SEPTEMBER2020 Disclaimer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
SEPTEMBER2020 Disclaimer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
SEPTEMBER2020 Disclaimer
Disclaimer
ThismanagementpresentationisintendedtoprovideanoverviewofthebusinessofHut8MiningCorp.(“Hut8”orthe“Company”).Ithasbeenpreparedforinformationpurposes
- nlyanddoesnotpurporttobecomplete.Itisnotintendedtoberelieduponasadvicetoorasasolicitationfrominvestorsorpotentialinvestorsinconnectionwithadistributionof
securitiesoftheCompanyanddoesnottakeintoaccounttheinvestmentobjectives,financialsituationorneedsofanyparticularinvestor.Ourfinancialprojectionswerenot preparedwithaviewtowardcompliancewithpublishedguidelinesoftheInternationalFinancialReportingStandardsorAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsandhave notbeenexamined,reviewedorcompiledbyouraccountantsorauditors.Ourfinancialprojectionsrepresentourestimatesasofthedatesindicatedthereon. Certainstatementsinthispresentationmayconstitute“forward-looking”statements.Whenusedinorinrelationtothispresentation,suchstatementsusewordsincluding,butnot limitedto,“may”,“will”,“expect”,“believe”,“plan”,“intend”,“anticipate”,"future"andothersimilarterminology(includingnegativevariationsthereof)andinclude,withoutlimitation, statementsorinformationwithrespectto:theCompany’sfuturegrowth,resultsofoperations,performance,futurecapitalandotherexpenditures(includingtheamount,natureand sourcesoffundingthereof),plannedexpansionandbusinessprospectsandopportunities.Theseforward-lookingstatementsreflectthecurrentexpectationsofHut8’smanagement regardingfutureevents,operatingperformanceorotherachievements,orpotentialmattersrelatingtoanyoftheforegoing,oftheCompany,butinvolveknownandunknownrisks, uncertaintiesandotherfactorswhichmaycausetheactualresults,performanceorachievementsoftheCompany,orindustryresults,tobemateriallydifferentfromanyfuture results,performanceorachievementsexpressedorimpliedbysuchforward-lookingstatements.Suchstatementsreflectmanagement’scurrentviewsandarebasedoncertain assumptions;thereadermusttakenotethatthereisnocertaintythattheCompanywillachieveorundertakeanyspecificactivityinrespectthereto.Theyare,bynecessity,only estimatesoffutureresults,performance,achievementsordevelopments,andtheactualresults,performance,achievementsordevelopmentsmaydiffermateriallyfromthese statementsduetoanumberofknownandunknownfactors,uncertaintiesandrisks,includingtherisksspecifiedelsewhereinthispresentation.Investorsarecautionednottoplace unduerelianceontheseforward-lookingstatements.Anyforward-lookinginformationhereinisqualifiedbythesecautionarystatements,andalthoughanyforward-looking informationcontainedhereinisbasedonwhatmanagementbelievesarereasonableassumptions,therecanbenoassurancethatactualresultsoroutcomeswillbeconsistentwith theseforward-lookingstatements.Anyforward-lookingstatementsaremadeasofthedateofthispresentation,and,exceptasmayberequiredbyapplicablelaw,theCompanydoes notassumeanyobligationtoupdateorrevisethemtoreflectnewinformation,events,circumstancesorotherwise.Theinformationcontainedinthispresentation,including informationrelatedtobitcoinandthecryptocurrencyindustrygenerally,isderivedfrommanagementoftheCompanyandotherwisefrompubliclyavailableinformationanddoesnot purporttocontainalloftheinformationthataninvestormaydesiretohaveinevaluatingwhetherornottomakeaninvestmentinHut8.Theinformationhasnotbeenindependently verified,whichmayprovetobeimprecise,andissubjecttomaterialupdating,revisionandfurtheramendment.Whilemanagementisnotawareofanymisstatementsregardingany industrydatapresentedherein,norepresentationorwarranty,expressorimplied,ismadeorgivenbyoronbehalfofHut8astotheaccuracy,completenessorfairnessofthe informationoropinionscontainedinthispresentationandnoresponsibilityorliabilityisacceptedbyanypersonforsuchinformationoropinions.Noopinion,whetherexpressor implied,ismadeastoanycorrelationbetweenthecurrentandhistoricalpriceofbitcoinandthefuturefinancialperformanceoftheCompany,norshouldanysuchopinionbe inferred. ThispresentationdoesnotconstituteanoffertosellorasolicitationofanoffertobuyanysecuritiesofHut8intheUnitedStates.ThesecuritiesofHut8havenotbeen,andwillnot be,registeredundertheUnitedStatesSecuritiesActof1933,asamended,oranystatesecuritieslaws,andsuchsecuritiesmaynotbeofferedorsoldintheUnitedStatesortoU.S. personsunlessregisteredorexempttherefrom. Thispresentationmayhavebeensenttoyouinanelectronicform.Youareremindedthatdocumentstransmittedviathismediummaybealteredorchangedduringtheprocessof electronictransmission.Youareresponsibleforprotectingagainstvirusesandotherdestructiveitems.Yourreceiptofthiselectronictransmissionisatyourownriskanditisyour responsibilitytotakeprecautionstoensurethatitisfreefromvirusesandotheritemsofadestructivenature.Asaconsequenceoftheabove,neithertheCompanynoranydirector,
- fficer,employeeoragentofanyofthemoranyaffiliateofanysuchpersonacceptsanyliabilityorresponsibilitywhatsoeverinrespectofanydifferencebetweenthepresentation
distributedtoyouinelectronicformatandthehardcopyversionthatmaybemadeavailabletoyou.
