Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 09, 2023 7 likes •166 views

Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia: Science, Impacts and Action Prof. Dr. Mark G. Lawrence With contributions from Maheswar Rupakheti, Birgit Lode and Kathleen Mar Managing Scientific Director Institute for

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1 Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.

Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants (SLCPs) in (South) Asia: Science, Impacts and Action

  • Prof. Dr. Mark G. Lawrence

With contributions from Maheswar Rupakheti, Birgit Lode and Kathleen Mar

Managing Scientific Director Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) http://www.iass-potsdam.de IGES Side Event, UNFCCC COP-21 Paris, France, 3 December 2015

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[IPCC, 2013]

Regional Warming

“OHC” = Ocean Heat Content

Strong regional warming in Asia, Significant impacts expected (e.g., monsoon rains)

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3 Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V.

Air Quality: A major challenge throughout Asia

2015 2015

Beijing Air Pollution

2009 2013

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Air Quality: A major challenge throughout Asia

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Courtesy: Jinsoo, Khadak, Dipesh, Bhogendra

Filter after one day of sampling at the SusKat-ABC Bode Supersite

Health Impacts…

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Reduced Visibility due to Particulate Matter

View from Bode House , Kathmandu, SusKat*-ABC Field Campaign Supersite

* Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley (IASS/ICIMOD + ~20 partners)

20 March 2013 28 Feb 2013

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  • Gases:

– Methane (CH4) – Ozone (O3) – Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – Etc.

SLCPs: Short-Lived Climate-forcing Pollutants

  • Aerosol Particles:

– Soot (incl. Black Carbon (“BC”)) – Organic Carbon – Sulfate (SO4

2-)

– Etc.

Roles

  • Act as air pollutants or pollutant precursors (except HFCs)
  • Responsible for significant climate-forcing (warming /cooling)
  • Relatively short-lived in the atmosphere (days to decades)
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Mitigation Possibilities? è 16 Key Global Measures for CH4 and BC

[UNEP, 2011]

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9 Key Global Measures for Reducing BC Emissions

Improved biomass stoves Modern coke ovens Remove mega-emitters / DPF Cooking with clean fuel Pellet biomass heating stoves Improved brick kilns Coal briquettes replacing coal Reduce agricultural burning Reduce flaring

(Courtesy of J. Kuylenstierna, SEI/CCAC)

è è Many are typical for (South) Asia!

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Clear Need for:

  • clean-solutions
  • grounded in sound science
  • tailored to local context

è è One Response: Pilot Studies (our example: Nepal)

  • Significant levels of pollution (Transformation needs), but…
  • Manageable size for potential interventions (Transformation potential)

à Collaboration with ICIMOD and over 20 other research institutions

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SusKat: A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley

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Decision makers - MoSTE Private Sector Science-policy seminars on SLCPs Global/Regional Initiatives

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SusKat-ABC Field campaign sites (Dec 2012-June 2013)

Pokhara Lumbini Jomsong Pyramid Dhunchhe

  • 20 research groups (>40 scientists for ~6 months),
  • ver 150 instruments at over 20 ground sites
  • 2nd largest international pollution measurements

campaign ever in Southern Asia

  • Special issue with 20-25 papers in progress
  • Several follow-up campaigns (incl. exposure/health)
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00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 24:00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Time "HH: MM" BC concentration, µg m-3

Monsoon Winter Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon

Black Carbon (BC) in the Kathmandu Valley

Main sources of BC/PM: Traffic and road, brick factories, garbage burning, diesel gen-sets

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SusKat: A Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley

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Available on YouTube

Students and Fellows: Capacity building

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  • Science has made a strong case that cannot be ignored:

SLCPs are a significant threat to development in Asia

  • Need to continue advancing SLCP science in the region
  • Connect to local policy makers and other key stakeholders:

especially showing benefits near where emissions are cut, plus extension to other regions through climatic and economic impacts

Conc nclu lusions ns

For more information:

http://www.iass-potsdam.de/regional-focus-sustainable-atmosphere-kathmandu-valley

Maheswar.Rupakheti@iass-potsdam.de Mark.Lawrence@iass-potsdam.de The Goal: Clean Air for Asia!