Seyfu Ketema Ph D Seyfu Ketema Ph D 5 th th African Grain Trade - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Summit Summit Theme: Theme: Africa: The Emerging Frontier Africa: The Emerging Frontier for Global Investments in Grain Trade. for Global Investments in Grain Trade. Specific Theme Specific Theme:

: Opportunities for innovation and

Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to address constraints and technology adoption to address constraints and increase agricultural increase agricultural investments in Africa. investments in Africa.

Seyfu Ketema Ph D Seyfu Ketema Ph D 5th

th African Grain Trade Summit, 1st to 3rd October 2013, Sarova

African Grain Trade Summit, 1st to 3rd October 2013, Sarova Whitesands Beach Resort & Spa, Mombasa, Kenya. Ph D Whitesands Beach Resort & Spa, Mombasa, Kenya. Ph D

Importance of Agriculture Importance of Agriculture

• The constant need to provide adequate food and

The constant need to provide adequate food and nutrition to the growing global population makes nutrition to the growing global population makes agriculture among the strategic and most important agriculture among the strategic and most important economic activity of all the nations of the world economic activity of all the nations of the world

• The provision of adequate food and nutrition to their

The provision of adequate food and nutrition to their population through various strategies (Food Security, population through various strategies (Food Security, Food Self Sufficiency, Food Sovereignty) remains Food Self Sufficiency, Food Sovereignty) remains among the top strategy and priority agenda of all among the top strategy and priority agenda of all governments in both developed and developing governments in both developed and developing countries. countries.

• Agricultural trade in general and grain trade

Agricultural trade in general and grain trade specifically plays major role in the agricultural and specifically plays major role in the agricultural and

• verall economy of Africa
• verall economy of Africa

Importance of Agriculture Cont’d Importance of Agriculture Cont’d

• The advances in sciences and technology has contributed

The advances in sciences and technology has contributed tremendously to the modernization and transformation of tremendously to the modernization and transformation of agriculture and therefore to the increase in land, labor, agriculture and therefore to the increase in land, labor, water productivity and generally to the increase in water productivity and generally to the increase in agricultural production, productivity and economic agricultural production, productivity and economic growth at the global level growth at the global level

• Thus the advances made in science and technology

Thus the advances made in science and technology create the opportunities for innovation and technology create the opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to address constraints and increase adoption to address constraints and increase agricultural agricultural investments in Africa investments in Africa

Importance of Agriculture Cont’d Importance of Agriculture Cont’d

• Despite the impressive modernization and

Despite the impressive modernization and transformation of agriculture in the developed countries transformation of agriculture in the developed countries and the moderate modernization of agriculture in some and the moderate modernization of agriculture in some developing countries, providing the global population developing countries, providing the global population with adequate food and nutrition, has remained as a with adequate food and nutrition, has remained as a major challenge. major challenge.

• Taking stock of the agricultural resource base, existing

Taking stock of the agricultural resource base, existing knowledge base, the proven agricultural modernization knowledge base, the proven agricultural modernization and transformation experiences around the globe; one and transformation experiences around the globe; one cannot justify the fact that there still exists hunger, cannot justify the fact that there still exists hunger, malnutrition and poverty around the globe. malnutrition and poverty around the globe.

Challenges

Challenges

• Today, three quarters of the world’s poorest people

Today, three quarters of the world’s poorest people get their food and income by farming small plots of get their food and income by farming small plots of land land

• With the global population set to increase by a billion

With the global population set to increase by a billion people between now and 2030, it is estimated that the people between now and 2030, it is estimated that the world will need to increase food production by at world will need to increase food production by at least a third to keep up with demand and changing least a third to keep up with demand and changing dietary preferences dietary preferences

Dry areas = water scarcity, limited and vulnerable natural resources, climatic variability, and a diverse and complex mix of pastoral, agro-pastoral, mixed rainfed and irrigated production systems requiring an integrated agro-ecosystems and livelihoods approach to research for development

Food d producti uction

• n growth

th is is lo lower Food d producti uction

• n growth

th is is lo lower tha han n po popu pula lati tion

• n gr

grow

• wth

th tha han n po popu pula lati tion

• n gr

grow

• wth

th

• 5.0
• 4.0
• 3.0
• 2.0
• 1.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Burundi Comoros DRC Djibouti Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Libya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Rwanda Seychelles Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

