

Health Implications What are the benefits and Who can benefit from them? Environmental Impact What happens at the end of the product’s life? Toxicological Studies What are the risks imposed to those handling and producing the material?

Acute vs Chronic Exposure

What are the regulations, if any, set forth in companies outside the US for outsourced products.

www.globalvaluechains.org

Industry Industry

Creating a Global Value Chain

Components & Inputs Manufacturers Final Products Distribution & Sales

Supporting Environments:

Markets

Supply Chain Model: Steps involved in the transformation of raw materials (nanomaterials) into finished products. Steps involved in the transformation of raw materials (nanomaterials) into finished products. Distribution & Sales and Markets help make the product known and available to consumers. Distribution & Sales and Markets help make the product known and available to consumers. The supporting environments, both local and global, influence the actors in the supply chain. The supporting environments, both local and global, influence the actors in the supply chain.

Beiersdorf

(Germany) Manufacturer

• f Personal

Care Products

Fibers Sticky-Part Healthcare Curad J & J Band-Aid Wound Dressing Medical Groups

Methods for Data Collection

Focused Search (Internet) Focused Search (Internet) Analysis of Secondary Sources Analysis of Secondary Sources Product Literature Product Literature Product & Patent Databases Product & Patent Databases Scientific Journals Scientific Journals Company Websites Company Websites Government Documents Government Documents Various Websites & Databases Various Websites & Databases

Markets Markets

Duane Reade Duane Reade Walgreens Walgreens Drugstores Drugstores

Retailers Retailers

Sprays Sprays Medical Instruments Medical Instruments Bandages Bandages Nano Care Tech, Ltd.

(Hong Kong)

Nano Care Tech, Ltd.

(Hong Kong)

Nanbabies

(US)

Nanbabies

(US)

Fine Polymer, Inc.

(Japan)

Fine Polymer, Inc.

(Japan)

Smith & Nephew

(England)

Smith & Nephew

(England)

Global Value Chain for Medical Applications with Silver Nanoparticles

Wound Dressings Wound Dressings Personal Care Personal Care Surgical Surgical

Silver Nitrate Silver Nitrate Curad

(US)

Curad

(US)

Packages & Labels Packages & Labels

Sigma- Aldrich

(US)

Sigma- Aldrich

(US)

Nanux

(Korea)

Nanux

(Korea)

Raw Materials Raw Materials Suppliers Suppliers Other Inputs Other Inputs Hospitals & Clinics Hospitals & Clinics

Supporting Environments:

Testing Facilities Testing Facilities Colleges & Universities Colleges & Universities

Distribution & Sales Distribution & Sales Final Products Final Products Manufacturers Manufacturers Inputs Inputs

Medical/ Hygiene Medical/ Hygiene

Nanosilver Nanosilver Nano Products Corporation

(US)

Nano Products Corporation

(US)

Beiersdorf

(Germany)

Beiersdorf

(Germany)

Nano- coatings Nano- coatings

Company Company

Health Implications & Benefits:

• Strong antibacterial effect – Interferes with bacterial growth by disrupting the

cell membrane and blocking the metabolism of the bacteria.

• Silver wound dressings are used in hospitals for patients with burns and

infections that resist treatment.

• Has the potential to kill many deadly viruses and to prevent disease.

e.g., HIV, AIDS

• Available for individuals far from medical facilities.

e.g., Military Personnel, Travelers

Health Implications & Benefits:

• Strong antibacterial effect – Interferes with bacterial growth by disrupting the

cell membrane and blocking the metabolism of the bacteria.

• Silver wound dressings are used in hospitals for patients with burns and

infections that resist treatment.

• Has the potential to kill many deadly viruses and to prevent disease.

e.g., HIV, AIDS

• Available for individuals far from medical facilities.

e.g., Military Personnel, Travelers

Silver Nanoparticles: A Safe Nanoproduct in Medical Applications?

Silver Nanoparticles: A Nanoproduct in Medical Applications

Toxicological Studies:

• Traditional belief is that silver is relatively safe and non-toxic to mammalian

cells.

• Low risk to consumers.
• Long term exposure studies are limited.
• Exposure at the manufacturing level.
• Organ accumulation may cause possible adverse effects.
• Liver (Rat Studies).
• Depletes the antioxidant defense mechanism, which leads to ROS*

accumulations.

