Semantic Web technologies in Unit-net IEDI √ Vadim Ermolayev http://eva.zsu.zp.ua/ http://www.zsu.edu.ua/ Zaporozhye State University, Ukraine UnIT-Net: IT in University http://www.unit-net.org.ua/ Management Network TEMPUS/ TACIS MP-JEP-2010-2003 UkrPROG’04, Kiev, 02-03.06.2004
Outline: � What is the Semantic Web – just to remind … � UnIT-Net: the motivation, the domain, the project � The State of the Art: the advances and the pitfalls � Semantic Web technologies in UnIT-Net Infrastructure for Electronic Data Interchange
The Semantic Web * � W3C Initiative � Aim : to provide a comprehensible framework for identifying , representing and processing the SEMANTICS of Web resources � The ultimate vision : � Worldwide distributed device for computation � Inhabited with artificial service providing agents * Ermolayev, V. et al. : Towards a framework for agent-enabled semantic web service composition. Int. J. of Web Services Research , 1(3), 2004, p. 63-87
A Walkthrough Example � Return the list of the 1-st year CS students who: � had received m axim al grade in Mathem atics at the entrance examinations � and have failed to pass the 1-st Term examination in any basic course in Mathem atics Why?
A Walkthrough Example � Return the list of the 1-st year CS students who: � had received m axim al Univ. grade in Mathem atics Entrant at the entrance IR examinations � and have failed to pass the 1-st Term examination Ontology in any basic course CS Student in Mathem atics Mathematics : IR Math Analysis Linear Algebra Analytical Geometry …
of different A Walkthrough Example Universities � Return the list of the 1-st year CS students who: � had received m axim al Univ. grade in Mathem atics Univ. Entrant Univ. Entrant at the entrance IR Entrant IR IR examinations � and have failed to pass the 1-st Term …and different basic courses examination Ontology in the 1-st term in any basic course CS CS Student CS Student in Mathem atics Mathematics : Student IR IR IR Math Analysis Linear Algebra Analytical Geometry …
UnIT-Net IEDI: Motivation � To achieve and sustain dynamic To achieve and sustain dynamic � improvement service- -oriented oriented improvement service organizations, like Universities, organizations, like Universities, need d an an IT IT infrastructure that infrastructure that nee underpins: derpins: un � Flexible and robust man Flexible and robust mana agement gement � of thei heir r act activities throug ivities through h of t Intelligent Distributed Distributed Infor Information mation Intelligent Retriev etrieval al R � D Deci ecision making support sion making support �
UnIT-Net - TEMPUS/TACIS MP-JEP-2010-2003 � Objective(s): � Creation of the National “ Network of Excellence ” � Dissemination of the best practices – IT in University Management � Elaboration of the Specifications recommending the reasonable ways of using IT in University Management � Design and implementation of the Research Prototype of the National Infrastructure for Electronic Data Interchange (motivation) � Participants: � Kherson State University (project coordinator) � Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine � Kharkiv national University � Zaporozhye State University � University of Nice – Sofia Antipolis, France � Glasgow Caledonian University, UK � http: / / www.unit-net.org.ua/
The State of the Art … � Not really a breakthrough in the Domain!!! � Lots of related work, e.g., TSIMMIS , MOMIS , BUSTER , DOME , InfoSleuth , KRAFT , OBSERVER , Ontobroker , PICSEL , SIMS , … ( proves the importance ) � Novelties : � Ontologies specified in W3C emerging de facto standard language ( OWL DL ) � Ontology-driven Semantic Query Formulation , Transformation , … (ZSU RACING Project) � IR (RDB-structured) semantics is formalized by means of a semi-structured Ontology Specification Language ( OWL DL ) � Conceptually – one more layer ( Ontology ) of Semantic Specification on top of the IR schema � Semantic Web Service technology for Uniform IR Wrapping � All these is in the Mainstream of Semantic Web Activities