Growth rate % % Food production growth (2000-2005)* Population growth%**

Climate change and its adverse Climate change and its adverse effect is a challenge effect is a challenge

9

10 10

Dissapearing snow on Mt Kilimanjaro – May 2010

Drought in Dodoma region Drought in Dodoma region - 2008 2008

*Poor Animal Health

Poor Animal Health *Tree Felling Tree Felling

11 11

Droughts in dry lands

Desertification Desertification A key challenge in the new A key challenge in the new millennium millennium

Loss of Biodiversity Loss of Biodiversity

Soil Soil

Physical erosion Physical erosion Chemical degradation Chemical degradation Biological degradation Biological degradation

Water Water Quantity Quantity Quality Quality Productivity Productivity

Urban population will outpace rural

Urbanization and Out-Migration

Urbanisation in developing countries will accelerate over the next 30 years

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

billion people

Rural Urban

projected

projected

Source: FAO.2002. World Agriculture: towards 2015/2030 Summary Report

1970-2030

• 10

40 90 140 190 240 1970 1980 1990 2000 2015 2030

million tonnes East Asia South Asia Near East/North Africa Latin America S.S.Africa

Historical Development Projections

Cereals imports of developing regions

Food Insecurity and Poverty

Source: FAO, 2002 World Agriculture: towards 2015/30, http://www.fao.org/es/ESD/gstudies.htm

Protests on high food prices Protests on high food prices

• Urban

Urban poor particularly poor particularly hit hit hard, but hard, but farmers farmers are net food buyers are net food buyers

Challenges to African agriculture and food Challenges to African agriculture and food security security

• Less water: increased demand from other sectors

Less water: increased demand from other sectors

• Less arable land: land degradation and urbanization

Less arable land: land degradation and urbanization

• Less labor: HIV/AIDS and endemic diseases

Less labor: HIV/AIDS and endemic diseases

• A changing climate: increasing variability and more extreme

A changing climate: increasing variability and more extreme events is projected to: events is projected to:

 reduce productivity

reduce productivity

 affect ecological systems

affect ecological systems

 adversely affect human and animal health, and

adversely affect human and animal health, and

 decrease biodiversity

decrease biodiversity

• Increasing concerns over the environmental and social

Increasing concerns over the environmental and social implications of various agricultural policies and technologies implications of various agricultural policies and technologies

• Address water deficit problems, e.g., through improved

Address water deficit problems, e.g., through improved drought tolerant crops, irrigation technologies, etc drought tolerant crops, irrigation technologies, etc

• Produce, the diversified array of crops, livestock, fish,

Produce, the diversified array of crops, livestock, fish, forests, biomass (for energy) in an environmentally and forests, biomass (for energy) in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner socially sustainable manner

• Address soil fertility and salinzation of soils

Address soil fertility and salinzation of soils

Science & Technology Challenges to African Science & Technology Challenges to African Agricultural Research Agricultural Research

Science & Technology Challenges to African Science & Technology Challenges to African Agricultural Research Cont Agricultural Research Cont’d

• Improve the nutritional quality of food

Improve the nutritional quality of food

• Improve the temperature tolerance of crops

Improve the temperature tolerance of crops

• Combat emerging agricultural pests and diseases

Combat emerging agricultural pests and diseases

• Reduce post harvest losses

Reduce post harvest losses

• Improve nutrient cycling

Improve nutrient cycling

• Improve food safety

Improve food safety

Future Trends in Agriculture Production

■ Sustainable Agricultural Intensification Projected Sources of Agricultural Growth

Source: FAO, 2002 World agriculture: towards 2015/30, http://www.fao.org/es/ESD/gstudies.htm

80% 20%

Agriculture intensification Others

Opportunities Opportunities exist for exist for innovation innovation and technology adoption to address and technology adoption to address constraints and increase constraints and increase agricultural agricultural investments in Africa investments in Africa

Demand Driven Technologies made Available Demand Driven Technologies made Available to Uptake Pathways to Uptake Pathways

Nine proven varieties of quality protein maize (QPM) Nine proven varieties of quality protein maize (QPM)

ACHIEVEMENTS

Technologies for On-farm Fodder establishment, feed formulation and conservation adopted by farmers

