Search for New Physics: Various Methods High Energy (LHC) High - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Frank Maas (Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Institute for Nuclear Phyiscs, PRISMA cluster of excellence Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) Matter to the deepest, Podlesice, September 4 - 8, 2017

qW

Sin2 qW = 0.238 qW = 29,2°A new, high precision measurement

• f the weak mixing angle sin2 θW

Search for New Physics: Various Methods High Energy (LHC) High Precision ((g-2)µ , EDM, sin2 qW, …) High Intensity (B-decays) (at low energy)

Direct observation versus precision measurements: top-quark Direct measurement Precision measurements

P2

The relative strength between the weak and electromagnetic interaction is determined by the weak mixing angle: sin2(θW) Qe(p) = +e electric charge of the proton QW(p) = 1 – 4 sin2 θW weak charge of the proton sin2 θW: a central parameter of the standard model

The role of the weak mixing angle

P2 (Mainz/MESA)

„running“ sin2 θeff or sin2 θW(µ)

Universal quantum corrections: can be absorbed into a scale dependent, „running“ sin2 θeff or sin2 θW(µ) running α running sin2 θW(µ)

Precision measurements and quantum corrections:

3 %

Q [GeV] 10000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.245 0.24 0.235 0.23 0.225

sin2 θW (Q)

QW (APV ) QW (e) QW (p) LEP1 SLD P2@MESA Moller Qweak SOLID NuTeV eDIS Tevatron ATLAS CMS hs

Sensitivity to new physics beyond the Standard Model

Sensitivity to new physics beyond the Standard Model

Extra Z Mixing with Dark photon or Dark Z Contact interaction New Fermions

Dark Photon, Z-Boson

Search for the O(GeV/c2) mass scale in a world-wide effort

Ø Could explain large number of astrophysical anomalies Ø Could (have) explained presently seen deviation of >3s between (g-2)μ Standard Model prediction and direct (g-2)μ measurement

Arkani-Hamed et al. (2009) Andreas, Ringwald (2010); Andreas, Niebuhr, Ringwald (2012) Pospelov(2008)

a¢=e2

2 · aem

Mass [eV] 10-6 10-2 106 109 1011 1013 LHC Axion

Dark photon

W’, Z’

New massive force carrier of extra U(1)d gauge group; predicted in almost all string compactifications

allowed parameter range for Dark Photon explanation of (g-2)μ

Mixing Parameter ε Dark Photon Mass mγ ’ (MeV/c2) 10-4 10-3 10-2 10 100 1000 (g-2)µ (g-2)e vs. α BaBar e+e−→γ µ+µ− |(g-2)µ|< 2σ E141 E774 KLOE

Coupling Mass Status 2011

• H. Davoudiasl, W. Marciano

Running sin2 θW and Dark Parity Violation

Bill Marciano

Possible P2 Q2-Range

Running sin2 θW and Dark Parity Violation

• H. Davoudiasl, W. Marciano

Extra Z-Boson

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1

α cos β

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1

β

x x x

Zψ

x x x x

ZI ZR Z χ Zη ZN ZS

x xZd

/

xZL1 xZp

/

xZB-L xZLR x

Zn

/

ZALR

x

ZY

x x

Zu-int

+

x

MOLLER (2.3%) SOLID (0.55%) Qweak (2.1%) 90% exclusion limits

ZR1

Qweak (2.1%)+MOLLER (2.3%)

E158 Qweak (4%) SOLID (0.57%) SOLID (0.6%) ZL

/

MZ’ = 1.2 TeV

Supersymmetry

Example: Supersymmetric standard model extensions

• X. Su

After LHC Run 1

Weak Charge Of Proton: Qweak (Jlab), P2 (MESA) Weak Charge Of Electron: MOELLER (JLAB) Weak Charge Of Quarks: SOLID (PVDIS) (JLAB)

