Rethinking)the) landscape0 Carys Swanwick Landscape Forward - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rethinking)the) landscape0

Carys Swanwick Landscape Forward Symposium Newcastle 18th March 2015

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Four)themes0

• In between landscapes
• Thinking outside the box
• Language of landscape
• Future generations

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In)between)landscapes)

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• An in between

landscape

• A landscape

in decline

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Monitoring Landscape Change in England and Wales

Measured change Between 1940s…. …. and 1980

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Monitoring Landscape Change in National Parks Change between 1970s and 1980s

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Changing Landscapes Countryside Quality Counts

• Between 1990 and 1998 about

40% of our landscapes were either stable or showed changes in elements that were consistent with existing descriptions of countryside character.

• For 23% of our landscapes the

changes were marked and inconsistent with these changes.

• In the remaining 37% of our

landscapes, the changes were inconsistent but were of less significance for overall character

*

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Changing Landscapes CQEL

One of the highest regional proportions

• f ‘diverging’

landscapes

East Midlands Region

*

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Thinking)outside)the)box)

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National)Forest)

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Photo courtesy National Forest Company

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Photo courtesy National Forest Company

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• Almost 8.5 million trees planted since 1995 and 6,931ha of

new Forest created

• Forest cover increased from an initial 6% to 19.8% across

the 200 square miles of the forest - aim to increase this to around a third cover at the completion of planting

• 80% of the total Forest creation achieved has open public

access

• Over 2,150ha of habitats important for wildlife created or

brought back into management

• 96km (59.6 miles) of new hedgerows planted and over 150

new wildlife ponds created

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• 271,000 people have participated in Forest-related events
• 10,000 people involved in Plant a Tree events since 2001
• Over 45 new sport and recreation facilities created including fishing,

mountain biking, orienteering, carriage driving, cross country horseriding and sledging

• 102km of new cycleways have been created
• Tourism now worth £336m pa - an increase from £286m in 2003
• 7.2 million visitors to the National Forest in 2013 and 4,561 tourism

related job

• Over £1million has been raised from business sponsorship and

donations from the public.

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Photo courtesy National Forest Company

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Photo courtesy National Forest Company

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Photo courtesy National Forest Company

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National)Trust0

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Page 28 National Trust

" The$picture$of$Hafod$Y$Llan$from$Helen’s$ AGM$speech$(Ka<e$Knowles$can$source)$

What will we do?

• Invest in getting all of our land into

a good condition

• Develop, test and promote a new

economic model for land management

• Invest in a suite of landscape

scale partnership projects A healthy, beautiful environment

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Page 29 National Trust

Seven big landscape scale projects

• 1. South West coast
• 2. Lakes
• 3. Migneint
• 4. West Sussex landscapes (South

Downs)

• 5. High Peak / Clear Lakes
• 6. Bure Valley (Blickling & Felbrigg)
• 7. Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire

All will be part of thinking and testing what can be done in partnership

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Page 30 National Trust

" Leave to Matt What might we do?

• Test sustainable models for

looking after urban green space

• Test our role in helping cities

improve heritage and green space management

• and……??

Help shape the places people live

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Sheffield Botanical Gardens is the

• nly public open space in the

country where the voluntary sector has raised more than £1 million in match funding.

Sheffield$Botanical$Gardens$ were$awarded$£5.06$million$ under$the$Urban$Parks$Programme$ Had$to$be$matched$by$£1.22$million$ raised$locally$and$£0.41$million$$

• f$work$in$kind$

$$$ It#might#need#something#like# £100#million#to#endow#all## Sheffield’s#Parks#and#Greenspaces# 31$

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National)Grid0

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VISUAL IMPACT PROVISION

• National Grid is funded by a price

control mechanism which is agreed with and set by Ofgem, the electricity and gas markets regulator

• The new price controls and

incentives include a provision of £500 million for electricity transmission owners to mitigate the visual impact of existing electricity infrastructure in nationally protected landscapes in Great Britain

• For National Grid this means

considering the visual amenity of

• ur existing infrastructure in

National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs)

• This is the ‘Visual Impact Provision’

The Approach

National Grid’s policy document set out plans for using the allowance. These included:

• setting up an independently chaired

Stakeholder Advisory Group to help National Grid set the priorities for spending the £500m;

• substantial engagement with
• rganisations and communities not on

the advisory group; and

• decision making based on a series of

Guiding Principles.

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Stakeholder Advisory Group

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• Four meetings so far
• Will meet two or three times

a year until 2016

Scale of work We have assessed:

• 50 sections of line
• in 26 designated areas
• further divided into 122

subsections, each separately assessed

• plus a further 6 sections of line

adjacent to 4 additional designated landscapes

• divided into 8 more subsections
• overall 56 sections, 130

subsections

• around 600 km of line assessed

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Joe Turner | Consents Officer

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

Visual Impact Provision Visual Impact Provision

Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment The Outcomes

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Tamar Valley YF1 4.20 km Peak District ZO4 5.56 km Dorset 4YA7 5.10 km Peak District ZO2 2.37 km Peak District ZO 3 3.60 km Brecon Beacons 4YU3 4.70 km North Wessex Downs YYM4 6.80 km Snowdonia 4ZC1 7.07 km Dorset 4VN2 3.60 km Dorset 4YA5 2.60 km High Weald 4ZJ1 4.50 km New Forest 4YB2 3.60 km (Bold ones have one score of 10, red bold has two scores of 10) TOTAL LENGTH 53.40km

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Candidate Sub-Sections for more detailed assessment

Tamar Valley YF.1 Peak District 4ZO.4 Dorset 4YA.7 Peak District 4ZO.2

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Snowdonia 4ZC.1 North Wessex Downs YYM.4 Peak District 4ZO.3 Brecon Beacons 4YU.3

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Dorset VN.2 Dorset 4YA.5 High Weald ZJ.1 New Forest 4YB.2

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View over ‘Battle of Hastings’ registered battlefield

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Options Appraisal ! Grid team now running meetings in each candidate area, including stakeholder meetings and public meetings ! Identifying technical options for each ! Report on each will go to SAG in September when we will have to select the shortlist of 4 or 5 for full technical and environmental appraisal ! Not yet clear which ones are favourites…..

