Several Nanotechnology Trends, including in Nanomedicine Mihail C. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mihail C. Roco

National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative 16th US-KOREA Nanotechnology Forum, San Diego, September 23, 2019

Several Nanotechnology Trends, including in Nanomedicine

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Contents

• Three essential stages of science and

technology convergence

– Nanotechnology - global S&T challenge since 2000

– Foundational emerging technologies (NBICA) – Global society oriented initiatives

• Several trends for the next decade (USA),

with illustration to nanomedicine

Convergence is a core opportunity for progress Nanotechnology is an earlier illustration in S&T

• Nanotechnology is a foundational, general-purpose

technology

• Nanotechnology in 2019 continues quasi-exponential

growth penetration in: (i) disciplinary platforms, (ii) vertical science-to-technology transition, (iii) horizontal expansion to areas such as agriculture/ textiles/ cement/ plastics, and (iv) spin-off areas (> 20) as nanophotonics, metamaterials, spintronics, nano -medicine, -neuro, -agriculture, and -env.

• Nanotechnology promises to become a primary S&T

platform for investments and venture funds once efficient design & manufacturing methods are established

Nanotechnology development

integration of disciplines

2000 2030

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

A general trend:

Convergence of nano with other emerging fields

• NS&E discoveries on accelerated path, with horizontal

integration of disciplines and new spin-off fields (“push”)

• Setting visionary goals and new application areas, via:

S&E initiatives, Grand Challenges, Big Ideas, societal goals; need for vertical integration (“pull”),

• Integration of knowledge & innovation across turbulent,

hierarchical and emerging fields (“spiral integration”)

Convergence is: a problem solving strategy

to holistically understand and change an ecosystem for reaching a common goal

(Refs 1, 5)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Convergence of knowledge, technology and society

is guided by seven principles

• A. Holistic view – Interdependence-coherence in

nature and society (find ‘unity in diversity’, ‘essential interactions’ for deep integration)

• B. Common goal - Vision-inspired basic

research for long-term challenges

• C. Dynamic pattern - Processes of spiral

convergence and divergence

• D. Unifying actions- Ecosystem-logic deduction

in decisions & problem solving

• E. Cross-domain - Higher-level languages
• F. Multi-tasking- Multiple cause-effect pathways
• G. Added-value - Confluence of resources

leading to ecosystem changes (‘S curve’)

PRINCIPLES FOR CONVERGENCE

Ref 7: “Science and technology convergence..”, JNR, 2016, 18:211

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

(to a neural network system)

Nanotechnology development also is guided by the convergence principles

• A. Holistic view – Unity of matter in disciplines;

‘essential interactions’ for deep integration

• B. Common goal – Systematic control at

nanoscale for properties/functions/devices/sys.

• C. Dynamic pattern - Spiral convergence to

unified methods & divergence in applications

• D. Unifying actions - Nanosystem-logic

deduction in decisions & problem solving

• E. Cross-domain – languages, concepts, methods
• F. Multi-tasking - Concurrent nanoscale

phenomena and processes

• G. Added-value - Confluence of effects leading

to novel phenomena and processes

PRINCIPLES FOR CONVERGENCE

Ref 7: “Science and technology convergence..”, JNR, 2016, 18:211

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

(to a neural network system)

Modified Stokes diagram

Pure Basic Research (Bohr) Use-inspired Basic Research (Pasteur)) Pure Applied Research (Edison)

Relevance for applications Relevance for the advancement of knowledge

Low use

Low

High Vision-inspired Basic Research

(added in CKTS) Ex: NNI vision

New use

Known use

Empirical, less useful (Merlin)

• B. Common goal - Vision inspired discovery and

inventions are essential for the future of innovation

Ref 6: “Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society:” (Springer,2013)

convergence stage / divergence stage / S&T breakthroughs

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

a b c d

Six NT Generations

Creative phase Integration/ Fusion phase Innovation phase Spin-off phase

Disciplines Bottom-up & top-down Materials Medical, .. Sectors Tools & Methods

Knowledge confluence Innovation spiral New Products, Applications $30 T

• C. 2000-2030 Convergence-Divergence cycle

for global nanotechnology development

Spin-off disciplines, and productive sectors New expertise (NBIC..) New applications & business New nanosystem architectures