The relative strength between the weak and electromagnetic interaction is determined by the weak mixing angle: sin2(θW) Qe(p) = +e electric charge of the proton QW(p) = 1 – 4 sin2 θW weak charge of the proton sin2 θW: a central parameter of the standard model

The role of the weak mixing angle

Proton: special case

Proton Weak charge: QW(p) = 1 – 4 sin2 θW Error: DQW(p) = 4 Dsin2 θW

• Rel. error:

DQW(p)/QW(p) = 4/( (1/sin2 θW) – 4 ) (Dsin2 θW/sin2 θW)

• Rel. error

Dsin2 θW/sin2 θW = ( (1/sin2 θW) – 4 ) /4 DQW(p)/QW(p) Example: sin2 θW (50 MeV) = 0.238 4/( (1/sin2 θW) – 4 ) ~ 20 DQW(p)/QW(p) = 2% from Experiment Dsin2 θW/sin2 θW = 0.1 % same precision as LEP, SLAC Neutron Weak charge: DQW(p)/QW(n) = Dsin2 θW/sin2 θW

Jens Erler

Experimental Method: Parity Violating Electron Scattering

σ ≈

V-A coupling: parity-violating cross section asymmetry ALR longitudinally pol. electrons unpolarised protons Parity Violating Asymmetry in elastic electron proton scattering (V-A)e(V-A)p AeVp+VeAp

weak charge hadron structure

Parity violating cross section asymmetry

tracking system polarisation measurement

• Contributions to Dsin²QW for 35° central scattering angle, E=150

MeV, 10000 h of data taking

Frank Maas, Teilchenphysikkolloquium, Heidleberg, Feb. 5, 2013

Beam energy and luminosity needs further optimization

Δsin2 θW = 3.6 10-4 (0.13 %)

• S. Baunack, D. Becker and P. Larin

P2-Precision in sin2 θW

Conceptually very simple experiments A = (N+-N-)/(N++N-) DA = (N++N-)-1/2 = N-1/2 A = 20 x 10-9 2% Measurement N = 6.25 x 1018 events Highest rate, measure Q2: Large Solid Angle Spectrometers

Apparative (false) asymmetries: Extreme good control of beam and target Flip Helicity fast Extra spin flip

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PVeS Experiment Summary

100% 10% 1% G0 G0 E122 Mainz-Be MIT-12C SAMPLE H-I A4 A4 A4 H-II H-He E158 H-III PVDIS-6 PREX-I PREX-II Qweak SOLID Moller MESA-P2 MESA-12C

Pioneering Strange Form Factor (1998-2009) S.M. Study (2003-2005) JLab 2010-2012 Future

PV

A

)

PV

(A δ

Kent Paschke

Counting Technique

Measure Flux of Scattered electrons:

• no pile-up (double count losses)
• sensitive to small electr. fields.
• no separation of phys. process

Analogue Technique

P2-Kollaboration

60 cm liquid H target Superconducting magnet, 0.6 T 100 Detectors, Fused silica (“quartz”) PMT readout 3.7 m 13 t lead collimator P2-experiment: Magnetic solenoid spectrometer (0.6 T) with integrating detectors e- beam, 150 µA 60 cm liquid H target Magnetic field 0.6 T 100 Detectors, Fused silica (“quartz”) PMT readout 3.7 m 13 t lead collimator e- beam, 150 µA

P2-experimental setup

MESA accelerator new, Mainz Energy Recovering Acc.

