Review of accelerator data of relevance to air shower simulations - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb2012 Review of accelerator data of relevance to air shower simulations Yoshitaka Itow STE Lab / Kobayashi-Maskawa Inst. Nagoya University UHECR 2012 Feb 13-16, 2012, CERN 1 Y.Itow,
1
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb2012
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
2
Precision improvement Hint for interactions at ultra-ultra high energy
1017eV cosmic rays
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
3
LHC 14TeV Tevatron LHC 0.9TeV LHC 7 TeV SppS RHIC ISR
1010 1020 eV
AUGER, TA TALE HEAT
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
4
① Inelastic cross section ② Forward energy spectrum
If large k rapid development If small k deep penetrating If large σ rapid development If small σ deep penetrating
④ 2ndary interactions nucleon, π ③ Inelasticity k= 1-plead/pbeam
If softer shallow development If harder deep penetrating
Important, but irrelevant to A.S. ⑤PT ⑥multiplicity (relevant to Nµ )
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
5
What type of interactions we concern ? Sort out the data regarding as relevance to air
Inelastic cross section Forward energy spectra Inelasticity low energy data
Nuclear effect is important, but …
This talk focuses just on p-p Comments on possible p-A runs at LHC before long
shutdown
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
6
Beam 1 Beam 2
IP1 : ATLAS LHCf IP5 :CMS TOTEM IP2: ALICE IP8: LHCb, MoEDAL
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
7
LHC tunnel IP
ZDC (η>~8.5)
Central detector (ATLAS) (pseudo)rapidity
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
8
σ @7TeV
φ η
φ η
φ η
φ η
η gap
Elastic Single diffractive Double diffractive Non- diffractive
~25mb ~10mb ~10mb ~50mb
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
9
8.4 < η < ∞ Multiplicity Energy Flux All particles neutral
( Particles of XF > 0.1 contribute 50% of shower particles )
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
10
14TeV 7TeV Double diffractive π0 Single diffractive π0
ATLAS/CMS CMS HF CMS HF LHCf/ZDC LHCf/ZDC
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
11
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
12
2
=
t el inel el tot
= t el
inel el tot tot
projectile Total elastic rate: Rel Total inelastic rate : Rinel : Nproj Total rate: Rtot : Ntarg Elastic rate at 0 degree target
arg arg
t proj t proj rev
el el
eff
inel inel inel
Simple way Optical theorem VdM scan
2
) (
in
p p t − =
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
13
Nature Commun. 2 (2011) 463
sel trig BG
inel
ξ
6
10 5 6
−
× < −
Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillator(MBTS)
inel
6
−
inel
2
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
14
RP (147 m) RP (220m)
14 m
Roman Pot stations in the LHC tunnel
( F.Ferro, Diffraction 2010)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
15
= t el
dt dσ
= 503.7 +- 1.5 +- 26.7 mb/GeV2
2 2 2
=
t el tot
t el
dt dσ
ρ =0.14 +0.01-0.08 (COMPETE collaboration)
tot 8 . 2 7 . 2
+ −
el el
Integrated over entire “t” region
el tot inel 8 . 1 3 . 1
+ −
EPL, 95 (2011) 41001
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
16
TOTEM 73.5+-0.6+1.8-1.3 mb dσ/dt(t=0) ATLAS 69.4+-2.4+-6,9 mb MBTS sample CMS 68.0+-2.0+-2.4+-4 mb Ntrk sample ALICE 72.7+-1.1+-5.1 mb VZERO sample
Tevatron UA4 ISR LHC
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
17
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
18