Farmers trained to adopt water and soil

fertility management technologies (nutrient recycling ) for crop production

Manure is heaped and not covered Manure is removed from the feeding stalls and applied to the crops

• Model for Multiplication and

distribution of clean Planting materials (estimated 63.8 ha under multiplication) Uptake incidences

• Orange Fleshed sweet potato roots are

traded and consumed locally in the communities, restaurants & catering in functions

• Value added products are promoted in

domestic markets

On farm establishment of small scale On farm establishment of small scale irrigation kits and water harvesting irrigation kits and water harvesting technologies to sustain year round technologies to sustain year round vegetable and fodder production vegetable and fodder production

DG of EIAR being briefed on Response Farming, August 2010 DG of EIAR briefs the media on RF technology at Adama, August 2010 Failure of maize adopting business as usual approaches, August 2010 Demonstrated yield increase

Success story of striga project Success story of striga project

• ASARECA and its partners (Eritrea,

ASARECA and its partners (Eritrea, Sudan, Kenya and the International Sudan, Kenya and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Arid-

• Tropics, ICRISAT) have developed

Tropics, ICRISAT) have developed 50 striga resistant sorghum lines capable 50 striga resistant sorghum lines capable

• f giving up to 3.6 tonnes grain yield per
• f giving up to 3.6 tonnes grain yield per

hectare hectare

• These lines have a potential of raising

These lines have a potential of raising sorghum production to 61.2 million sorghum production to 61.2 million tonnes on 17 million hectares of farm land tonnes on 17 million hectares of farm land that are threatened to be out of sorghum that are threatened to be out of sorghum production due to striga infestation. production due to striga infestation.

• This breakthrough will enable 300 million

This breakthrough will enable 300 million people in Africa who depend on sorghum people in Africa who depend on sorghum as their unique food grain to get out of as their unique food grain to get out of hunger, attain food security, walk out of hunger, attain food security, walk out of the poverty bracket and lead better lives. the poverty bracket and lead better lives.

The donor parent N13 is far in the background. In the foreground is one of the 50 resistant lines Donor Parent N13 for striga resistant gene Background Parent, Wad Ahmed One of 50 lines developed with resistance to Striga

Effect of Napier grass stunt on fodder yield, Uganda 2007 2009

• Engaging private sector (Entrepreneurial development)

a) Engaged Tanseed International in Tanzania

• i. Engages in - Seed Production, Processing and Marketing
• ii. Contracts & train farmers for quality seed production

 Strengthening the Value Chain of QPM: Engaging with Tanseed International Ltd, Grain and Flour Enterprises (GFE) , Health Foods Ltd (HEFO), Tanfeed ltd

• Each addressing a specific node on the QPM Value Chain

b) Engaging Grain and Flour Enterprises (GFE).

• i. QPM grain production, processing

to add value, promotion

• i. Trains Farmers in value addition
• ii. Provide market for QPM grains &

products produced by farmers

Promoting utilization of food products c) HEFO Engaging Examples of QPM based food products

d) Engaging Tanfeed Ltd,

 Conducts Research in QPM based feeds  Manufactures QPM based poultry feeds  Provide market for grains produced by farmers (about 1MT/week). i. QPM is superior to ordinary Maize in broiler diets- It substitutes for artificial lysine and fish meal ii. Birds fed on QPM based feeds are more preferred by consumers

Thank you

Opportunities Opportunities

• However big the challenges are, it should be noted

However big the challenges are, it should be noted with clarity that there are also great opportunities, if we with clarity that there are also great opportunities, if we work together: work together:

• With a

With a win win-win frame of mind at the global, regional win frame of mind at the global, regional and national levels and national levels to promote fare trade and facilitate to promote fare trade and facilitate increased investment increased investment

• In order to promote improved livelihood, economic

In order to promote improved livelihood, economic growth and provide adequate food and nutrition growth and provide adequate food and nutrition security, eradicate hunger and poverty at the global security, eradicate hunger and poverty at the global level. level.