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Disclaimer(CONT’D)
Thispresentationanditscontentsareconfidentialandarebeingsuppliedtoyousolelyforyourinformationandmaynotbereproduced,furtherdistributedorpublishedinwholeorin partbyanyotherperson.Neitherthispresentationnoranycopyofitmaybetakenortransmittedintoordistributedinanyotherjurisdictionwhichprohibitsthesameexceptin compliancewithapplicablelaws.Anyfailuretocomplywiththisrestrictionmayconstituteaviolationofapplicablesecuritieslaw.Recipientsarerequiredtoinformthemselvesof, andcomplywith,allsuchrestrictionsorprohibitionsandtheCompanydoesnotacceptliabilitytoanypersoninrelationthereto.Byreceivingacopyofthispresentation,youhereby agreetobeboundbytheforegoingprovisions. Thepresentationpresentscertainnon-GAAP(“GAAP”referstoGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples)financialmeasurestoassistreadersinunderstandingtheCompany’s performance.Thesenon-GAAPmeasuresdonothaveanystandardizedmeaningandthereforeareunlikelytobecomparabletosimilarmeasurespresentedbyotherissuersand shouldnotbeconsideredinisolationorasasubstituteformeasuresofperformancepreparedinaccordancewithGAAP.Managementusesthesenon-GAAPmeasuresto supplementtheanalysisandevaluationofoperatingperformance. Pleaseseetheslidestitled“RiskFactors”foradescriptionofpotentialrisksandotherfactorsinconnectionwithourbusiness.The“forward-looking”statementsinthispresentation areexpresslyqualifiedbythiscautionarystatement. Thispressreleasepresentscertainnon-GAAP(“GAAP”referstoGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples)financialmeasurestoassistreadersinunderstandingtheCompany’s performance.Thesenon-GAAPmeasuresdonothaveanystandardizedmeaningandthereforeareunlikelytobecomparabletosimilarmeasurespresentedbyotherissuersand shouldnotbeconsideredinisolationorasasubstituteformeasuresofperformancepreparedinaccordancewithGAAP.Managementusesthesenon-GAAPmeasuresto supplementtheanalysisandevaluationofoperatingperformance. Thefollowingtermsareused,whicharenotfoundintheCharteredProfessionalAccountantsofCanadaHandbookanddonothaveastandardizedmeaningunderGAAP. EBITDA(EarningsbeforeInterest,Taxes,Depreciation,andAmortization)
- “EBITDA”representsnetincomeorlossexcludingnetfinanceincomeorexpense,incometaxorrecovery,depreciation,andamortization.
- “AdjustedEBITDA”representsEBITDAadjustedtoexcludeshare-basedcompensation,fairvaluelossorgainonrevaluationofdigitalassets,write-offs,andcosts
associatedwithone-timetransactions(suchaslistingfees).
- “AdjustedEBITDAMargin”representsAdjustedEBITDAasapercentageofrevenue.
EBITDAisusedtoshowongoingprofitabilitywithouttheimpactofnon-cashaccountingpolicies,capitalstructure,andtaxation.Thisprovidesaconsistentcomparablemetricfor profitability. “MiningProfit”representsgrossprofit(revenuelesscostofrevenue),excludingdepreciation.“MiningProfitMargin”representsMiningProfitasapercentageofrevenue.Mining ProfitandMiningProfitMarginshowthecashexpensesagainsttherevenuewithouttheimpactofnon-cashaccountingpoliciessuchasdepreciation. “CostperBitcoin”representscostofrevenueexcludingdepreciation,dividedbythenumberofbitcoinminedintheperiod.Thismetriciscommonlyreferencedinthebitcoinmining industryandisimportanttogainanunderstandingoftheprofitabilityinreferencetothepriceofbitcoin.
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Hut8isoneofthelargestpublicbitcoinminers intheworld,withoperationsinAlberta,Canada. Hut8createsvalueforinvestorsthroughlow costbitcoinminingproductionandappreciation
- fitsbitcoininventory.
Hut8providesinvestorswithexposuretobitcoin withoutthetechnicalcomplexityofpurchasing theunderlyingcryptocurrency. TSX:HUT OTCQX:HUTMF
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IndustryOverview
Bitcoin
- Bitcoinisthefirstandlargestcryptocurrency,bitcoindominancebetween50-75%
- Todate,~18millionbitcoinexistandonly21millionbitcoinwilleverexist
- Bitcoinisdeflationarywiththebitcoinblockrewardhalvingeveryfouryears
- BitcointransactionsarestoredonadigitalpublicledgercalledtheBlockchain
- Itisexpectedthatallbitcoinwillbeminedby2140
Blockchain
- TheBitcoinBlockchainisacloud-baseddigitalpublicledgerwherebitcointransactionsaregroupedtogether
andrepresentedasablockinanetworkchain
- TheBlockchainismaintainedbyacommunityofusers.Alltransactionsontheblockchainaretransparent
- Itisdesignedtomakeitimpossibletoadd,removeorchangedatawithoutbeingdetectedbyusers
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BitcoinAdvantages
- Globalmobility–abitcoinisthesameeverywhereintheworldregardlessoflocalpoliticsand
governmentintervention
- Highdailytransactionvolume–bitcointrades24/7
- Lowtransactioncosts–minimalfeestotransportbitcoinquicklyanywhereintheworld
- Independentfrominterferencefromgovernmentsorcentralbanks–operatesviaamathematical
algorithmandprotectedthroughcryptography
- Fixedsupply–only21millionbitcoinwilleverexist,makingbitcoinscarceandareliabletoolagainstfiat
currencyinflation.