LHCf UA7 CMS FCAL RHIC BRAHMS Forward neutron spectra
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
19
140m
TAN absorber 140m
Charged particles Charged particles (+) (+) Neutral particles Neutral particles Beam pipe Beam pipe Protons Protons Charged particles Charged particles ( (-
)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
20
INTERACTION POINT INTERACTION POINT IP1 (ATLAS) IP1 (ATLAS)
Detector II Detector II Tungsten Tungsten Scintillator Scintillator Silicon Silicon µ µstrips strips Detector I Detector I Tungsten Tungsten Scintillator Scintillator Scintillating Scintillating fibers fibers
Arm#1 Detector 20mmx20mm+40mmx40mm 4 SciFi tracking layers
44X0, 1.6 λint
Arm#2 Detector 25mmx25mm+32mmx32mm 4 Silicon strip tracking layers
140 m 140 m n π0 γ γ 8 cm 6 cm Front Counter Front Counter
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
21
η η = 8 . 4 η=8.77 η=7.60 η η = 6 . 9 1 η=5.99 η=7.60 η η = 6 . 9 1 η=5.99 η η = 8 . 4 η=8.77
θ [μrad] 310
Projected edge
Viewed from IP1 (red:Arm1, blue:Arm2)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
22
DPMJET 3.04 QGSJETII-03 SIBYLL 2.1 EPOS 1.99 PYTHIA 8.145
Blue hatch: Statistics errors of MC Gray hatch : Systematic Errors
Phys.Lett. B703 (2011) 128-134
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
23
( to be submitted PLB)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
24
900GeV
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
25
High η low η 900GeV 7TeV
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
26
UA7 630GeV p p γ
Phys.Lett. B242 (1990) 531-535 6.5 4.5 2.5 1.5 Y
dσ/dY (mb) PT ( MeV/c)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
27
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
28
ATLAS/CMS CMS HF LHCf/ZDC
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
29
CERN-PH-EP/2011-086, arXiv/0329842
3.15< η <4.19
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
30
PRL 98, 252001 (2007)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
31
Neutral hadrons at 14 TeV (LHCf acceptance, no resolution) Neutral hadrons at 14 TeV (LHCf acceptance, 30% resolution)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
32
Forward neutrons by LHC ZDC’s
So far working well for centrality in HI runs Potentially they can work nicely (PID ?) Combined LHCf+ATLAS ZDC may benefit
Other LHC forward detectors
CMS CASTOR :Only coverage for η ~ 6 TOTEM T1, T2, LHCb VELO( 1.6<η< 4.9 ? )
New LHC detectors ?
CMS Forward Shower Calorimeter (FSC) ? Roman Pod type calorimeter (a la UA7) ?
RHIC 0dgree measurement ?
√s= 500GeV with larger PT acceptance Possible π0 measurement
RHIC IP
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
33
10 100 1000 10000
4 2 6 8 10
LHCf 7TeV γ LHCf 0.9TeV γ LHCf 7TeV π0 CMS HF ATLAS CMS ALICE dn/dη BRAHMS PT UA7 π0 CDF dn/dη UA5 dn/dη ISR dn/dη θ =<PT>/ Pbeam <PT>~0.4GeV/c
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
34
Exp beam target NA49 CERN SPS 128GeV/c p C, p NA61 CERN SPS 31GeV/c p, etc π+- C, Be… HARP CERN PS 3,5,8,9,12GeV/c p π+- C,Be,p.. MIPP FNAL-MI 58,120GeV/c p C,Be… NA61 pbeam = 31GeV/c HARP p+Cπ +X pbeam = 12GeV/c Relevant E (1015eV shower) Plab=10~103GeV
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
35
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
36
HARP NA61 NA49 MIPP
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
37
Synergy btw UHECR and LHC is so important to solve
Key parameters for understanding air showers, σinel, forward
First TOTEM σinel LHCf forward spectra Recent progress in various energy range (i.e. NA61, HARP, etc.)