Control of matter at the nanoscale

Ref 7: Based on Roco and Bainbridge, 2013 , Fig. 8

Immersion in to new technology platforms

Assembly of interacting parts New systems

NBIC2

• C. Example convergence-divergence opportunities:

the cellular phone

Phases to achieve convergence:

• Creative phase: Confluence of fields

CMOS 90 nm (2000) to 7 nm (2019)

• Integration phase: Data storage to cognition
• Innovation phase: Smart phone and its platform
• Outcomes, spin-off phase: Social

networks, controlling swarms, healthcare, aspects in society

High “innovation index” in a convergence process

I ~ k(S,E) S2 O / T3

(Ref 6: CKTS Report 2013)

Approach to improve convergence:

• Enlarge the working domains S
• Convergence accelerators T

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Ke y c onve r ge nc e r e por ts sinc e 2013

2013 2014 2016 2017

Springer-Nature 2016

2016

Convergence

principles and methods

Convergence

• f health

Life, physical &

• engng. sciences

convergence International

benchmarking

Convergence

engineering centers Culture of Convergence

2019

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Three stages of convergence

(Ref 6: CKTS, Springer, 2013)

• III. Conv. Knowledge, Technology and Society

“CKTS”

Integrates NBICA & other essential platforms of human activity using seven convergence principles

• II. Converging Technologies Nano-Bio-Info-Cognitive-AI

“NBICA”

Integrates foundational and emerging technologies from unifying - basic elements using similar system architectures and dynamic networking (neural networks)

• I. Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology

“Nanotechnology”

Integrates disciplines and knowledge of matter from unifying concepts at the nanoscale

I. II. III.

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

nano1

2000 2010 2020 2030

nano3

1999

30 year vision to develop nanotechnology in three stages changing focus and priorities

2010 2013

Reports available on: www.wtec.org/nano2/ and www.wtec.org/NBIC2-report/ (Refs. 3-6)

Create library of nanocomponents, function 2000-2010

• 2. Active

Nanostructures 2000

nano1 Component basics

2030 New socio-economic capabilities, architect

,

2020-2030

nano3 Technology divergence

To general purpose technology, moduls 2010-2020

nano2 System integration

Based on NANO 2020, Fig. 5 (Ref. 4)

• 1. Passive

Nanostructures

• 3. Systems of

Nanosystems

• 4. Molecular

Nanosystems

• 5. NBICA Technology

Platforms

GENERATIONS OF NANOPRODUCTS

CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES

• 6. Nanosystem
• Conv. Networks

MC Roco, Nov 10 2016

Nanowire transistor probes for intracellular recording

Credit: Charles Lieber group (Y. Zhao et al, Nature Nanotech 2019)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Example discovery in nanobio-medicine

Motorized molecules drill through cells

Motorized molecules driven by light can drill holes in the membranes of individual cells, promising to bring therapeutic agents into the cells or directly inducing the cells to die Rotors in single-molecule nanomachines activated by ultraviolet light - spin at 2 to 3 million rotations per second

Credit: James Tour group, et al., Nature Aug 2017, Rice U., Durham (U.K.) and NCSU

Light

Light

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Example discovery in nanobiology

Engineering biology through DNAs environment

Chromatin and Epigenetic Engineering (NSF 17-578 & 18-077)

Light-mediated epigenetic control at the nanoscale in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiac muscle cells

Credit: R. Mazitschek, Mass General Hospital/Harvard U.; E. Entcheva and A. Villagra, GWU

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Integrate the muscle grow with neurons at the nanoscale on grooved platforms

• H. Kong, R. Bashir et al., U. of Illinois (2019)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2019

Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives

(https://www.nano.gov/signatureinitiatives)

Sustainable Nanomanufacturing Water Sustainability through Nanotechnology Nanoelectronics for 2020 and Beyond Nanotechnology Knowledge Infrastructure Nanotechnology for Sensors