- Storageofvalue–morepracticalandversatilethangoldasawaytopreservewealtherosiondueto
localizedinflation,economicdysfunctionandgovernmentcorruption
IndustryOverview
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CharacteristicsofbothBitcoinandGold
- Scarcity–only21millionbitcoinwilleverexist,makingbitcoinscarceandareliabletoolagainstfiat
currencydepreciation.
- Durable–becauseit’sadigitalassetthatisheldonaledgerkeptbypeopleallaroundtheworld,it’svery
durableandcanbeuseanywhere.
- Portable–duetoit’sdigitalnature,itcanbebroughtanywhere,allthat’sneededisaprivatekey.
- Divisible–currentlyonebitcoincanbedivisibleby100million.
- Authenticity/Unique–bitcoinisimmutableandcannotbeduplicatedorcounterfeited.
- Storage–simpletostorewithmanylargeplayersinvestinginthespaceincludingGoldmanSachs,Visa,
andFidelity.
- Fungible–everybitcoinisthesameandcanbesentdigitallyviaaprivatekey.
BitcoinasGold2.0andaCurrency
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Bitcoin:Evolution
▪
Bitcoindeemednota‘security’bySECchairman
▪
RegulatedbyCFTCasacommodity
▪
DistinguishedfromothercryptocurrencieswhichareunderreviewbySEC
Regulation
▪
Institutionalcustodialservicesbykeytraditionalmarketplayers
▪
PathwayforUSbankstoactascustodianforcustomers
▪
Fidelitytogrowcustodianservices.GoldmanSachsviaBitgo,VisaviaAnchorage
▪
Majorplayers,suchasLloyd’s,providinginsurancetocustodians
Custody
▪
Grayscale(largesbitcointrust)withUS$5billionofAUM
▪
CanadianbitcointrustsetupwithoverCA$100millionofAUM
▪
ETFapplicationsbymajorassetmanagersunderSECreview
▪
Institutionalinterestasaresultofworldwideinflationarypressureonfiatcurrencies
InvestorBase
▪
VisahasteamedupwithCoinbasetoprovideapaymentsolutions
▪
Lightningnetworkcanbeusedtoshopate-commercesiteslikeAmazon
▪
AppleandSamsungincorporatingcryptowalletandsecurityinnewdevices
Adoption
▪
EvolvingfuturesmarketbyCME,CBOEandNYSEviaBakkt
▪
TDAmeritradeinvestmentinErisX,acryptocurrencyexchange
▪
Cashapp,Wealthfront,andRobinhoodofferingbitcointoretailinvestors
Trading
Location
MedicineHat Drumheller Total Self-mining2 Hosting Self-mining
BlockboxAC
50 6 38 94
InstalledPower1
58MW 6MW 39MW 103MW
Hashpower1
547PH/s n/a 328PH/s 875PH/s
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Overview:CurrentAssetBase
1. Figuresreflectfulloperationalcapacity.Actualfiguresvarydailybasedonoptimizingefficiencyfromthepriceofbitcoin,miningdifficultyand electricitycosts,whicharedynamicandmovefrequently.Inaddition,BlockBoxesmaybetemporarilyplacedinstandbymodefornormal maintenance. 2. IncludesM31SandM31S+installedinSeptember2020,doesnotincludeM30Sordered.
- Hut8closedanCA$8.3millionfinancingonJune25,2020ofwhichtheentireproceedswereallocatedto
upgradetothelatestgenerationbitcoinminer.
- Thisequipmenthasbeentestedonsiteforthreemonthsinpreparationoftheupgrade.
- TheequipmentwillbeinstalledinMedicineHatalongsideourlowestpricedenergy.
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Overview:RecentFinancing+Upgrade
CompetitiveAdvantage
Secure,Low-CostElectricity
- ElectricityinMedicineHatisgeneratedfrom
combinationofnaturalgasandwindpower
- Streamlinedoperationalcostsandnegotiatedrent
andpropertytaxestominimallevels.
- GreatrelationshipwiththecityofMedicinewith
specialcontractsinceMedicineHatrunningtheir
- wngrid.
- 10-yearelectricitysupplyagreementandland
leaseagreementinMedicineHat,signedin2018
- Havebuiltupgreatexpertisewiththeteamatthe
facilitiestomaximizeoutput.