Striking impacts on UHECR analysis has been given by
Nuclear effects (QGP, shadowing, etc.) not address here are
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
38
NA49 ( pbeam=158GeV/c ) NA61 ( pbeam=31GeV/c ) NA61(SHINE) pbeam data sets NA49 pbeam = 158GeV/c NA61 pbeam = 31GeV/c
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
39
MIPP detector
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
40
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
41
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
42
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
43
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
44
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
45
High η low η
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
46
High η low η
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
47
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
48
FNAL bubble chamber p + p p + X (at 205GeV/c) Whitmore et al, PRD11(1975)3124
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
49
PYTHIA8 does not reproduce UA7 Can we confirm/update/improve UA7?
Pare et al. PYTHIA8 (histos) vs UA7 fit
49
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
50
High η low η
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
51
LHCf Front Counter LHCf Calorimeter BRAN-IC ZDC type1 ZDC type2
Beam pipe
TAN
Neutral particles
Side view
BRAN-Sci
IP1
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
52
single γ
Neutrons (w/ 30% resolution) Neutrons (true energy)
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
53
DATA
15 May 2010 17:45‐21:23, at Low Luminosity 6x1028cm‐2s‐1, no beam
crossing angle
0.68 nb‐1 for Arm1, 0.53nb‐1 for Arm2
MC
DPMJET3.0４
, QGSJETII03, SYBILL2.1, EPOS1.99 PYTHIA 8.145 with the default parameters.
107 inelastic p-p collisions by each model.
Analysis
Two pseudo-rapidity, η>10.94 and 8.81<η<8.9. No correction for geometrical acceptance. Combine spectra between Arm1 and Arm2.
Normalized by number of inelastic collisions
with assumption as σ inela = 71.5mb. (c.f. 73.5±0.6. mb by TOTEM )
+1.8
(O.Adriani et al., PLB703 (2011) 128-134 Arm1 Arm2
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
54
Event selection and correction
– Select events <L90% threshold and multiply P/ε
ε (photon detection efficiency) and P (photon purity)
– By normalizing MC template L90% to data,
ε and P for certain L90% threshold are determined.
dE Integral of dE
Photon Hadron
Calorimeter layers Calorimeter layers
Elemag: 44r.l. Hadronic: 1.7λ Calorimeter Depth L90% Distribution
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
55
Very forward region : collision of a low-x parton with a large-x
parton
Small-x gluon become dominating in higher energy collision by
self interaction.
But they may be saturated (Color Glass Condenstation)
Low-x high-x Very forward
Naively CGC-like suppression may
However situation is more complex (not simple hard parton collsions, but including soft + semi-hard ) soft semi- hard hard
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
56
pp 7TeV, EPOS
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
57
ZDC space at PHENIX (by Goto‐san): 10cm radius beam pipe aperture at 18m => η>5.9
57
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
58
Eta vs. Energy Eta vs. number flux Eta vs. energy flux Vertical lines at |η|=6
Multiplicity Energy Flux All particles neutral
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
59
Pseudo-rapidity selection, η>10.94 and 8.81<η<8.9 Normalized by number of inelastic collisions
with assumption as σ inela = 71.5mb ( <->73.5±0.6. mb by TOTEM )
Spectra in the two detectors are
consistent within errors.
by weighted average according to errors Arm1 detector Arm2 detector
+1.8
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
60
XF = E/Etot
Half of shower particles comes from large XF γ
Measurement at very forward region is needed
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
61
Transition curve for 10 17eV proton
π0 reconstructed spectrum
statistical systematic
OSCAR ADRIANI LHCC MEETING, CERN 23 MARCH 2011
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
62
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
63
5×1019 eV proton showers ( 60 deg zenith) # of electrons
No cut low XF γ origin ( xF < 0.05 ) π,Κ origin ( xF < 0.1 ) Half of shower particles comes from large XF γ
Measurement at very forward region is needed
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
64
η η = 8 . 4 η=8.77 η=7.60 η η = 6 . 9 1 η=5.99
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
65
R.Ulrich et al., PRD83(2011)054026
Xmax RMS Xmax Xmax RMS Xmax p p Fe Fe
Cross section multiplicity elasticity
Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012
66