Nanotechnology for Solar Energy (2011-2015) Nanoplastics in the Environment (under consideration)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Nano for Sensors & Sensors for Nano

Improving and Protecting Health, Safety, and the Environment

For Diagnostics John Rogers, NU For visualization using magnetic sifter Sam Gambhir, Stanford University Medical School Vaporsens chemical sensor:

https://www.vaporsens.com/

Daniel Heller, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For plants. Liang Dong, Iowa State University

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Twelve global nano trends to 2020

10 year perspective, www.wtec.org/nano2/ (Ref. 4)

• Theory, modeling & simulation: x1000 faster, essential design
• “Direct” measurements – x6000 brighter, accelerate R&D&use
• A shift from “passive” to “active” nanostructures/nanosystems
• Nanosystems- some self powered,self repairing, dynamic, APM
• Penetration of nanotechnology in industry - toward mass use;

catalysts, electronics; innovation– platforms, consortia

• Nano-EHS – more predictive, integrated with nanobio & env.
• Personalized nanomedicine - from monitoring to treatment
• Photonics, electronics, magnetics – new integrated capabilities
• Energy photosynthesis, storage use – solar economic
• Enabling and integrating with new areas – bio, info, cognition
• Earlier preparing nanotechnology workers – system integration
• Governance of nano for societal benefit - institutionalization

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Topics in NSF nanomedicine supported nanotechnology S&E research portfolio

• Diagnostics: imaging diagnostics, blood analysis, saliva analysis
• Therapeutics: targeting drug delivery, targeted cancer detection

and therapy

• Nanostructured implantable materials: bones, scaffolds
• Regenerative medicine: tissue engineering, gene therapy for

health care, stem cells

• Single cell conditioning
• Vaccines
• Neuro-cognitive: neuro*, cognition, cogniti* sensors

Other topics in “Nanomedicine”

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

26 46 67 100 133 190 241 300 314 387 454 511 588 649 670 710 752 721 704

200 400 600 800

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Number of active nanomedicine awards in all categories: FY 2000-2018

$0 $20,000,000 $40,000,000 $60,000,000 $80,000,000 $100,000,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Nano amounts for active nanomedicine awards in all categories: FY 2000 - 2018

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Number of active nanomedicine awards

FY 2000-2018

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Diagnostics Theraputics Nano Implant Mtrl Regenerative Med. Single Cell Vaccines Neuro-Cognitive Other NanoMed

Therapeutics: largest component is drug delivery Regenerative medicine: largest component is tissue engineering

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Current nanotherapeutics characteristics

• Current carriers mostly are relatively simple nanoparticles and

nanocomposites (liposomes, polymers, shells, ..). They generally deliver conventional drugs that have previously approved

• By 2016, dozens of nanodrugs received FDA approval in the US, and

additional 77 are in the clinical trials. Hundreds of therapeutic nanoparticles are in the earlier stage of development

• Structure-activity relationships (e.g. size, charge, shape, composition,

architecture, magnetization) adapted to disease requirements. Trend: increase nanoparticle complexity and functions (e.g. surface architectures, nanocomposites)

Andre Nel, NASEM 2019

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Nanomaterial medicine formulations currently approved for marketing

(Frontiers in Pharmacology, Review publ. 17 July 2018; fda.gov; drug.com; ema.Europa.eu) Type Name Drug Indication

Liposomal NMs Doxil/Caelyx Doxorubicin HIV-related, myeloma, breast cancer,

• varian cancer

AmBisome Ampheotericin B Fungal infections Other 10 …… ……. Micellar NMs Genxol PM Paclitaxel Metastatic breast cancer, lung cancer Nnaoxel M Paclitaxel Breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer Protein NMs Abraxene Paclitaxel Breast cancer, pancreatic cancer,..