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Management
JimmyVaiopoulos
InterimCEO
JimmyhasbeenwithHut8forovertwoyearsjoiningshortlyafteritwentpublic.HewaspreviouslytheCFOof Hut8andinvolvedwiththebuildingoftheflagshipMedicineHatfacilityanduplistingtotheTSX,beingthe firstcryptocurrencycompanytodoso.Jimmyhasextensiveexperiencefromsmallcompaniestolargepublic companieshavingworkedintheenergy,infrastructure,andtraditionalminingindustries.Healsoworkedwith KPMGinbothauditandadvisorypracticesandisamemberoftheCharteredProfessionalAccountantsof BritishColumbia.HeholdsaBachelorofEngineeringSciencefromWesternUniversityandanHonours BusinessAdministrationfromtheRichardIveySchoolofBusiness. 12
KyleAppleby
InterimCFO
KylewastheinitialCFObeforeandafterHut8wentpublicuntilJuly2018.KylehasbeenprovidingCFO servicestoanumberofpublicandprivatecompaniesbothdomesticandinternational.Hehasfocusedon assistingcompanieswithfinancialreportingandcontrols,governance,operations,regulatorycomplianceand taxation.Priorto2007,KyleworkedforseveralpublicaccountingfirmsinCanada.Heisamemberingood standingoftheCharteredProfessionalAccountantsofCanadaandtheCharteredProfessionalAccountants
- fOntario.
BoardofDirectors
BillTai
Chairman
BillTaiisaBoardDirectorofBitfuryandco-founder ChairmanofdatasciencecompanyTreasureData.Heis anearlyseedinvestorbehindhighprofilestartupsCanva, ColorGenomics,Tweetdeck/Twitter,Wish.comandZoom Video.HeisaPartnerEmeritusforCRVafterestablishing theirSiliconValleyoffice.Previouslyhefoundedseveral successfultechnologycompaniesandservedasBoard Directorof7publiclylistedcompanies.HeholdsaBSEE withHonorsfromtheUniversityofIllinoisandanMBAfrom Harvard.
JoeFlinn
JosephFlinnjoinsHut8following12yearsofsenior leadershipatSyscoCorporation,whereheplayedan integralroleasbothChiefFinancialOfficerofSysco Canada,andPresidentofSyscoCanada’sEasternDivision, and2yearsasPresidentofClarkeFreightTransportation Group,amajornationalfreightcarrier.Mr.Flinnholdsa businessdegreefromSaintMary’sUniversityandisa charteredprofessionalaccountant.CurrentlyMr.Flinnis theCFOofSeaboardTransportationGroup,amajor internationalbulktransportationgroupofcompanies.
JeremySewell
JeremySewellistheChiefFinancialOfficerfortheBitfury Groupandhas30yearsofextensiveinternationalfinancial, commercialandoperatingexperience.Hewasmost recentlyCFOoftheSiliconValleyfintechcompany eCurrency,whereheledtheequityinvestmentfromeBay FounderPierreOmidyar’sVCandBridgewaterAssociates andFarallonCapitalhedgefundfoundersRayDalioand TomSteyer.
DennisMills
FormerMemberofParliamentofCanadafor16yearswith rolesincludingworkingwiththeMinisterofIndustry.Held leadershippositionsatMagnaEntertainmentfrom2004to 2008followedbyCEOofMIDevelopments,aglobalreal estatecompany,from2008to2010.Dennisservedonthe boardofPacificRubialesEnergyandiscurrentlyonthe boardofCGXEnergy.
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Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2019 Q1-2020 Q2-2020
Revenue $49,439,100 $81,990,119 $12,739,901 $9,229,659 GrossMining Profit $24,565,572 $36,541,570 $134,015 $586,370 GrossMining ProfitMargin1 50% 45% 1% 6% AdjustedEBITDA2 $19,291,271 $33,523,508 $(558,053) $(85,515) BitcoinMined 5,592 8,618 1,116 795 CostperBitcoin (USD) $3,423 $3,978 $8,411 $7,792
Financial:IncomeStatement
1Doesnotincludedepreciation 2EBITDAexcludinglistingcosts,write-downs,unrealizedgain/loss,andsharebasedcompensation
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CapitalizationandOwnership
TSX: HUT SharesOutstanding1: 96,731,824 TotalDebt2: US$20million Cash3: $8.7million DigitalAssets3: $36.8million Warrants1: 8,317,205 Options1: 795,000 RSUs1: 241,667
1AsatAugust13,2020 2LoanwithGenesisGlobalCapital(US$20million)asatJune30,2020 3AsatJune30,2020;at$12,453(US$9,138)Bitcoinprice
RiskFactors
DuetothenatureofHut8’sbusiness,thelegalandeconomicclimateinwhichitoperatesanditspresentstageandproposedoperations,theCompanyissubjecttosignificantrisks.TheCompany’sfuturedevelopment andactualoperatingresultsmaybeverydifferentfromthoseexpectedasatthedateofthispresentation.Readersshouldcarefullyconsiderallsuchrisks,whichinclude,butarenotlimitedto,theriskspresented below. Therecentoutbreakofthecoronavirus,alsoknownas“COVID-19,”hasspreadacrosstheglobeandisimpactingworldwideeconomicactivity.Conditionssurroundingthecoronaviruscontinuetorapidlyevolveand governmentauthoritieshaveimplementedemergencymeasurestomitigatethespreadofthevirus.Theoutbreakandtherelatedmitigationmeasuresmayhaveanadverseimpactonglobaleconomicconditionsas wellasontheCompany’sbusinessactivities.TheextenttowhichthecoronavirusmayimpacttheCompany’sbusinessactivitieswilldependonfuturedevelopments,suchastheultimategeographicspreadofthe disease,thedurationoftheoutbreak,travelrestrictions,businessdisruptions,andtheeffectivenessofactionstakeninCanadaandothercountriestocontainandtreatthedisease.Theeffectthattheseeventswill