Landscape Enhancement Scheme ! SAG and Ofgem have agreed that £24million of funds can be used to pay for a grant scheme ! £4 million a year for 6 years ! 30 affected areas can bid in to this via AONB and NP authorities ! Will be a significant boost to resources in times

• f austerity

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HS2)Landscape)Vision0

Courtesy Kathryn Moore BCU and Landscape Magazine

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The)Language)of)Landscape0

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“not a language that has been made by elites for elites” “one spoken by walkers and by workers”

“not a language that has been made by elites for elites” “one spoken by walkers and by workers”

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• Not man made
• Untouched
• No buildings

Natural

• Not man made
• Untouched
• No buildings

Natural

• Sea
• Mountains
• Fields
• Open spaces
• Forests
• Rivers
• Air
• Beaches
• Countryside
• Flora and fauna
• Woodland
• Scenery
• The planet
• Earth

Components

• Sea
• Mountains
• Fields
• Open spaces
• Forests
• Rivers
• Air
• Beaches
• Countryside
• Flora and fauna
• Woodland
• Scenery
• The planet
• Earth

Components

• Leaves
• Trees
• Grass
• Bark
• Plants
• Fruit

Greenery

• Leaves
• Trees
• Grass
• Bark
• Plants
• Fruit

Greenery

• Fresh air
• Clean air
• Cleanliness

Purity

• Fresh air
• Clean air
• Cleanliness

Purity Nature Nature

• Animals
• Birds
• Insects
• Fish
• Wildlife
• Farms/zoos –

(minority younger/ urban)

Wildlife

• Animals
• Birds
• Insects
• Fish
• Wildlife
• Farms/zoos –

(minority younger/ urban)

Wildlife

• Seasons

Climate

• Seasons

Climate

Figure 1: Public understanding of the terms ‘nature’ and ‘natural environment’ (from - Central Office of Information and Defra, 2007. Public understanding of the concepts and language around ecosystem services and the natural environment. Defra. London. pp.83).

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• Undisturbed
• Untouched
• Wild
• Unkept
• No concrete
• Before man

Natural

• Undisturbed
• Untouched
• Wild
• Unkept
• No concrete
• Before man

Natural

• Landscape
• Hills
• Woods
• Forests
• Lakes
• Streams
• Sky
• Sea
• Sunset
• Stars
• Mountains
• Clouds
• Coasts
• Water
• Beaches
• Fields
• Rivers

Components

• Landscape
• Hills
• Woods
• Forests
• Lakes
• Streams
• Sky
• Sea
• Sunset
• Stars
• Mountains
• Clouds
• Coasts
• Water
• Beaches
• Fields
• Rivers

Components

• Trees
• Grass
• Plants
• Flowers

Greenery

• Trees
• Grass
• Plants
• Flowers

Greenery

• Fresh air
• Cleanliness
• Oxygen
• Healthy

Purity

• Fresh air
• Cleanliness
• Oxygen
• Healthy

Purity

• Animals
• Birds
• Wildlife

Wildlife

• Animals
• Birds
• Wildlife

Wildlife

• Similar aspects to ‘nature’ emerge
• Weather

Climate

• Weather

Climate Natural Environment Natural Environment

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Future)generations)

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The Department of Landscape

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What)does)the)future)hold0

• Evidence-based predictions of what

society's attitudes to landscape may be in the future do not exist

• What demographic, social and cultural

factors shape attitudes today

• How might those factors and the

attitudes that result may develop as the present century unfolds

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Education))and)values)are)vital0

• Level of educational attainment and

membership of environmental

• rganisations seem to be important
• Environmental value orientations may be

especially important

• Important to understand how values and

attitudes to land, landscape and the wider environment are formed

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Which)future?0

• Pessimistic
• Society will become ever more distanced from the natural

environment in both urban and rural areas

• Children are, for a variety of reasons, being less and less

exposed to contact with nature leading to “nature deficit disorder”

• Current older generations who appear most orientated to

valuing and enjoying both land and landscape will pass on

• Population will also become more urban and more diverse as

a result of immigration. It will turn more to digital media for its leisure

• Recognition of the value of rural landscapes and also of green

space could decline significantly over the coming decades

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Which)future?0

• Optimistic
• Changes in attitudes may be checked as economic and

environmental circumstances change

• Society might increasingly realise the benefits that

interaction with land and landscape can bring, especially for mental and physical health

• May be interventions to change attitudes and behaviour,

with the intention of re-establishing strong societal links with land/landscape/nature/natural environments

• This may be achieved through policy change, through

education and information, and through use of the media – and through practical initiatives

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Photo courtesy National Forest Company

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