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Distribution of nanomedicine market

By application type

– Oncology ~1/3 (~17% - annual rate of increase 2016-2017) – Neurology ~1/4 (~17% - annual rate) – Anti-infective ~ 1/9 (~17% - annual rate) – Anti-inflammatory ~1/9 (~17% - annual rate) – Cardiovascular ~1/17 (~15% - annual rate)

Economy USA & Canada Europe Asia (incl. Japan) Latin America Africa Australia & New Zealand Market Share 42% 24% 21% 5% 4% 4%

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Major players in the global nanomedicine market

• Merck
• Hoffman - La Roche
• Novartis
• Amgen
• Pfizer
• Gilead Sciences
• Eli Lilly
• BASF
• Johnson & Johnson
• Abbott Laboratories
• GlaxoSmithKline
• Bristol-Myers
• GE Healthcare
• Nanobiotics
• Safoni
• UCB SA
• Shimadzu

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

NSF – discovery, innovation and education in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)

www.nsf.gov/ nano , www.nano.gov

• FY 2019 - 2021 Budgets - various planning stages

– Fundamental research > 6,000 active projects in all NSF directorates

(annual increases ~15% first decade, then ~ constant, with qualitative changes)

– Establishing the infrastructure > 30 centers & networks, 2 general user facilities – Training and education > 10,000 students and teachers/y; ~ $50M/y

FYs 2018 actual ~ $568 M (incl. related core programs)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Ex II: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (4 research ideas)

• Understanding the Rules of

Life: Predicting Phenotype

• Work at the Human-

Technology Frontier

• Data Science
• The Quantum Leap
• Windows on the Universe:

Multi-messenger Astrophysics

• Navigating the New Arctic

Ex II-III: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (2 research ideas)

MC Roco, Aug 12 2019

Ex II. “Understanding the Rules of Life” (NSF)

Signals in the soil

Image credit: S. Daunert, S. Deo and E. Dikici, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, U. of Miami

Semiconductor synthetic biology

Image credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, NSF

Synthetic cell

Image courtesy PLOS

• MC. Roco, Nov 8 2018

Understanding cells & nanobiosystems from the nanoscale

• Understanding the Rules of Life: Building a Synthetic Cell

(NSF 18-599)

https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2018/nsf18599/nsf18599.htm Create synthetic cells - constructed of biological or artificial materials that mimic functions of natural, living cells. Building synthetic cells either from scratch, or start with a natural cell and remove or add components.

• Understanding the Rules of Life: Epigenetics (NSF 18-600)

https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2018/nsf18600/nsf18600.htm By altering the way genes are read and expressed -- how, when and where specific genes are turned "off" or "on" -- two cells or whole

• rganisms with the same DNA sequence can appear or act differently.

Ex II. Examples of NSF programs (2019-2020)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Ex II: IoT with Nanosensors

Nanotechnology for Sensors

www.nano.gov/SensorsNSIPortal

Goals: 1 nm sensors self powered Wireless networked links Distributed network

Cyber-Physical Systems

METI 2016

NNI/NNCO, MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

16 NNCI Sites 13 Partners 17 States 68 Facilities >2000 Tools NSF Funded 2015-2020 $81M total

Director: Oliver Brand, Georgia Tech

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN)

• Over 1.4 million users annually
• Over 1,800 contributors 172 countries

NCN Cybe r Pla tfor m na noMF G Node Globa l na no S&E Community na noBIO Node

Cyberinfrastructure: 500+ nano-Apps in the cloud 5,500+ lectures and tutorials 100+ courses => MOOC 185 institutions

Director: Gerhard Klimeck, Purdue U.