haveonthepriceofbitcoin,theabilityfortheCompanytoraisecapitalandthesupplyofupgradedequipmenthighlyuncertainandassuch,theCompanycannotdeterminetheirfinancialimpactatthistime. AdditionalFundingRequirements:FurtheracquisitionsofAdditionalDatacenterswillrequireadditionalcapital,theongoingoperationofHut8willrequiremonthlypaymentsundertheMasterServicesAgreement,and theCompanywillrequirefundstooperateasapubliccompany.ThereisnoassurancethattheHut8willbesuccessfulinobtainingtherequiredfinancingfortheseorotherpurposes,includingforgeneralworking capital. ConflictsofInterest:CertainoftheofficersanddirectorsoftheCompanyarealsodirectors,officersorshareholdersofothercompanies.Suchassociationsmaygiverisetoconflictsofinterestfromtimetotime.In addition,certainproposeddirectorsoftheCompanyareprincipalsofBitfury,whowillbeacontrollingshareholderoftheCompanyandthecommercialpartnerundertheServicesAgreement.ThedirectorsoftheHut8 willberequiredbylawtoacthonestlyandingoodfaithwithaviewtothebestinterestsoftheHut8andtodiscloseanyinterestwhichtheymayhaveinanyprojectoropportunityoftheHut8.Ifaconflictarisesata meetingoftheBoard,anydirectorinaconflictwilldisclosehisinterestandabstainfromvotingonsuchmatter.IndeterminingwhetherornottheHut8willparticipateinanyprojectoropportunity,thedirectorwill primarilyconsiderthedegreeofrisktowhichtheHut8maybeexposedanditsfinancialpositionatthattime. Dividends:Todate,theCompanyhasnotpaidanydividendsonitsoutstandingsecuritiesandtheHut8doesnotexpecttodosointheforeseeablefuture.AnydecisiontopaydividendsontheHut8Shareswillbe madebytheBoardofDirectors. RegulatorychangesoractionsmayalterthenatureofaninvestmentintheCompanyorrestricttheuseofcryptocurrenciesinamannerthatadverselyaffectstheCompany’soperations:Ascryptocurrencieshavegrown inbothpopularityandmarketsize,governmentsaroundtheworldhavereacteddifferentlytocryptocurrencieswithcertaingovernmentsdeemingthemillegalwhileothershaveallowedtheiruseandtrade.On-going andfutureregulatoryactionsmayalter,perhapstoamateriallyadverseextent,theabilityoftheCompanytocontinuetooperate.TheeffectofanyfutureregulatorychangeontheCompanyoranycryptocurrencythat the Company may mine is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Company. Governments may in the future curtail or outlaw, the acquisition, use or redemption of cryptocurrencies.Ownershipof,holdingortradingincryptocurrenciesmaythenbeconsideredillegalandsubjecttosanction.Governmentsandtaxationauthoritiesmayalsotakeregulatoryactionthatmayincrease thecostand/orsubjectcryptocurrencycompaniestoadditional regulation. Governmentsmayinthefuturetakeregulatoryactionsthatprohibitorseverelyrestricttherighttoacquire,own,hold,sell,useortrade cryptocurrenciesortoexchangecryptocurrenciesforfiatcurrency.Byextension,similaractionsbyothergovernments,mayresultintherestrictionoftheacquisition,ownership,holding,selling,useortradingintheHut 8Shares.SucharestrictioncouldresultintheCompanyliquidatingitsbitcoininventoryatunfavorablepricesandmayadverselyaffecttheCompany’sshareholders. Thevalueofcryptocurrenciesmaybesubjecttomomentumpricingrisk:Momentumpricingtypicallyisassociatedwithgrowthstocksandotherassetswhosevaluation,asdeterminedbytheinvestingpublic,accounts foranticipatedfutureappreciationinvalue.Cryptocurrencymarketpricesaredeterminedprimarilyusingdatafromvariousexchanges,over-the-countermarkets,andderivativeplatforms.Momentumpricingmayhave resulted,andmaycontinuetoresult,inspeculationregardingfutureappreciationinthevalueofcryptocurrencies,inflatingandmakingtheirmarketpricesmorevolatile.Asaresult,theymaybemorelikelytofluctuate invalueduetochanginginvestorconfidenceinfutureappreciation(ordepreciation)intheirmarketprices,whichcouldadverselyaffectthevalueoftheCompany’sbitcoininventoryandtherebyaffecttheCompany’s shareholders. Cryptocurrencyexchangesandothertradingvenuesarerelativelynewand,inmostcases,largelyunregulatedandmaythereforebemoreexposedtofraudandfailure:Totheextentthatcryptocurrencyexchangesor
- thertradingvenuesareinvolvedinfraudorexperiencesecurityfailuresorotheroperationalissues,thiscouldresultinareductionincryptocurrencyprices.Cryptocurrencymarketpricesdepend,directlyorindirectly,
- nthepricessetonexchangesandothertradingvenues,whicharenewand,inmostcases,largelyunregulatedascomparedtoestablished,regulatedexchangesforsecurities,derivativesandothercurrencies.For
example,duringthepastthreeyears,anumberofbitcoinExchangeshavebeenclosedduetofraud,businessfailureorsecuritybreaches.Inmanyoftheseinstances,thecustomersoftheclosedbitcoinExchanges werenotcompensatedormadewholeforthepartialorcompletelossesoftheiraccountbalancesinsuchbitcoinExchanges.Whilesmallerexchangesarelesslikelytohavetheinfrastructureandcapitalizationthat providelargerexchangeswithadditionalstability,largerexchangesmaybemorelikelytobeappealingtargetsforhackersand“malware”(i.e.,softwareusedorprogrammedbyattackerstodisruptcomputeroperation, gathersensitiveinformationorgainaccesstoprivatecomputersystems)andmaybemorelikelytobetargetsofregulatoryenforcementaction.
