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Session Viral Hepatitis B & D: Clinical Saturday April 25, 2015 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Session Viral Hepatitis B & D: Clinical Saturday April 25, 2015 Cihan Yurdaydin, MD 1 2 Optimizing the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib using ritonavir boosting in patients with chronic delta hepatitis Cihan Yurdaydin, Ramazan


  1. Session Viral Hepatitis B & D: Clinical Saturday April 25, 2015 Cihan Yurdaydin, MD 1 ¡

  2. 2 ¡

  3. Optimizing the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib using ritonavir boosting in patients with chronic delta hepatitis Cihan Yurdaydin, Ramazan Idilman, Ingrid Choong, Cagdas Kalkan, Onur Keskin, M Fatih Karakaya, E Ali Tuzun, Ersin Karatayli, Mithat Bozdayi, David Cory, Jeffrey S Glenn 3 ¡

  4. Hepatitis D Virus HBsAg • HDV is always associated with HBV Infection • HDV worldwide prevalence is 15 million • HDV is the most severe form of viral hepatitis More rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer - • No FDA approved Rx for HDV - In absence of an approved therapy, HDV screening is limited 4 ¡

  5. Classic Antivirals Ineffective Against HDV ¡ • IFN- α effective in ~ 25% of chronic HDV patients • HBV nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are ineffective • IFN- α + NAs (HIDIT 1 / HIDIT 2) no better than IFN • No direct acting agents have been studied for HDV ¡ 5 ¡ Yurdaydin et al, Sem Liver Dis 2013

  6. Prenylation is Key to HDV Life Cycle Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors Target Prenylation Entry ¡ Inhibitors ¡ e.g. ¡Farnesyl ¡ transferase ¡inhibitors ¡ 6 ¡ Ciancio et al; Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 11 , 68–71 (2014)

  7. Prenylation Inhibitors as Antivirals Compelling Preclinical Rationale Proof of Concept Virus Like Particle (VLP) Infectious Virus In-Vivo Animal Model 7 ¡ l Jeffrey S. Glenn

  8. Lonafarnib Well-Characterized Clinical Stage Lead Compound ¡ • Small molecule, oral, inhibitor of farnesyl transferase Br • Inhibits farnesylation of large delta antigen NH 2 N N N O - Blocks assembly and packing of viral particles O Br - High theoretical barrier to resistance Cl • Phase 2a POC in HDV infected patients completed - NIH study presented at 2014 AASLD (Boston) 8 ¡

  9. PEG IFN- α 2a* versus Lonafarnib in HDV % Patients Achieving ≥ 1 Log Decline in HDV-RNA NIH NIH LNF LNF 100 mg 200 mg BID BID 100 % Patients Achieving ≥ 1 Log VL Decline 100% 80 60 40 33% 20 0 9 ¡ Wöbse et al, AASLD 2014, # 1613; Koh et al, AASLD 2014, #1860.

  10. PEG IFN- α 2a* versus Lonafarnib in HDV % Patients Achieving ≥ 1 Log Decline in HDV-RNA NIH NIH HIDIT - 2 LNF LNF PEG IFN α 2a 180 mcg QW 100 mg 200 mg + BID BID Tenofovir QD 100 % Patients Achieving ≥ 1 Log VL Decline 100% 80 79% 68% 60 40 33% 33% 20 0 10 ¡ Wöbse et al, AASLD 2014, # 1613; Koh et al, AASLD 2014, #1860.

  11. PEG IFN- α 2a* versus Lonafarnib in HDV % Patients Achieving ≥ 1 Log Decline in HDV-RNA NIH NIH HIDIT - 2 LNF LNF ? PEG IFN α 2a 180 mcg QW 100 mg 200 mg + BID BID Tenofovir QD 100 % Patients Achieving ≥ 1 Log VL Decline 100% 80 79% 68% 60 40 33% 33% 20 0 11 ¡ Wöbse et al, AASLD 2014, # 1613; Koh et al, AASLD 2014, #1860.

