Introduction to the Semantic Web and FOAF Gajo Petrovi c - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to the Semantic Web and FOAF Gajo Petrovi c - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Introduction to the Semantic Web and FOAF Gajo Petrovi c University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences gajop@uns.ac.rs April 12, 2013 Gajo Petrovi c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF Web 1.0 Web

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Introduction to the Semantic Web and FOAF

Gajo Petrovi´ c

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences gajop@uns.ac.rs

April 12, 2013

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Overview

Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Motivation Semantic Web layer cake FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 1.0

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 1.0

◮ Invented 1991

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 1.0

◮ Invented 1991 ◮ Tim Berners-Lee

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

◮ Web of documents

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

◮ Web of documents ◮ Connected by URL (Uniform resource locator)

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

◮ Web for documents

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

◮ Web for documents ◮ Specifies looks

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Document Web

◮ Web for documents ◮ Specifies looks ◮ HTML, CSS

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web as a simple graph

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web as a simple graph

◮ Pages as graph nodes

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web as a simple graph

◮ Pages as graph nodes ◮ Links as graph links

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web as a simple graph

◮ Pages as graph nodes ◮ Links as graph links

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 2.0

Application Web

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 2.0

Application Web

◮ Web applications

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 2.0

Application Web

◮ Web applications ◮ AJAX, JavaScript frameworks...

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF

Web 2.0

Application Web

◮ Web applications ◮ AJAX, JavaScript frameworks... ◮ jargon

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Web 1.0/2.0

Machine unreadable

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Web 1.0/2.0

Machine unreadable

◮ Lacks semantics

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Web 1.0/2.0

Machine unreadable

◮ Lacks semantics ◮ No page (graph node) description

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Web 1.0/2.0

Machine unreadable

◮ Lacks semantics ◮ No page (graph node) description ◮ No link (graph link) description

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Web 1.0/2.0

Machine unreadable

◮ Lacks semantics ◮ No page (graph node) description ◮ No link (graph link) description

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Semantic Web

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Semantic Web

◮ Data Web

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Semantic Web

◮ Data Web ◮ Machine readable

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Semantic Web layer cake

◮ Layers of

abstraction

◮ Hierarchy of

languages

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 0: Identifiers & Character set

Unicode

Display and manipulate text in most world languages.

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 0: Identifiers & Character set

Unicode

Display and manipulate text in most world languages.

URI

Uniquely identify Web resources:

◮ URL http://example.org/people/john ◮ URN urn:issn:1535-3613

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 1: Syntax

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 1: Syntax

XML

Structure data

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 1: Syntax

XML

Structure data

XML Schema

Specifies type of XML document

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 1: Syntax

XML

Structure data

XML Schema

Specifies type of XML document

XML Namespace

Removes ambiguity with unique naming

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 2: Data intercharge

RDF

Represents a graph Statements in the form of triplets

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 3: Taxonomies & Queries

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 3: Taxonomies & Queries

RDF Schema

Vocabulary for RDF

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 3: Taxonomies & Queries

RDF Schema

Vocabulary for RDF

SPARQL

Query language

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 4: Ontologies & Rules

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 4: Ontologies & Rules

OWL

Extends on RDFS

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

Layer 4: Ontologies & Rules

OWL

Extends on RDFS

RIF/SWRL

◮ SWRL: rule language ◮ RIF: rule interchange ◮ (SQWRL for reasoning)

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF Motivation Semantic Web layer cake

An alternative look on the layer cake...

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

◮ An OWL based ontology

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

◮ An OWL based ontology ◮ Ontology for the social web

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Key entities

◮ Agent, Person, Group, Document, Project ◮ foaf:Agent, foaf:Person, foaf:Group,

foaf:Document, foaf:Project

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Key entities

◮ Agent, Person, Group, Document, Project ◮ foaf:Agent, foaf:Person, foaf:Group,

foaf:Document, foaf:Project

◮ foaf namespace = http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Key entities

◮ Agent, Person, Group, Document, Project ◮ foaf:Agent, foaf:Person, foaf:Group,

foaf:Document, foaf:Project

◮ OWL classes ◮ Person is an Agent subclass ◮ Document and Project are subclasses of