• The world needs to feed a

population of 9 billion in 2050

• With access to 60% of the

world's potentially available crop land,

• Africa in partnership with

the rest of the world have the potential to meet the food and nutrition demand of the continent and the rest of the world

• Africa’s potential could be

effectively and efficiently harnessed with the use of science and technology and conducive policy environment

• Africa in partnership with the rest
• f the world have the:
• Opportunity to promote innovation

and technology adoption

• Increase agricultural investments

and

• Contribute to providing improved

livelihood, economic growth and sustainable development

• Africa is indeed the emerging

frontier for global investments, economic growth, improved livelihood and sustainable development

• I plead to all of you that as a matter
• f urgency we move a motion and

make one of the recommendations of this important summit to be the development of policy and legislation for the protection of the agricultural land of Africa which should be of equal importance to our legislation for the conservation of national parks

Concluding remarks Concluding remarks

• Opportunities for innovation and technology

Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to address constraints and increase adoption to address constraints and increase agricultural agricultural investments in Africa exist: investments in Africa exist:

• If among other important recommendations we

If among other important recommendations we could consider the following three sets of could consider the following three sets of concluding remarks: concluding remarks:

Set I Concluding Remarks: Set I Concluding Remarks:

• Hold responsible and follow up the implementation of

Hold responsible and follow up the implementation of the commitments and recommendations made by our the commitments and recommendations made by our heads of states at: heads of states at:

 The global level at the G8 meeting and

The global level at the G8 meeting and

 Continental level at AU/NEPAD meetings

Continental level at AU/NEPAD meetings

SET I Concluding remarks Cont’d SET I Concluding remarks Cont’d G8 Summit :The L’Aquila Joint Statement G8 Summit :The L’Aquila Joint Statement

Global leaders agreed to a comprehensive approach to food Global leaders agreed to a comprehensive approach to food security to include: security to include:

• Increased agricultural productivity

Increased agricultural productivity

• Stimulus to pre

Stimulus to pre- and post and post-harvest interventions harvest interventions

• Emphasis on private sector growth, smallholders, women

Emphasis on private sector growth, smallholders, women and families and families

• Preservation of the natural resource base

Preservation of the natural resource base

• Expansion of employment and decent work opportunities

Expansion of employment and decent work opportunities

• Knowledge and training

Knowledge and training

• Increased trade flows

Increased trade flows

• Support for good governance and policy reform

Support for good governance and policy reform

Set I Cont’d Set I Cont’d AU/NEPAD 3 GOALS AU/NEPAD 3 GOALS

1.

• 1. Establish conditions for sustainable development(peace

Establish conditions for sustainable development(peace & security, democracy & good political, economic & & security, democracy & good political, economic & cooperate governance, regional cooperation & cooperate governance, regional cooperation & integration, capacity building) integration, capacity building)

• 2. Encourage policy reforms & increased investments in
• 2. Encourage policy reforms & increased investments in

priority sectors (agriculture, human development, priority sectors (agriculture, human development, infrastructure, environment); infrastructure, environment);

• 3. Mobilize resources ( increasing domestic savings&
• 3. Mobilize resources ( increasing domestic savings&

investments, management of public revenue & investments, management of public revenue & expenditure, Africa’s share of global trade) expenditure, Africa’s share of global trade)

Set I Cont’d Set I Cont’d The AU/NEPAD vision Cont’d The AU/NEPAD vision Cont’d

• Integrate farmers into the market economy with Africa

Integrate farmers into the market economy with Africa to become a net exporter of agricultural products; to become a net exporter of agricultural products;

• Achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth;

Achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth;

• Be a strategic player in agricultural S&T development

Be a strategic player in agricultural S&T development and and

• Practice environmentally sound production methods

Practice environmentally sound production methods and have a culture of sustainable management of the and have a culture of sustainable management of the natural resource base natural resource base

Set I Cont’d Set I Cont’d The AU/NEPAD vision for agriculture is that The AU/NEPAD vision for agriculture is that the African continent should by 2015 the African continent should by 2015

• Attain food security (in terms of availability and

Attain food security (in terms of availability and affordability) and ensure access of the poor to adequate affordability) and ensure access of the poor to adequate food and nutrition; food and nutrition;

• Improve the productivity of agriculture to attain an

Improve the productivity of agriculture to attain an average annual growth rate of 6%, average annual growth rate of 6%,

• Create dynamic agricultural markets between nations and

Create dynamic agricultural markets between nations and regions regions

Remarks Cont’d Remarks Cont’d

• SET II

SET II

• Opportunities for innovation and technology

Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to address constraints and increase adoption to address constraints and increase agricultural agricultural investments in Africa exist investments in Africa exist

• If we consider the following to enhance

If we consider the following to enhance technology adoption along the value chain in the technology adoption along the value chain in the framework of an innovations system in the ECA. framework of an innovations system in the ECA.