  12. Aims of Study Explore if efficacy can be optimized by: • increasing lonafarnib dose • increasing lonafarnib intake frequency • combination therapy with peg-interferon • combination therapy with ritonavir 12 ¡

  13. LOWR HDV – 1 Study LO nafarnib W ith and without R itonavir Patients and Methods • Treatment duration 4 - 8 weeks • 72 hour PK and PD evaluation on day 1 and day 28 • Testing frequency: days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 and then Q2W – Biochemical parameters – HDV RNA (by in-house quantitative real-time PCR) – HBV DNA (by Cobas, Taqman, Amplicor) 13 ¡

  14. LOWR HDV – 1 Study LO nafarnib W ith and without R itonavir in HDV Month ¡1 ¡ Assess: Efficacy, Tolerability, PK, Viral Load n=3 ¡ Lonafarnib 200 mg BID n=3 ¡ Lonafarnib 300 mg BID n=3 ¡ Lonafarnib 100 mg TID n=3 ¡ Lonafarnib 100 mg BID + Ritonavir 100 mg QD n=3 ¡ Lonafarnib 100 mg BID + PEG IFN- α 180 mcg QW 14 ¡

  15. Day 28 Reduction in Serum HDV RNA LOWR-1 Lonafarnib Lonafarnib 100 mg BID 100 mg BID + + Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Ritonavir PEG IFN α 2a 0.5 100 mg TID 200 mg BID 300 mg BID 100 mg QD 180 mcg QW Change in Log HDV RNA copies/mL 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 Mean ∆ Mean ∆ - 1.5 Log - 1.6 Log -2 Mean ∆ Mean ∆ Mean ∆ - 2.0 Log - 2.2 Log - 1.8 Log -2.5 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 15 ¡

  16. Day 28 Reduction in Serum HDV RNA LOWR-1 NIH (AASLD 2014) Lonafarnib Lonafarnib 100 mg BID 100 mg BID + + Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Ritonavir PEG IFN α 2a 0.5 100 mg BID 200 mg BID 100 mg TID 200 mg BID 300 mg BID 100 mg QD 180 mcg QW Placebo Change in Log HDV RNA copies/mL 0 -0.5 Mean ∆ - 0.2 Log -1 Mean ∆ - 0.74 Log -1.5 Mean ∆ Mean ∆ Mean ∆ - 1.5 Log - 1.6 Log - 1.6 Log -2 Mean ∆ Mean ∆ Mean ∆ - 2.0 Log - 2.2 Log - 1.8 Log -2.5 N = 3 N = 4 N = 6 N = 6 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 16 ¡

  17. Day 28 Reduction in Serum HDV RNA LOWR-1 NIH (AASLD 2014) Lonafarnib Lonafarnib 100 mg BID 100 mg BID + + Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Lonafarnib Ritonavir PEG IFN α 2a 0.5 100 mg BID 200 mg BID 100 mg TID 200 mg BID 300 mg BID 100 mg QD 180 mcg QW Placebo Change in Log HDV RNA copies/mL 0 -0.5 Mean ∆ - 0.2 Log -1 Mean ∆ - 0.74 Log -1.5 Mean ∆ Mean ∆ Mean ∆ - 1.5 Log - 1.6 Log - 1.6 Log -2 Mean ∆ Mean ∆ Mean ∆ - 2.0 Log - 2.2 Log - 1.8 Log -2.5 N = 3 N = 4 N = 6 N = 6 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 N = 3 17 ¡

  18. LOWR HDV – 1 LO nafarnib W ith and without R itonavir Month 1 Month 2 Boost with Ritonavir LNF ¡+ ¡RTN ¡ LNF ¡+ ¡RTN ¡ Lonafarnib 100 mg BID Lonafarnib 100 mg BID N=10 ¡ N=10 ¡ N=3 + + Ritonavir 100 mg QD Ritonavir 100 mg QD Complement with PEG IFN LNF ¡+ ¡RTN ¡ LNF ¡+ ¡RTN ¡ Lonafarnib 100 mg BID Lonafarnib 100 mg BID N=10 ¡ N=10 ¡ + + N=3 PEG IFN α 2a 180 mcg QW PEG IFN α 2a 180 mcg QW Assessments: Safety, Tolerability, HDV-RNA, PK 18 ¡

  19. Viral Load Declines on Lonafarnib + Ritonavir Week 4 Mean Change in HDV-RNA Viral Load -2.2 Log Week 8 Mean Change in HDV-RNA Viral Load -3.2 Log Lonafarnib 100 mg BID + Ritonavir 100 mg QD Post-treatment 1.0 ¡ 0.0 ¡ Change in Log HDV RNA copies/mL -­‑1.0 ¡ -­‑2.0 ¡ -­‑3.0 ¡ BLQ PaBent ¡1 ¡ PaBent ¡2 ¡ -­‑4.0 ¡ PaBent ¡3 ¡ -­‑5.0 ¡ undetectable -­‑6.0 ¡ 0 ¡ 10 ¡ 20 ¡ 30 ¡ 40 ¡ 50 ¡ 60 ¡ 70 ¡ 80 ¡ Days 19 ¡ BLQ = below limit of quantification