Complications: Natural Distribution and Heterogeneity � Organizations involved in the Educational framework are rightfully independent � They own and maintain their data and knowledge sources autonomously � Serious complications for their integration: � IR-s may be opened or closed to external access � IR-s may be provided by different hardware and software using various notations and protocols � IR-s may be disparately structured � IR-s may have different data models behind them � IR-s are semantically heterogeneous
The Principles of IEDI Architecture � Mediator architecture with the centralized mediator � Hybrid approach to knowledge representation � Centralized Mediator Domain Ontology ( MDO ) � De-centralized Information Resource Ontologies ( IRO ) � Use of IR Registration to allow the resource become available for querying � Does no t provide full automation for ontologies’ mapping and alignment � Rewriting technique with mappings and late binding to produce, process, and perform queries
IEDI Architecture in a Nutshell a User having an arbitrary query ??? IEDI IEDI IEDI CS Student CS IR Student IR Univ. . . . Entrant IR IR Provid Providers ers IR which own disparate e r resources esources which own disparat
IEDI Architecture in a Nutshell a User User Layer Request Q-ry Results to formulate in terms of MDO a query IEDI Mediator Mediator MKB P o s e q u e r i e s Query Formulation Layer MKB Server AUPO Maintain IR changes Sub-Query Extraction Server MDO Sub-Query Results Mark- Execution Up Translation IRDMO Server Server Register IR-s IR Wrapper Web Service IR Wrapper Web Service IR … Wrapper WKB WKB IRKB IR Wrapper IR Wrapper Layer IRO IRO IR Layer IR IR an IR Provider
The Tasks for UNIT-NET IEDI Q-ry Results � To Query Distributed Request in terms of MDO to formulate a query Semantically Hetero- IEDI Mediator Query Formulation MKB geneous Information Server AUPO Sub-Query Resources Extraction Server MDO Results Sub-Query Mark-Up Execution IRDMO Translation Server � To Register Information Server Resources IR Wrapper Web IR Wrapper Web … Service Service IR IR IRKB Wrapper Wrapper IRO IRO � To Maintain Coherent Semantic Descriptions IR IR � What IEDI is NOT Supposed to Do: � IR updates No silver bullets - � � Results Fusion No silver bullets - �
IEDI: User Categories and Roles Q-ry Results Request AU � An Authorized USER (AU) : in terms of MDO to formulate a query IEDI Mediator � Poses queries in the terms Query Formulation MKB Server of University Manage- AUPO Sub-Query ment Domain (a TOOL , Extraction Server MDO MOE a LANGUAGE ) Results Sub-Query Mark-Up Execution IRDMO � A MEDIATOR ONTOLOGIES Translation Server Server ENGINEER (MOE) : IR Wrapper Web IR Wrapper Web … Service Service IROE � Maintains Domain IR IR IRKB Wrapper Wrapper Ontology KB (a TOOL ) IRO IRO � Interacts with RESOURCE IR IR IRP ONTOLOGY ENGINEERS for: � Registering their Resources (semi-automatic, a TOOL ) � Aligning Domain and Resource Ontologies (Semi-automatic, a TOOL ) � An IR ONTOLOGY ENGINEER (IROE) : … � An IR PROVIDER (IRP) : …
IEDI: Functionalities Request Q-ry Results � Query ( automatic ) to formulate in terms of MDO a query Distributed IEDI Mediator MKB Semantically Query Formulation MKB Server Heterogeneous AUPO Information Sub-Query Extraction Server Resources MDO Sub-Query Results Mark- Execution Up Translation � Register ( semi-auto ) IRDMO Server Server Information Resources IR Wrapper Web Service IR Wrapper Web Service … ( ontology merge ) WKB WKB IR Wrapper IRKB IR Wrapper � Maintain ( semi-auto ) IRO IRO Coherent IR IR Semantic Descriptions (ontology alignment) � !!! Semi-automatic, authorized, secure …
Register IR User Layer Layer User AU Register IR IR Unlock Register Require IRO X Mediator Layer Mediator Layer X MDO, IRDMO Re-Design & Re-Submission Lock MDO, Upload MDO, 9 10 IRDMO IRDMO to MKB 8 No Yes Information Requests to IRP 8 MKB Agreed? MDO MDO copy MOE Acquire MDO, Negotiate 8 IRDMO IRDMO IRDMO Copies on Merge & Align IROE MOE 7 No Yes Upload Check IRO Spec. 6 Conforms? 5 7 IRO Conformance Require IRO WKB Re-Design X IRO & Re-Submission Wrapper Layer Wrapper Layer X Submit IRO Msg: IR is to be Registered, IRO to Registration Prepare IR IR Prepare IROE IROE Design and Upload to Registration to Registration 2 4 IR Ontology IROE 3 Deploy WKB Msg: Prepare to Register IR Wrapper IRO IRP IR IRP IR Metadata Decide IR Layer Layer IR to 1 IR Data Register
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