  • wl:Thing

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName ◮ Last name, foaf:lastName

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName ◮ Last name, foaf:lastName ◮ Mail, foaf:mbox

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName ◮ Last name, foaf:lastName ◮ Mail, foaf:mbox ◮ Nick, foaf:nick

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName ◮ Last name, foaf:lastName ◮ Mail, foaf:mbox ◮ Nick, foaf:nick ◮ Homepage, foaf:homepage

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName ◮ Last name, foaf:lastName ◮ Mail, foaf:mbox ◮ Nick, foaf:nick ◮ Homepage, foaf:homepage ◮ Age, foaf:age

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Person properties

Data properties

◮ First name, foaf:firstName ◮ Last name, foaf:lastName ◮ Mail, foaf:mbox ◮ Nick, foaf:nick ◮ Homepage, foaf:homepage ◮ Age, foaf:age ◮ ...

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Example FOAF Person

<foaf:Person> <foaf:name>John Doe</foaf:name> <foaf:firstName>John</foaf:firstName> <foaf:lastName>Doe</foaf:surname> <foaf:nick>johndoe</foaf:nick> </foaf:Person>

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Entity relationships

Object propeties

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Entity relationships

Object propeties

◮ John knows Jane, foaf:knows (Person->Person)

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Entity relationships

Object propeties

◮ John knows Jane, foaf:knows (Person->Person) ◮ John is a member of the Semantic Interest

Group, foaf:member (Person->Group)

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Entity relationships

Object propeties

◮ John knows Jane, foaf:knows (Person->Person) ◮ John is a member of the Semantic Interest

Group, foaf:member (Person->Group)

◮ John made a book called ”Semantic Web for

Dummies”, foaf:made, (Agent->Thing)

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Ontology

Entity relationships

Object propeties

◮ John knows Jane, foaf:knows (Person->Person) ◮ John is a member of the Semantic Interest

Group, foaf:member (Person->Group)

◮ John made a book called ”Semantic Web for

Dummies”, foaf:made, (Agent->Thing)

◮ John is working on a project ”The New

SQWRL reasoner”, foaf:currentProject, (Person->Thing)

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Semantic Network

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Using FOAF data

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Using FOAF data

◮ XML tools with RDF/XML

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Using FOAF data

◮ XML tools with RDF/XML ◮ With SPARQL

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Using FOAF data

◮ XML tools with RDF/XML ◮ With SPARQL ◮ Transform to proprietary format

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

List people’s names and emails

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?name ?email WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person. ?person foaf:name ?name. ?person foaf:mbox ?email. }

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

List people who know someone named John

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?name WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person. ?person foaf:name ?name. ?john a foaf:Person. ?john foaf:name "John". ?person foaf:knows ?john. }

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Use Case

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Use Case

◮ Rank people based on their popularity

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF Use Case

◮ Rank people based on their popularity ◮ Use data from FOAF networks

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Implementation

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Implementation

◮ Crawl through available FOAF sites

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Implementation

◮ Crawl through available FOAF sites ◮ Load FOAF using an RDF/OWL parser

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Implementation

◮ Crawl through available FOAF sites ◮ Load FOAF using an RDF/OWL parser ◮ Query interesting data with SPARQL

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

Implementation

◮ Crawl through available FOAF sites ◮ Load FOAF using an RDF/OWL parser ◮ Query interesting data with SPARQL ◮ Extract to a proprietary format

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF data

FOAF as a graph

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF data

FOAF as a graph

◮ foaf:Person entities as graph nodes

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF data

FOAF as a graph

◮ foaf:Person entities as graph nodes ◮ foaf:knows relationships as graph links

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

FOAF data

FOAF as a graph

◮ foaf:Person entities as graph nodes ◮ foaf:knows relationships as graph links ◮ Algorithms for graph analysis (HITS,

PageRank)

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF

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Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 FOAF FOAF Ontology FOAF network FOAF Use Case

The End

Gajo Petrovi´ c Intro: Semantic Web & FOAF