  20. Normalization of ALT on Lonafarnib + Ritonavir ALT Levels Maintained After Treatment Lonafarnib 100 mg BID + Ritonavir 100 mg QD Post-treatment 300 ¡ 250 ¡ PaBent ¡1 ¡ PaBent ¡2 ¡ 200 ¡ PaBent ¡3 ¡ ALT U/L 150 ¡ 100 ¡ 50 ¡ Normal ¡ 10-­‑40 ¡U/L ¡ 0 ¡ 0 ¡ 2 ¡ 4 ¡ 6 ¡ 8 ¡ 10 ¡ 12 ¡ Week 20 ¡

  21. Lonafarnib PK Boosted by Ritonavir Serum Concentration Increased 4-5 Fold 21 ¡

  22. Viral Load Declines on Lonafarnib + Peg IFN Week 4 Mean Change -1.8 Log Week 8 Mean Change -3.0 Log LNF 100 mg BID + PEG IFN 180 mcg QW Post-treatment 0.0 ¡ -­‑0.5 ¡ Change in Log HDV RNA copies/mL -­‑1.0 ¡ -­‑1.5 ¡ -­‑2.0 ¡ -­‑2.5 ¡ -­‑3.0 ¡ PaBent ¡1 ¡ PaBent ¡2 ¡ -­‑3.5 ¡ PaBent ¡3 ¡ -­‑4.0 ¡ 0 ¡ 2 ¡ 4 ¡ 6 ¡ 8 ¡ 10 ¡ 12 ¡ Week 22 ¡

  23. ALT Improvement of Lonafarnib + PEG IFN ALT Levels Continue to Decline After Treatment 200 Lonafarnib 100 mg BID + PEG IFN α 2a 180 mcg QW Post Treatment 150 PaBent ¡1 ¡ PaBent ¡2 ¡ PaBent ¡3 ¡ ALT U/L 100 50 Normal ¡ 10-­‑40 ¡U/L ¡ 0 Day 1 Day 28 Day 35 Day 56 Day 84 Week 0 Week 4 Week 5 Week 8 Week 12 23 ¡

  24. Earlier VL Decline with Lonafarnib Combination Lonafarnib Combinations Display Biphasic Kinetics and More Rapid Onset 0.0 Post-treatment On-Treatment -0.5 Mean Viral Load Change ( Log Copies/mL) -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 LNF 100 mg BID + RTN 100 mg QD -3.0 (N=3) LNF 100 mg BID + PEG IFN- α 2a 180 mcg QW -3.5 (N=3) -4.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Week 24 ¡

  25. Earlier VL Decline with Lonafarnib Combination Lonafarnib Combinations Display Biphasic Kinetics and More Rapid Onset 0.0 Post-treatment On-Treatment -0.5 Mean Viral Load Change ( Log Copies/mL) HIDIT-2: PEG IFN 180 mcg QW ± tenofovir QD -1.0 (N=91) -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 LNF 100 mg BID + RTN 100 mg QD -3.0 (N=3) LNF 100 mg BID + PEG IFN- α 2a 180 mcg QW -3.5 (N=3) -4.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Week 25 ¡

  26. Earlier VL Decline with Lonafarnib Combination Lonafarnib Combinations Display Biphasic Kinetics and More Rapid Onset 0 ¡ -­‑0.5 ¡ -­‑1 ¡ Mean VL Change (Log IU/mL) -­‑1.5 ¡ HIDIT-2: PEG IFN 180 mcg QW ± tenofovir QD (N=91) -­‑2 ¡ -­‑2.5 ¡ LNF ¡100 ¡mg ¡BID ¡+ ¡PEG ¡IFN ¡180 ¡mcg ¡QW ¡ (N=3) -­‑3 ¡ LNF ¡100 ¡mg ¡BID ¡+ ¡RTN ¡100 ¡mg ¡QD ¡ (N=3) -­‑3.5 ¡ 0 ¡ 5 ¡ 10 ¡ 15 ¡ 20 ¡ 25 ¡ 30 ¡ 35 ¡ 40 ¡ 45 ¡ Week 26 ¡

  27. Side effects Improved with LNF Combos • Mainly GI side effects • Graded according to C ommon T erminology C riteria for A dverse E vents • Lonafarnib chronically dosed in Progeria for 2 years (PNAS, 2012 , 16666) 27 ¡

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