RESPONSES OF MILKWEEDS: INVESTIGATING CLIMATIC SENSITIVITY AMONG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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RESPONSES OF MILKWEEDS: INVESTIGATING CLIMATIC SENSITIVITY AMONG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN GERMINATION RESPONSES OF MILKWEEDS: INVESTIGATING CLIMATIC SENSITIVITY AMONG THREE CONGENERS Jessa Finch and Kay Havens-Young Plant Biology and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden and Northwestern University

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INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN GERMINATION RESPONSES OF MILKWEEDS: INVESTIGATING CLIMATIC SENSITIVITY AMONG THREE CONGENERS

Jessa Finch and Kay Havens-Young

Plant Biology and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden and Northwestern University National Native Seed Conference February 14, 2017

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Interspecific Intraspecific Restoration

(Alex Seglias)

between species within species

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Seeds: Steve Hurst, USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

Restoration

Early Life Stages Adult Life Stages

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National Seed Strategy Objective 2.2:

Conduct species-specific research to provide seed technology, storage, and production protocols for restoration species

(Alex Seglias)

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Field Lab

Research Aim:

Investigate interspecific and intraspecific variation of early life stages of three milkweeds

(Alex Seglias)

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Study Species (Family: Apocynaceae, Sub-Family: Asclepiadoideae)

Species

Asclepias syriaca Asclepias verticillata Asclepias incarnata

Common Name

Common milkweed Whorled milkweed Swamp milkweed

Flower Pink, mauve White Deep pink Breeding Primarily self-incompatible Self-incompatible Primarily self-compatible Pollination Large bees, butterflies Small bees, wasps Large bees, butterflies, wasps Clonal High Medium No Habitat Roadsides, old fields, forest edges Roadside, dry prairies,

  • pen hillsides

Wetlands, wet prairies

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Study Species (Family: Apocynaceae, Sub-Family: Asclepiadoideae)

Species

Asclepias syriaca Asclepias verticillata Asclepias incarnata

Common Name

Common milkweed Whorled milkweed Swamp milkweed

Flower Pink, mauve White Deep pink Breeding Primarily self-incompatible Self-incompatible Primarily self-compatible Pollination Large bees, butterflies Small bees, wasps Large bees, butterflies, wasps Clonal High Medium No Habitat Roadsides, old fields, forest edges Roadside, dry prairies,

  • pen hillsides

Wetlands, wet prairies

* Asclepias seeds have physiological dormancy broken by cold-moist stratification

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Seed Collections (Fall 2015)

Swamp milkweed (n=10) Common milkweed (n=9) Whorled milkweed (n=7)

Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)

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Experiment Cold Stratification Incubation

  • 1. Cold Stratification Length

0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 weeks (3˚C) 15/6˚C

  • 2. Germination Temperature

0, 12 weeks (3˚C) 15/6 - 20/10˚C

Collection Viability testing Plate on agar Thermo-gradient table or incubator Score germination Cold Stratify Viability testing

Methods

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Cold Stratification Length

Swamp milkweed 15/5ºC Common milkweed 15/5ºC Whorled milkweed 15/5ºC Swamp milkweed 25/15ºC Common milkweed 25/15ºC Whorled milkweed 25/15ºC

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Cold Stratification Length

Swamp milkweed 15/5ºC Common milkweed 15/5ºC Whorled milkweed 15/5ºC Swamp milkweed 25/15ºC Common milkweed 25/15ºC Whorled milkweed 25/15ºC

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Incubation Temperature

Swamp milkweed 0 weeks (non-stratified) Common milkweed 0 weeks (non-stratified) Whorled milkweed 0 weeks (non-stratified) Swamp milkweed 12 weeks (3°C) Common milkweed 12 weeks (3°C) Whorled milkweed 12 weeks (3°C)

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Incubation Temperature

Swamp milkweed 0 weeks (non-stratified) Common milkweed 0 weeks (non-stratified) Whorled milkweed 0 weeks (non-stratified) Swamp milkweed 12 weeks (3°C) Common milkweed 12 weeks (3°C) Whorled milkweed 12 weeks (3°C)

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Germination Tolerance Range

Common milkweed Whorled milkweed Swamp milkweed

south north south north south north

Population

(Levins, 1968; Feinsinger et al., 1981; Barak et al. 2015)

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Field Germination Study (2015-16)

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Field Emergence & Establishment

Swamp Milkweed Common Milkweed

south north south north

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Implications for Milkweed Production

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Implications for Seed Sourcing

  • Lab-based TR was

not a good predictor

  • f field response
  • Greater variation

among populations than species or regions → refine seed zones with site matching

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Acknowledgements

Kayri Havens-Young, Andrea Kramer, Jeremie Fant, Jeffrey Walck Kramer-Havens Lab, Alex Seglias Victoria Lason, Henny Kim, Tia Chung-Swanson, Ushna Jadoon, Rachel Kreb Chicago Botanic Garden Plant Production and Grounds Departments, Brian Clark Bureau of Land Management, Illinois Association of Environmental Professionals, Illinois State Academy of Science, NU Plant Biology and Conservation, National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie and Tyson Research Center

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Questions?

Jessa Finch, Chicago Botanic Garden jfinch@chicagobotanic.org

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The preceding presentation was delivered at the This and additional presentations available at http://nativeseed.info

2017 National Native Seed Conference

Washington, D.C. February 13-16, 2017