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RiskFactors(CONT’D)
TheCompany’scryptocurrencyinventorymaybeexposedtocybersecuritythreatsandhacks:Aswithanyothercomputercode,flawsinthecryptocurrencycodeshavebeenexposedbycertainmaliciousactors.Several errorsanddefectshavebeenfoundandcorrected,includingthosethatdisabledsomefunctionalityforusersandexposedusers’information.Discoveryofflawsinorexploitationsofthesourcecodethatallow maliciousactorstotakeorcreatemoneyhavebeenrelativelyrare. Banksmaynotprovidebankingservices,ormaycutoffbankingservices,tobusinessesthatprovidecryptocurrency-relatedservicesorthatacceptcryptocurrenciesaspayment:Anumberofcompaniesthatprovide bitcoinand/orothercryptocurrency-relatedserviceshavebeenunabletofindbanksthatarewillingtoprovidethemwithbankaccountsandbankingservices.Similarly,anumberofsuchcompanieshavehadtheir existingbankaccountsclosedbytheirbanks.Banksmayrefusetoprovidebankaccountsandotherbankingservicesto bitcoinand/orothercryptocurrency-relatedcompaniesorcompaniesthataccept cryptocurrenciesforanumberofreasons,suchasperceivedcompliancerisksorcosts.Thedifficultythatmanybusinessesthatprovide bitcoinand/orothercryptocurrency-relatedserviceshaveandmaycontinueto haveinfindingbankswillingtoprovidethemwithbankaccountsandotherbankingservicesmaybecurrentlydecreasingtheusefulnessofcryptocurrenciesasapaymentsystemandharmingpublicperceptionof cryptocurrenciesorcoulddecreaseitsusefulnessandharmitspublicperceptioninthefuture.Similarly,theusefulnessofcryptocurrenciesasapaymentsystemandthepublicperceptionofcryptocurrenciescouldbe damagedifbanksweretoclosetheaccountsofmanyorofafewkeybusinessesproviding bitcoinand/orothercryptocurrency-relatedservices.Thiscoulddecreasethemarketpricesofcryptocurrenciesandadversely affectthevalueoftheCompany’sbitcoininventory. Theimpactofgeopoliticaleventsonthesupplyanddemandforcryptocurrenciesisuncertain:Crisesmaymotivatelarge-scalepurchasesofcryptocurrencieswhichcouldincreasethepriceofcryptocurrenciesrapidly. Thismayincreasethelikelihoodofasubsequentpricedecreaseascrisis-drivenpurchasingbehaviorwanes,adverselyaffectingthevalueoftheCompany’sbitcoininventory.Thepossibilityoflarge-scalepurchasesof cryptocurrenciesintimesofcrisismayhaveashort-termpositiveimpactonthepricesof.Crisesinthefuturemayerodeinvestors’confidenceinthestabilityofcryptocurrenciesandmayimpairtheirpriceperformance whichwould,inturn,adverselyaffecttheCompany’sinvestments.Asanalternativetofiatcurrenciesthatarebackedbycentralgovernments,cryptocurrenciessuchasbitcoin,whicharerelativelynew,aresubjectto supplyanddemandforcesbaseduponthedesirabilityofanalternative,decentralisedmeansofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices,anditisunclearhowsuchsupplyanddemandwillbeimpactedbygeopolitical events.Nevertheless,politicaloreconomiccrisesmaymotivatelarge-scaleacquisitionsorsalesof bitcoinseithergloballyorlocally.Large-scalesalesofcryptocurrencieswouldresultinareductionintheirmarket pricesandadverselyaffecttheCompany’soperationsandprofitability. Thefurtherdevelopmentandacceptanceofthecryptographicandalgorithmicprotocolsgoverningtheissuanceofandtransactionsincryptocurrenciesissubjecttoavarietyoffactorsthataredifficulttoevaluate:The useofcryptocurrenciesto,amongotherthings,buyandsellgoodsandservicesandcompleteothertransactions,ispartofanewandrapidlyevolvingindustrythatemploysdigitalassetsbaseduponacomputer- generatedmathematicaland/orcryptographicprotocol.Thegrowthofthisindustryingeneral,andtheuseofcryptocurrenciesinparticular,issubjecttoahighdegreeofuncertainty,andtheslowingorstoppingofthe developmentoracceptanceofdevelopingprotocolsmayadverselyaffecttheCompany’soperations.Thefactorsaffectingthefurtherdevelopmentoftheindustry,include,butarenotlimitedto: Continuedworldwidegrowthintheadoptionanduseofcryptocurrencies; Governmentalandquasi-governmentalregulationofcryptocurrenciesandtheiruse,orrestrictionsonorregulationofaccesstoandoperationofthenetworkorsimilarcryptocurrencysystems; Changesinconsumerdemographicsandpublictastesandpreferences; Themaintenanceanddevelopmentoftheopen-sourcesoftwareprotocolofthenetwork; Theavailabilityandpopularityofotherformsormethodsofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices,includingnewmeansofusingfiatcurrencies; Generaleconomicconditionsandtheregulatoryenvironmentrelatingtodigitalassets;and