Parity violation experiment P2 Beam Dump Magnetic spectrometer MAGIX

Other Measurements: Carbon, Lead

P2: Funding

PRISMA “Forschungsbau”: Detector system (quartz-based) including electronics 2.0 M€ Solenoid magnet 1.5 M€ He-refrigerator for the hydrogen target 1.7 M€ University (through “Großgeräte”) Silicon tracker system for Q2-measurement development 0.5 M€ Double Wien filter for MESA 0.4 M€ Hydro-Moeller detector system 0.4 M€ Hydrogen target system 0.35 M€ Enhanced sensitivity To new physics

P2: Funding

PRISMA “Forschungsbau”: Detector system (quartz-based) including electronics 2.0 M€ Solenoid magnet 1.5 M€ He-refrigerator for the hydrogen target 1.7 M€ University (through “Großgeräte”) Silicon tracker system for Q2-measurement development 0.5 M€ Double Wien filter for MESA 0.4 M€ Hydro-Moeller detector system 0.4 M€ Hydrogen target system 0.35 M€

Measurement of neutron distribution in nuclei deceisive for Neutron star properties

Yuxiang Zhao (SBU)

• Parity violating electron scattering: “Low energy frontier”

comprises a sensitive test of the standard model complementary to LHC

• Determination of sin2(qW) with high precision (same as Z-pole)
• P2-Experiment (proton weak charge) in Mainz under preparation

New MESA energy recovering accelerator at 155 MeV, target precision is 1.7% in Qweak i.e. 0.13% in sin2(qW), Sensitivity to new physics up to a scale of 49 TeV

• Much more physics from PV electron scattering
• Together with Moeller@Jlab (electron weak charge) and

SOLID@Jlab (quark weak charge) very sensitive test of standard model and possibility to narrow in on Standard Model Extension

MESA: Beam parameter

Moeller (11GeV) @ Jlab Electron weak charge Toroid Spectrometer SOLID (PVDIS 11GeV) @ Jlab Quark weak charge Solenoid spectrometer Qweak (1GeV) @ Jlab Proton weak charge (4%) Toroid spectrometer P2@MESA (0.150 GeV) @ Mainz Proton weak charge (1.7%) Solenoid spectrometer

weak charge hadron structure

Important input from other projects (S1, S3)

Parity violating cross section asymmetry

Polarimetry (<0.5%)

Mott Polarimeter:

• Measuring left/right asymetry to calculate spin polarisation
• Analysing power of target foils has to be extrapolated

Double Scattering Polarimeter (DSP):

• Analysing power of the targets can be calculated

directly from measurements

• Allows for higher precision measurement of

spin polarisation

• Invasive polarimetry at the electron source
• Scattering chamber in operation, first double scattering data

The double scattering Mott polarimeter:

• A. Gellrich and J. Kessler, Phys. Rev. A 43, 204 (1991)

The promise:(*)

• Hydro-Möller: Atomic trap with completely electron-spin

polarized Hydrogen

• Online capability, high accuracy (<0.5%)
• Statistical efficiency approaches 0.5% in 2 hours

(Target: 3*10-16 cm-2)

• Acceptance similar to conventional Möller

(*)E. Chudakov, V. Luppov: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sc. 51, 1533 (2004)

Hydro Möller Polarimeter

Complete trap with 77mm diam. Cold bore 7T Solenoid DB/B <10-5 (1cm3 Volume)(**)

(*): T. Roser et. al. NIM A 301 42-46 (1990) (**): W. Kaufmann et. al. NIM A 335 17-25 (1993)

1.1K Stage heat exchangers Presently in fabrication in KPH Machine shop

Patricia Bartolome, Valerie Tyukine

Detector Concept

Count scattered electrons:

• pile-up (double count losses)
• Background Asymmetry
• Very Fast Counting (MHz)
• Measure TOF or Energy

Counting Technique A4: 100 MHz P2: 440 GHz

Measure Flux of Scattered electrons:

• no pile-up (double count losses)
• sensitive to small electr. fields.
• no separation of phys. process

Analogue Technique

Experiment Design Simulations: What Magnetic field configuration can we use? Dominik Becker

Experiment Simulations: Toroid possible! Dominik Becker

Experiment Design Simulations: Solenoid possible! Dominik Becker

Dominik Becker

Experiment Design Simulations: Solenoid possible! Dominik Becker

Dominik Becker

Dominik Becker

Kathrin Gerz

Kathrin Gerz

Kathrin Gerz