SCIENCE IN THE NEWS: THE AIR WE BREATHE Rachel McMullan & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SCIENCE IN THE NEWS: THE AIR WE BREATHE Rachel McMullan & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 18, 2023 360 likes •754 views

SCIENCE IN THE NEWS: THE AIR WE BREATHE Rachel McMullan & Temperance Rowell Whats in the news Before You Vape: High levels of Formaldehyde Hidden in E-Cigs (NBCNews, Jan 21 st , 2015) Overview Background Where did they

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SCIENCE IN THE NEWS: THE AIR WE BREATHE

Rachel McMullan & Temperance Rowell

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What’s in the news…

  • Before You Vape: High levels
  • f Formaldehyde Hidden in

E-Cigs (NBCNews, Jan 21st, 2015)

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Overview

  • Background
  • Where did they come from?
  • Current Market
  • Cigarettes vs E-cigarettes
  • How do e-cigs work?
  • Current Research Findings
  • Lungs
  • Structure, Immune system
  • Effect of smoke
  • Future Direction
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Adverse Effects of Cigarette Smoke

Stampfli et al. 2009 Nature Reviews Immunology

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Where did e-cigs come from?

2003 2006-7 Oct 2008 May-June 2009 April 2011 Electronic cigarette developed in Beijing 2011…..

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Where did e-cigs come from?

2003 2006-7 Oct 2008 May-June 2009 April 2011 Electronic cigarette developed in Beijing E-cig introduced in US 2011…..

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Where did e-cigs come from?

2003 2006-7 Oct 2008 May-June 2009 April 2011 Electronic cigarette developed in Beijing E-cig introduced in US 1st study on toxin levels funded by founding co 2011…..

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Where did e-cigs come from?

2003 2006-7 Oct 2008 May-June 2009 April 2011 Electronic cigarette developed in Beijing E-cig introduced in US 1st study on toxin levels funded by founding co FDA testing & Obama signs law to regulate tobacco products 2011…..

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Where did e-cigs come from?

2003 2006-7 Oct 2008 May-June 2009 April 2011 Electronic cigarette developed in Beijing E-cig introduced in US 1st study on toxin levels funded by founding co FDA testing & Obama signs law to regulate tobacco products FDA to regulate e-cig 2011…..

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Where did e-cigs come from?

2003 2006-7 Oct 2008 May-June 2009 April 2011 Electronic cigarette developed in Beijing E-cig introduced in US 1st study on toxin levels funded by founding co FDA testing & Obama signs law to regulate tobacco products FDA to regulate e-cig 2011….. Since 2011:851 research publications

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Current E-cig Market

U.S. News & CDC

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Cigarettes vs E-Cigarettes

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  • >480,000 deaths/year in

US

  • Leading cause of

preventable death

  • Exposure to toxic

chemicals (tobacco, tar, combustion)

  • Secondhand smoke
  • Affects innate immune

response

Traditional vs and Electronic Cigarettes

  • Safer smoking alternative?
  • No tar, battery-powered heat

source

  • Smoking cessation tool?
  • efficient nicotine delivery

tool

  • Secondhand vapor?
  • Thirdhand exposure
  • Flavors = greater appeal?

http://www.vapeitnow.com/pics/ego-starter-kit/blue-ego-ce4-starter-kit-650mah-3.jpg Slide: Temperance Rowell

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Current Claims

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D Cressey Nature News 2013

How do E-cigs work?

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What is in E-cigs?

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Composition of E-cig liquid

  • Propylene glycol
  • Fxn: vapor production (e-cig)
  • FDA approved for food additive, cosmetics, medicines
  • Antifreeze
  • Eye and lung irritation
  • MSDS: don’t inhale; may be different when heated
  • Glycerin (vegetable)
  • Fxn: aerosol production
  • MSDS: hazardous in skin, eye contact, ingestion, inhalation
  • Prolong exposureàorgan damage
  • Nicotine
  • Can be lethal depending on dose
  • Highly addictive
  • Known effects on human body

Etter et al 2013 Addiction Williams 2013 UC-Riverside

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Comparison of toxins levels between conventional and electronic cigarettes Toxic compound Conventional cigarette (µg in mainstream smoke) 35 Electronic cigarette (µg per 15 puffs) Average ratio (conventional vs electronic cigarette) Formaldehyde 1.6-52 0.20-5.61 9 Acetaldehyde 52.140 0.11-1.36 450 Acrolein 2.4-62 0.07-4.19 15 Toluene 8.3-70 0.02-0.63 120 NNN 0.005-0.19 0.00008-0.00043 380 NNK 0.012-0.11 0.00011-0.00283 40 NNK, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone; NNN, N′-nitrosonornicotine. Goniewicz ML et al Tob Control 2014

Toxin levels in e-cig ‘vape’

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Formaldehyde

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Daily Exposures to Formaldehyde Associated with Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes.

Jensen RP et al. N Engl J Med 2015;372:392-394.

Recent Toxin Findings…

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How does e-cigarette smoke affect us?

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Lung Structure and Function

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Lung Structure and Function

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Lung Structure and Function

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Lung Defense Mechanisms

Wright 2005 Nature Reviews Immunology

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Immune Response in Lungs

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Immune Response in Lungs

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Immune Response in Lungs

  • Boundless. “T and B Lymphocytes in Detail.” Boundless
  • Biology. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014.
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Immune Response in Lungs

  • Boundless. “T and B Lymphocytes in Detail.” Boundless
  • Biology. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014.
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Cigarette Smoke: Effect on lungs

  • Barnes. 2008 Nature Reviews Immunology
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Cigarette Smoke: Effect on lungs

Stampfli et al. 2009 Nature Reviews Immunology

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E-cigarette smoke: Effect on Lungs

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Extra Slides

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Immune Response in Lung Cells

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Cigarette Smoke: Effect on lungs

Stampfli et al. 2009 Nature Reviews Immunology

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Grana et al 2013 Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education