Negativeconsumersentimentandperceptionofcryptocurrenciesgenerally. Acceptanceand/orwidespreaduseofcryptocurrencyisuncertain:Currently,thereisrelativelysmalluseof bitcoinsand/orothercryptocurrenciesintheretailandcommercialmarketplaceincomparisontorelatively largeusebyspeculators,thuscontributingtopricevolatilitythatcouldadverselyaffecttheCompany’soperations,investmentstrategies,andprofitability.Asrelativelynewproductsandtechnologies, bitcoin,the BitcoinNetwork,anditsothercryptocurrencycounterpartshavenotbeenwidelyadoptedasameansofpaymentforgoodsandservicesbymajorretailandcommercialoutlets.Conversely,asignificantportionof cryptocurrencydemandisgeneratedbyspeculatorsandinvestorsseekingtoprofitfromtheshort-termorlong-termholdingofcryptocurrencies.Therelativelackofacceptanceofcryptocurrenciesintheretailand commercialmarketplacelimitstheabilityofend-userstousethemtopayforgoodsandservices.Alackofexpansionbycryptocurrenciesintoretailandcommercialmarkets,oracontractionofsuchuse,mayresultin increasedvolatilityorareductionintheirmarketprices,eitherofwhichcouldadverselyimpacttheCompany’soperations,investmentstrategies,andprofitability. TheCompanymayberequiredtosellitscoinstopayformaintainingitsminingdatacenters:TheCompanymaysellitscoinstopayexpensescoveredundertheMasterServicesAgreementandotherexpenses incurred,irrespectiveofthen-currentcoinprices.Consequently,theCompany’scoinsmaybesoldatatimewhenthepriceislow,resultinginanegativeeffectontheCompany’sprofitability.
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RiskFactors(CONT’D)
TheCompany’scoinsmaybesubjecttoloss,theftorrestrictiononaccess:ThereisariskthatsomeoralloftheCompany’scoinscouldbelostorstolen.AccesstotheCompany’scoinscouldalsoberestrictedby cybercrime(suchasadenialofservice(“DoS”)attack)againstaserviceatwhichtheCompanymaintainsahostedonlinewallet.AnyoftheseeventsmayadverselyaffecttheoperationsoftheCompanyand, consequently,itsinvestmentsandprofitability.ThelossordestructionofaprivatekeyrequiredtoaccesstheCompany’sdigitalwalletsmaybeirreversible.TheCompany’slossofaccesstoitsprivatekeysorits experienceofadatalossrelatingtotheCompany’sdigitalwalletscouldadverselyaffectitsinvestments.Totheextentsuchprivatekeysarelost,destroyedorotherwisecompromised,theCompanywillbeunableto accessitscoinsandsuchprivatekeyswillnotbecapableofbeingrestoredbynetwork.AnylossofprivatekeysrelatingtodigitalwalletsusedtostoretheCompany’sbitcoincouldadverselyaffectitsinvestmentsand profitability. TheCompany’soperations,investmentstrategies,andprofitabilitymaybeadverselyaffectedbycompetitionfromothermethodsofinvestingincryptocurrencies:TheCompanycompeteswithotherusersand/or companiesthatareminingcryptocurrenciesandotherpotentialfinancialvehicles,possiblyincludingsecuritiesbackedbyorlinkedtocryptocurrenciesthroughentitiessimilartotheCompany.Marketandfinancial conditions,andotherconditionsbeyondtheCompany’scontrol,maymakeitmoreattractivetoinvestinotherfinancialvehicles,ortoinvestincryptocurrenciesdirectlywhichcouldlimitthemarketfortheCompany’s sharesandreducetheirliquidity. Incorrectorfraudulentcointransactionsmaybeirreversible:Cryptocurrencytransactionsareirrevocableandstolenorincorrectlytransferredcoinsmaybeirretrievable.Asaresult,anyincorrectlyexecutedor fraudulentcointransactionscouldadverselyaffecttheCompany’sinvestments.Cointransactionsarenot,fromanadministrativeperspective,reversiblewithouttheconsentandactiveparticipationoftherecipientof thetransaction.Intheory,cryptocurrencytransactionsmaybereversiblewiththecontrolorconsentofamajorityofprocessingpoweronthenetwork.Onceatransactionhasbeenverifiedandrecordedinablockthat isaddedtotheblockchain,anincorrecttransferofacoinoratheftofcoingenerallywillnotbereversibleandtheCompanymaynotbecapableofseekingcompensationforanysuchtransferortheft.Althoughthe Company’stransfersofcoinswillregularlybemadebyexperiencedmembersofthemanagementteam,itispossiblethat,throughcomputerorhumanerror,orthroughtheftorcriminalaction,theCompany’scoins