NSF’s NS&E amount new awards per capita

FYs 2000 - 2018: U.S. average amount ~ $41 /capita

#1 MA $149 / capita (2000-2018)

2018: Over 7,000 active awards (abstracts on www.nsf.gov/nano) AK 5.93; AL 38.68; AR 33.88; AZ 44.81; CA 46.88; CO 66.97 ; CT 41.45; DC 133.66 ; DE 91.92 ; FL 13.19; GA 28.41; HI 3.27; IA 27.08; ID 20.78; IL 57.98; IN 51.52; KS 27.31; KY 19.59; LA 19.69; MA 148.80 ; MD 50.30; ME 10.72; MI 35.49; MN 39.53; MO 19.20; MS 28.01; MT 30.02; NC 44.44; ND 35.07; NE 61.88; NH 31.92; NJ 32.75; NM 36.65; NV 9.08; NY 74.21; OH 34.20; OK 19.79; OR 32.96; PA 60.69 ; PR 20.10; RI 96.61 ; SC 26.10; SD 50.66; TN 20.01; TX 25.72; UT 35.23; VA 31.23; VT 26.49; WA 31.19; WI 49.13; WV 25.51; WY 24.57

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

NS&E awards with international activity (21%)

Dec 4, 2018; http://dis-checker-p02:8002/solr/banana-sankey/dist/index.html#/dashboard

MPS ENG GEO BIO OD CSE EHR SBE

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Numbe ber of WoS p publ blications ns ( (2010-20 2018): 18): n nano* + + 27 27 keyw ywords.

Data as of July 16, 2019. WORLDWIDE

229 044

AFRICA, 6 107

• S. KOREA, 11 658

USA, 40 773 CHINA,

78 513

EU, 53 020

JAPAN, 10 096

000 60 000 120 000 180 000 240 000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Nanotechnology publications in the World 2010 - 2018

“Title-abstract” search in WoS by nano* + 27 keywords (method Nano2020, Ref 3)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Five countries’ contributions to Top 3 journals in 2018

(about the average for last 5 years)

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%

3 Journals Nature PNAS Science

US Germany France

• P. R. China

Japan * Each article is assigned to multiple countries if its authors have different nationalities. Therefore, the sum of percentages from five countries exceeds 100%; ** Combined Keywords

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

self-assembl* molecular model* STM or AFM quantum dot* plasmonic* microfluidic* graphen*

• ptoelectronic*

proteomic*

900 1800 2700 3600 4500

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

self-assembl* atom* model* molecular model* STM or AFM molecular motor* quantum dot* NEMS plasmonic* metamaterials* microfluidic* spintronic* molecular system* supramolecul* fullerene* dendrimers* graphen* 2D material* atom* layer deposition artificial photosynthe* cellulose fiber*

• ptoelectronic*

biophotonic*

• ptogenetic*

DNA computing

Nanotechnology publications in United States 2010 - 2018

“Title-abstract” search in WoS by individual keywords: nano* + 27 (method Nano2020, Ref 3)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Numbe ber of WoS p publ blications ns ( (2010-20 2018) f 18) from S South Korean-affil iliated ed a authors

• n
• n n

nanotechnolo logy u usin ing or

• rig

igin inal 2 27 keywords. Data as of July 8, 2019.

self-assembl* STM or AFM quantum dot* plasmonic* microfluidic* graphen*

atom* layer deposition

• ptoelectronic*

proteomic*

150 300 450 600 750

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

self-assembl* atom* model* molecular model* STM or AFM molecular motor* quantum dot* NEMS plasmonic* metamaterials* microfluidic* spintronic* molecular system* supramolecul* fullerene* dendrimers* graphen* 2D material* atom* layer deposition artificial photosynthe* cellulose fiber*

• ptoelectronic*

biophotonic*

• ptogenetic*

DNA computing

Nanotechnology publications in South Korea 2010 - 2018

“Title-abstract” search in WoS by individual keywords: nano* + 27 (method Nano2020, Ref 3)

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Total number of nanotechnology applications per year in the World 1991-2018

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Number of Published Patent Applications

Year

Number of nanotechnology applications per year

All applications Non-overlapping applications Year All applications Non-overlapping Applications 1991 224 224 2001 2,163 2,095 2018 45,335 42,736

Longitudinal evolution of the total number of nanotechnology patent applications in the 15 largest repositories per year (‘‘title abstract,’’ 1991–2018). *The numbers are based on “publication of patent application” in respective years. Data was obtained from UA NSE database (crawled from Espacenet) and EPO’s PATSTAT Online service (2012-2018). ** Started using Combined Keywords from 2014

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

# of Patents

USA Japan EU2 7 P.R. China Korea Total

2000-2017 Average worldwide annual growth rate ~15%

Nanotechnology patents at USPTO: 1991-2018 (data May 2019)

“Title-abstract” search of nanotechnology by keywords (update Chen and Roco [7])

U.S. patent authors maintain the lead at USPTO in 2018

U.S. ~ 70% in 2000 U.S. ~ 70% in 2005 U.S. ~ 62% in 2010 U.S. ~ 53% in 2017

Total - all countries U.S.

