Review of accelerator data of relevance to air shower simulations - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb2012 Review of accelerator data of relevance to air shower simulations Yoshitaka Itow STE Lab / Kobayashi-Maskawa Inst. Nagoya University “UHECR 2012” Feb 13-16, 2012, CERN 1

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Hadron interactions at ultra high energy Accelerator � Cosmic rays Precision improvement Hint for interactions at ultra-ultra high energy E CM ~ ( 2 × E lab × M p ) 1/2 √ s=14TeV collision at LHC � 10 17 eV cosmic rays 2

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Cosmic ray spectrum & historical colliders HEAT AUGER, TA TALE 10 10 10 20 eV RHIC LHC 14TeV SppS LHC 0.9TeV Tevatron LHC 7 TeV ISR >40 yrs legacy of wisdom for interactions available ! 3

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 ① Inelastic cross section If large σ rapid development ④ 2ndary interactions If small σ deep penetrating nucleon, π ② Forward energy spectrum If softer shallow development If harder deep penetrating ③ Inelasticity k= 1-p lead /p beam If large k rapid development Important, but irrelevant to A.S. If small k ⑤ P T deep penetrating ⑥ multiplicity (relevant to N µ ) 4

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Outline of this talk � What type of interactions we concern ? � Sort out the data regarding as relevance to air showers phenomena, especially focusing on Xmax � Inelastic cross section � Forward energy spectra � Inelasticity � low energy data � Nuclear effect is important, but … � This talk focuses just on p-p � Comments on possible p-A runs at LHC before long shutdown 5

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 IP5 :CMS The 7 LHC TOTEM experiments IP2: ALICE IP8: LHCb, MoEDAL Beam 1 Beam 2 IP1 : ATLAS LHCf 6

UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 ) θ 2 7 ln(tan A LHC detector and pseudorapidity (pseudo)rapidity η = − ( η >~8.5) ZDC Central detector (ATLAS) Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data LHC tunnel IP

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 pseudorapidity and interactions σ @7TeV φ Elastic ~25mb -10 η -10 φ Single ~10mb diffractive -10 η -10 η gap φ Double ~10mb diffractive -10 η -10 φ Non- ~50mb diffractive -10 η -10 8

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Very forward : Majority of energy flow ( √ s=14TeV) Multiplicity Energy Flux All particles neutral 8.4 < η < ∞ Most of the energy flows into very forward ( Particles of X F > 0.1 contribute 50% of shower particles ) 9

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Energy flow for √ s=14 and 7TeV 14TeV 7TeV LHCf/ZDC LHCf/ZDC CMS HF CMS HF Double diffractive π 0 ATLAS/CMS Single diffractive π 0 10

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Inelastic cross section TOTEM � ATLAS � CMS � ALICE � 11

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Measurement of σ inel Total rate: R tot Total inelastic rate : R inel Total elastic rate: R el : N proj : N targ dR Elastic rate el projectile target at 0 degree dt = t 0 Optical theorem ( ( ) ) π 1 16 dR Re f 0 σ = ρ = el el ( ( ) ) + ρ + tot Im f 0 2 1 R R dt el = el inel t 0 = − 2 t ( p p ) in out σ = = + L R R R Simple way tot tot el inel R R f N N σ = = inel obs , R = rev proj t arg L ε inel inel VdM scan L π Σ Σ 2 eff arg 12 proj t

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 ATLAS σ inela measurement Nature Commun. 2 (2011) 463 − − 1 f N N − ξ < × 6 − σ ξ > × = × 5 10 6 obs BG ( 5 10 ) ∫ ε inel ε × Ldt sel trig • Use MB events with 20.3 +- 0.7 µ b -1 Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillator(MBTS) • Cut diffractive events ( ξ < 5E-6) − σ ξ > × = 6 ( 5 10 ) inel ± 60 . 33 2 . 10 (exp .) mb • extrapolate entire ξ σ ξ > = 2 ( m p / s ) inel ± ± 69 . 1 2 . 4 (exp .) 6 . 9 ( extr ) mb 13

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 TOTEM “Roman Pod” measurement 14 m Roman Pot stations in the RP (147 m) RP (220m) LHC tunnel ( F.Ferro, Diffraction 2010) 14

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 d σ TOTEM σ inel el = 503.7 +- 1.5 +- 26.7 mb/GeV 2 dt = t 0 Roman pod measurement EPL, 95 (2011) 41001 π � 2 16 ( c ) dR σ = 2 el + ρ tot 2 1 dt = t 0 ρ =0.14 +0.01-0.08 (COMPETE collaboration) d σ el dt = t 0 + σ = ± 2 . 8 98 . 3 0 . 2 mb − tot 2 . 7 σ = σ − σ Integrated over entire “t” region inel tot el σ = ∫ + = ± d 1 . 8 σ = ± ± 73 . 5 0 . 6 mb el dt 24 . 8 0 . 2 1 . 2 mb − 1 . 3 el dt 15