couldbetransferredinincorrectamountsortounauthorizedthirdparties,ortouncontrolledaccounts. Iftheawardofcoinsforsolvingblocksandtransactionfeesarenotsufficientlyhigh,minersmaynothaveanadequateincentivetocontinueminingandmayceasetheirminingoperations:Asthenumberofcoins awardedforsolvingablockintheblockchaindecreases,theincentiveforminerstocontinuetocontributeprocessingpowertothenetworkwilltransitionfromasetrewardtotransactionfees.Eithertherequirement fromminersofhighertransactionfeesinexchangeforrecordingtransactionsinthe blockchainorasoftwareupgradethatautomaticallychargesfeesforalltransactionsmaydecreasedemandfortherelevantcoins andpreventtheexpansionofthenetworktoretailmerchantsandcommercialbusinesses,resultinginareductioninthepriceoftherelevantcryptocurrencythatcouldadverselyimpacttheCompany’sbitcoininventory andinvestments.Inordertoincentivizeminerstocontinuetocontributeprocessingpowertothenetwork,thenetworkmayeitherformallyorinformallytransitionfromasetrewardtotransactionfeesearnedupon solvingforablock.Thistransitioncouldbeaccomplishedeitherbyminersindependentlyelectingtorecordontheblockstheysolveonlythosetransactionsthatincludepaymentofatransactionfeeorbythenetwork adoptingsoftwareupgradesthatrequirethepaymentofaminimumtransactionfeeforalltransactions.Iftransactionfeespaidfortherecordingoftransactionsinthe blockchainbecometoohigh,themarketplace maybereluctanttoacceptnetworkasameansofpaymentandexistingusersmaybemotivatedtoswitchbetweencryptocurrenciesorbacktofiatcurrency.Decreaseduseanddemandforcoinsmayadverselyaffect theirvalueandresultinareductioninthemarketpriceofcoins.Iftheawardofcoinsforsolvingblocksandtransactionfeesforrecordingtransactionsarenotsufficientlyhightoincentivizeminers,minersmaycease expendingprocessingpowertosolveblocksandconfirmationsoftransactionsonthe blockchaincouldbeslowedtemporarily.Areductionintheprocessingpowerexpendedbyminerscouldincreasethelikelihoodof amaliciousactororbotnetobtainingcontrolinexcessof50percentoftheprocessingpoweractiveonthe blockchain,potentiallypermittingsuchactororbotnettomanipulatethe blockchaininamannerthat adverselyaffectstheCompany’sminingactivities.Iftheawardofcoinsforsolvingblocksandtransactionfeesarenotsufficientlyhigh,minersmaynothaveanadequateincentivetocontinueminingandmaycease theirminingoperations.Minersceasingoperationswouldreducecollectiveprocessingpower,whichwouldadverselyaffecttheconfirmationprocessfortransactions(i.e.,decreasingthespeedatwhichblocksare addedtotheblockchainuntilthenextscheduledadjustmentindifficultyforblocksolutions)andmakethenetworkmorevulnerabletoamaliciousactororbotnetobtainingcontrolinexcessof50percentofthe processingpower.AnyreductioninconfidenceintheconfirmationprocessorprocessingpowerofthenetworkmayadverselyimpacttheCompany’sminingactivities,inventoryofcoins,andfutureinvestment strategies. Thepriceofcoinsmaybeaffectedbythesaleofcoinsbyothervehiclesinvestingincoinsortrackingcryptocurrencymarkets:Totheextentthatothervehiclesinvestingincoinsortrackingcryptocurrencymarkets formandcometorepresentasignificantproportionofthedemandforcoins,largeredemptionsofthesecuritiesofthosevehiclesandthesubsequentsaleofcoinsbysuchvehiclescouldnegativelyaffect cryptocurrencypricesandthereforeaffectthevalueoftheinventoryheldbytheCompany. Riskrelatedtotechnologicalobsolescenceanddifficultyinobtaininghardware:Toremaincompetitive,theCompanywillcontinuetoinvestinhardwareandequipmentatthedatacentersrequiredformaintainingthe Company’sminingactivities.Shouldcompetitorsintroducenewservices/softwareembodyingnewtechnologies,theCompanyrecognizesitshardwareandequipmentanditsunderlyingtechnologymaybecome
- bsoleteandrequiresubstantialcapitaltoreplacesuchequipment.Theincreaseininterestanddemandforcryptocurrencieshasledtoashortageofmininghardwareasindividualspurchaseequipmentforminingat
home.Equipmentinthedatacenterswillrequirereplacementfromtimetotime. Risksrelatedtoinsurance:TheHut8intendstoinsureitsoperationsinaccordancewithtechnologyindustrypractice.However,giventhenoveltyofcryptocurrencyminingandassociatedbusinesses,suchinsurance maynotbeavailable,uneconomicalfortheHut8,orthenatureorlevelmaybeinsufficienttoprovideadequateinsurancecover.Theoccurrenceofaneventthatisnotcoveredorfullycoveredbyinsurancecouldhavea materialadverseeffectontheHut8.
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