Set II Cont’d Set II Cont’d

• Agro

Agro-ecological targeting based on politics, ecology and ecological targeting based on politics, ecology and commodity commodity

 There is need to improve technology performance by

There is need to improve technology performance by appropriately aligning technology attributes with end appropriately aligning technology attributes with end-user user preferences in respect to socioeconomic and agro preferences in respect to socioeconomic and agro- ecological conditions ecological conditions:

• Promote market linkages and commercialization of

Promote market linkages and commercialization of enterprises: enterprises:

 Commercialization of enterprises through

Commercialization of enterprises through vertical

vertical integration that promotes interaction for integration that promotes interaction for knowledge sharing can create the impetus needed knowledge sharing can create the impetus needed for technology adoption: for technology adoption:

Set II Cont’d Set II Cont’d

• Promote linkages with finance institutions to ease

Promote linkages with finance institutions to ease access to credit access to credit

 Some technologies are expensive to acquire, while some

Some technologies are expensive to acquire, while some require expensive accompanying inputs. Thus, adoption require expensive accompanying inputs. Thus, adoption is constrained by lack of funds is constrained by lack of funds --

• -which could be raised

which could be raised through borrowing from finance institutions. The through borrowing from finance institutions. The example of warehouse receipt system managed by East example of warehouse receipt system managed by East African Grain Council and financed by Equity bank in African Grain Council and financed by Equity bank in Kenya provides a good ‘initial model’. Kenya provides a good ‘initial model’.

Set II Cont’d Set II Cont’d

• Re

Re-

• configure extension

configure extension-research research-farmer architecture farmer architecture

 Urgent institutional reforms are necessary to promote the

Urgent institutional reforms are necessary to promote the efficiency and effectiveness of technology delivery systems efficiency and effectiveness of technology delivery systems

• Institutional gender mainstreaming in agricultural

Institutional gender mainstreaming in agricultural institutions institutions

 Adoption of comprehensive gender mainstreaming strategies

Adoption of comprehensive gender mainstreaming strategies is a prerequisite for effectively addressing gender is a prerequisite for effectively addressing gender-based based constraints which undermine adoption and productivity of constraints which undermine adoption and productivity of agricultural technologies. agricultural technologies.

Set II Cont’d Set II Cont’d

• Infrastructure capacity and enabling policy

Infrastructure capacity and enabling policy framework framework

 Governments in ECA need to strengthen the enabling

Governments in ECA need to strengthen the enabling policy environment policy environment

Set III Set III Concluding Remarks Concluding Remarks

Set III Set III Concluding remarks Concluding remarks

• Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to

Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to address constraints and increase agricultural address constraints and increase agricultural investments investments in Africa exist: in Africa exist:

• If we work with

If we work with a win

a win-win formula, a win win formula, a win-win win mind set , and win mind set , and win-win partnership win partnership at the

at the global, global, regional and national level regional and national level that will result in bringing that will result in bringing together: together:

 Governments

Governments

 Private sector

Private sector

 Civil Society and all other

Civil Society and all other

 Stake holders

Stake holders

• Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to

Opportunities for innovation and technology adoption to address constraints and increase agricultural address constraints and increase agricultural investments investments in Africa exist if: in Africa exist if:

• Governments, the Private sector, Civil Society and all

Governments, the Private sector, Civil Society and all

• ther Stake holders commit themselves to
• ther Stake holders commit themselves to

 Formulate, develop and promote conducive policies

Formulate, develop and promote conducive policies

 Promote fair trade and

Promote fair trade and

 Promote strategic partnership

Promote strategic partnership

 With

With a win a win-win formula, a win win formula, a win-win mind set , and win mind set , and win win-win partnership win partnership at the at the global, regional and global, regional and national level national level

Set III Cont’d Set III Cont’d

59 59

THANK YOU THANK YOU