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 σ inel result @ 7TeV LHC Tevatron UA4 ISR d σ /dt(t=0) TOTEM 73.5+-0.6+1.8-1.3 mb ATLAS 69.4+-2.4+-6,9 mb MBTS sample CMS 68.0+-2.0+-2.4+-4 mb Ntrk sample ALICE 72.7+-1.1+-5.1 mb VZERO sample 16

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 ALICE σ diffraction J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 38 (2011) 124044 17

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Forward energy spectra / Inelastiscity / P T � LHCf � UA7 � CMS FCAL � RHIC BRAHMS � Forward neutron spectra 18

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 LHC zero degree experimental site Protons Protons Charged particles (+) Charged particles (+) Neutral particles Neutral particles Beam pipe Beam pipe Charged particles ( (- -) ) Charged particles ATLAS 96mm 140m LHCf/ZDC 140m TAN absorber 19

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 LHCf: location and detector layout Detector II Detector II Detector I Detector I INTERACTION POINT INTERACTION POINT Tungsten Tungsten Tungsten Tungsten Scintillator Scintillator Scintillator Scintillator IP1 (ATLAS) IP1 (ATLAS) µ strips Silicon µ strips Scintillating fibers fibers Silicon Scintillating Front Counter Front Counter 140 m 140 m γ 8 cm 6 cm γ n π 0 44X 0 , 1.6 λ int Arm#1 Detector Arm#2 Detector 20mmx20mm+40mmx40mm 25mmx25mm+32mmx32mm 4 SciFi tracking layers 4 Silicon strip tracking layers 20

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Rapidity vs Forward energy spectra η =7.60 η =5.99 η =5.99 1 1 η =7.60 0 9 9 4 . . . 8 6 6 = η η = = η η η η 0 4 . η =8.77 8 = η η η =8.77 θ [ μ rad] Viewed from IP1 310 (red:Arm1, blue:Arm2) Projected edge 0 of beam pipe 21

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 LHCf single γ spectra at 7TeV Phys.Lett. B703 (2011) 128-134 DPMJET 3.04 QGSJETII-03 SIBYLL 2.1 EPOS 1.99 PYTHIA 8.145 Gray hatch : Systematic Errors Blue hatch: Statistics errors of MC 22

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 New LHCf single γ spectra at 900 GeV ( to be submitted PLB) 23

UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 24 LHCf 900GeV single γ spectra: Data/MC Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data 900GeV

UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 25 LHCf 900GeV single γ spectra: Data/MC low η Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data High η 900GeV 7TeV

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 UA7 π 0 P T at 630GeV Phys.Lett. B242 (1990) 531-535 γ p p P T ( MeV/c) d σ /dY (mb) UA7 630GeV 6.5 4.5 2.5 1.5 26 Y

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 New LHCf π 0 P T at 7TeV ( Preliminary ) 27

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 CMS HF : forward energy flow LHCf/ZDC CMS HF ATLAS/CMS 28

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 CMS HF: Forward energy flow CERN-PH-EP/2011-086, arXiv/0329842 0.9TeV 7TeV 3.15< η <4.19 29

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 RHIC BRAHMS : charged spectra at √ s=200GeV PRL 98, 252001 (2007) 30

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Inelasticity~ 0 degree neutron spectra � Important for X max and also N µ � Measurement of inelasticity at LHC energy Neutral hadrons at 14 TeV Neutral hadrons at 14 TeV (LHCf acceptance, 30% resolution) (LHCf acceptance, no resolution) 31

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Future data for forward energy flow � Forward neutrons by LHC ZDC’s � So far working well for centrality in HI runs � Potentially they can work nicely (PID ?) � Combined LHCf+ATLAS ZDC may benefit � Other LHC forward detectors � CMS CASTOR :Only coverage for η ~ 6 � TOTEM T1, T2, LHCb VELO( 1.6< η < 4.9 ? ) � New LHC detectors ? � CMS Forward Shower Calorimeter (FSC) ? � Roman Pod type calorimeter (a la UA7) ? � RHIC 0dgree measurement ? RHIC IP � √ s= 500GeV with larger P T acceptance � Possible π 0 measurement 32

Y.Itow, Review of Accelerator data UHECR2012@ 14Feb 2012 Summary : forward spectra coverage 7TeV γ LHCf 0.9TeV γ LHCf 10 7TeV π 0 LHCf 8 θ =<P T >/ P beam UA7 π 0 <P T >~0.4GeV/c η BRAHMS 6 CMS HF P T 4 UA5 dn/d η CDF dn/d η dn/d η ISR ATLAS ALICE dn/d η 2 CMS 0 100 10 1000 10000 √ s 33