• Programmed cell death is a final result.
• Skin pigmentation known as argyria can occur with prolonged exposure.

Toxicological Studies:

• Traditional belief is that silver is relatively safe and non-toxic to mammalian

cells.

• Low risk to consumers.
• Long term exposure studies are limited.
• Exposure at the manufacturing level.
• Organ accumulation may cause possible adverse effects.
• Liver (Rat Studies).
• Depletes the antioxidant defense mechanism, which leads to ROS*

accumulations.

• Programmed cell death is a final result.
• Skin pigmentation known as argyria can occur with prolonged exposure.

*Reactive Oxygen Species

Silver Nanoparticles: A Nanoproduct in Medical Applications

Stan Jones US Senate Candidate Paul Karason Seen on Oprah Argyria - is a condition where the skin turns blue-grey from use

• f silver.

Pathways for Entry

Antibacterial Hygienic Silver: Should the Environment Pay the Price?

Environmental Concerns:

• Silver nanoparticles may kill benign (good) bacteria that help destroy harmful

bacteria.

• This can hurt wastewater treatment facilities.
• Many types of bacteria live in lakes and streams. The silver may disrupt their

aquatic ecosystem.

• Zebra Fish Study.

Environmental Concerns:

• Silver nanoparticles may kill benign (good) bacteria that help destroy harmful

bacteria.

• This can hurt wastewater treatment facilities.
• Many types of bacteria live in lakes and streams. The silver may disrupt their

aquatic ecosystem.

• Zebra Fish Study.

(A) Normal zebrafish embryos which developed normally 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). (B) Ag-BSA (5 µg per ml treated embryos at 24 hpf. (C) Dead embryos at 24-48

• hpf. By P V Asharani.

• More research is needed that covers long-term usage of silver

nanoparticles in humans.

• May be a solution to solve health concerns in developing countries

and in areas where sanitation is a problem.

Future Concerns… ??? Will the benefits outweigh the risks?

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Center for Nanotechnology in Society National Science Foundation INSET Erica Lively Working Group 3 Barbara Herr Harthorn Bruce Bimber Julie Dillemuth

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS . COMMENTS?

Brian G. Billones billyones@msn.com Nanosilver.wikidot.com

Mitochondria Mitochondria 1 micron 1 micron 500 nm 500 nm 400 nm 400 nm 200 nm 200 nm 100 nm 100 nm

1 µm 1 µm

Nucleus RAT Macrophage Cell

Buzea, Pacheco, and Robbie: Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity. Biointerphases,

• Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2007. Comparison of rat cell size to nanoparticle size. Human macrophages

are two times larger. TEM image reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives

• Ref. 238.

References

• Scientific Journals and Academic Literature
• Company Websites
• Blogs, Public Discussion Forums
• International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON) database
• Lux Report, 4th Edition, 2006
• Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
• Government Sites and Documents

• Of the more than 600 consumer products that contain nano

materials, about 20% contain silver particles.+

+Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

More Information…

Markets Markets

Duane Reade Duane Reade Walgreens Walgreens Drugstores Drugstores

Retailers Retailers

Sprays Sprays Medical Instruments Medical Instruments Bandages Bandages Nano Care Tech, Ltd. Nano Care Tech, Ltd. Nanbabies Nanbabies Fine Polymer, Inc. Fine Polymer, Inc. Smith & Nephew Smith & Nephew

Medical Nano Silver Products GVC

Wound Dressings Wound Dressings Personal Care Personal Care Surgical Surgical

Silver Nitrate Silver Nitrate Curad Curad

Packages & Labels Packages & Labels

Nanux

(Korea)

Nanux

(Korea)

Sigma- Aldrich

(US)

Sigma- Aldrich

(US)

Nano-material Nano-material Suppliers Suppliers Company Company Other Inputs Other Inputs Hospitals & Clinics Hospitals & Clinics

Supporting Environments:

Testing Facilities Testing Facilities Colleges & Universities Colleges & Universities

Distribution & Sales Distribution & Sales Final Products Final Products Manufacturers Manufacturers Inputs Inputs

Medical/ Hygiene Medical/ Hygiene

Nanosilver Nanosilver Nano- coatings Nano- coatings