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Country/region distribution in the USPTO in 2001-2017

Comparing Nanotechnology Landscapes in the US and China: A Patent Analysis Perspective, JNR, Springer, 2019

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16%

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018

NSF-NSE Award/Paper/Patent Percentage

Year

Top 20 Journals' Nano Paper Percentage 3 Selected Journals' Nano Paper Percentage Title-claim Search's Nano Patent Percentage NSF Nano New Award Percentage #REF!

2013 World > $ 1T (Lux Res.)

Percentage rate of penetration of nanotechnology in NSF awards, WoS papers and USPTO patents (1991-2018)

Searched by keywords in the title/abstract/claims (update Encyclopedia Nanoscience, Roco, 2016) 2012-2017 NSF grants ~ 14% 2017 Top 20 nano J. ~ 13% 2017 Top 3 Journals ~ 6.0% 2017 USPTO patents ~ 2.7%

• Est. US Market / US GDP: 2014 ~ 2%; 2018 ~ 4.6%

Revenues market / GDP

US Market ~ 4.6%

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Nanotechnology - Several trends (1)

• Develop generalized theories, models and tools for

larger nanostructures (with complex information contents and interacting phenomena), and control of fundamental processes (such as self-assembling and quantum transition)

• Create hierarchical, modular, nano-precise NBICA

integrated design and manufacturing

• Emphasize nanotechnology for sustainability:

recyclability, water, energy, food, improve carbon-cycle

• Nano-controlled gene editing for medicine, agric., energy

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Nanotechnology - Several trends (2)

• Brain–to-brain, -machine, -like devices and systems
• Develop hardware for quantum entanglement,

communication and computing

• Nanotechnology for smart systems: general purpose AI

& Intelligence Augmentation (IA); Intelligent Cognitive Assistants; cyber-physical-human systems; personalized education, healthcare and other services.

• Convergence with other foundational technologies to

create new emerging S&T platforms

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019

Related publications

1. “Coherence and Divergence of Megatrends in Science and Engineering” (Roco, JNR, 2002) 2. “Nanotechnology: Convergence with Modern Biology and Medicine”, (Roco, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2003) 3. NANO1: “Nanotechnology research directions: Vision for the next decade” (Roco, Williams & Alivisatos, WH, 1999, also Springer, 316p, 2000) 4. NANO 2020: “Nanotechnology research directions for societal needs in 2020” (Roco, Mirkin & Hersam, Springer, 690p, 2011a) 5. NBIC: “Converging technologies for improving human performance: nano- bio-info-cognition” (Roco & Bainbridge, Springer, 468p, 2003) 6. CKTS: “Convergence of knowledge, technology and society: Beyond NBIC” (Roco, Bainbridge, Tonn & Whitesides; Springer, 604p, 2013b) 7. The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of knowledge, technology and society” (Roco & Bainbridge, JNR 2013a, 15) 8. “Principles and methods that facilitate convergence” (Roco, Springer Reference, Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence, 2015) 9. “Science and technology convergence, with emphasis for nanotechnology-inspired convergence” (Bainbridge & Roco, JNR, 2016)

• 10. HSTC: “Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence”

(Bainbridge & Roco, Springer Reference, 2016)

(4 reports with R&D recommendations for 2020)

This Nanotechnology Forum

• Exchange recent scientific results in both

countries in the topics selected for 2019:

• single cell research
• sensors for cognition and brain research
• Explore new research trends
• Facilitate collaborative opportunities

MC Roco, Sep 23 2019