Parcours(éduca+fs(et(inégalités(à(l'embauche( entre(hommes(et(femmes(en(Suisse ( (work&in&progress) & Chris0an&IMDORF& Social'Research'&'Methodology'Group' University'of'Basel' chris;an.imdorf@unibas.ch' Research&context & EduLIFE&project&“Educa0on&and&gender&differences&in&schoolCtoC work&transi0ons”:&Swiss&country&study& & Switzerland:&Strong,&stable&gender&segrega0on&on&Swiss&labour& market,&related&to&social&inequali0es&to&the&disadvantage&of&women& (Epple&et&al.&2012)& & Research(ques+ons( • Current&extent&of&horizontal&and&ver0cal&gender&inequali0es&at& labor&market&entry?& • How&do&educa0onal&pathways&relate&to&horizontal&/&ver0cal& gender&segrega0on?& • How&does&horizontal&segrega0on&relate&to&ver0cal&gender& inequali0es?&
25(%( 75(%( Tracked(( system( UpperDsecondary(educa+on(and(training( comple+on(rates(in(Switzerland((2010)( Source:&SERI&(2013)&
Most(frequent(VET(programs( by(profession((2011)( Source:&Federal&Sta0s0cal&Office&2012&(SERI&2013)& The(gendered(Swiss(educa+on(&(transi+on(system( Strong&linkage& Labour(Market( X Ter;ary' Labour(Market( University( PET( UAS(/(UTE( educa;on' X Upper' X secondary' Gymnasium( Voca+onal(Educa+on( educa;on' X X Lower' secondary' Compulsory(School( educa;on' Early&decision& No&reCchoice& Specificity& 6&
SexCtyping&of&occupa0on&by&educa0on&(CH)& (18C35&yearColds*,&Swiss&Census&2000)& Educational+ WOMEN+ attainment+ Male2dominated+ Gender2integrated+ Female2domin.+ VET**+ 5.2%+ 49.7%+ 45.2%& UoAS+/+PET+ 6.4%+ 69.7%& 23.9%+ University+ 20.0%& 64.1%+ 15.9%+ + + + + + + + + Educational+ MEN+ attainment+ Male2dominated+ Gender2integrated+ Female2domin.+ VET**+ 63.4%& 30.3%+ 6.4%+ UoAS+/+PET+ 63.0%+ 31.1%+ 5.9%+ University+ 48.5%+ 48.0%& 3.4%+ ! *)&&&Without&appren0ces& **)&Appren0ceship,&full0me&VETCschool,&teacher&colleges,&upperCsecondary&specialised&schools& & SexCtyping&of&occupa0on&by&educa0on&(France) French&census&2006:&15to34CyearColds,&France&metropol.,& & PCS&(486),&without&appren0ces&&&trainees & HOMMES( SexDtyping(of(occupa+on*( maleC genderC femaleC Diplôme(le(plus(élevé( dominated& integrated& dominated& Total& Pas&de&scolarité& 61.3%& 32.9%& 5.8%& Aucun&diplôme&mais&scolarité&jusqu’en&école&primaire&ou&au& collège& 68.7%& 26.3%& 5.0%& Aucun&diplôme&mais&scolarité&au&delà&du&collège& 68.2%& 25.7%& 6.1%& Cer0ficat&d’études&primaires& 67.7%& 26.1%& 6.2%& BEPC,&brevet&élémentaire,&brevet&des&collèges& 64.1%& 27.5%& 8.4%& Cer0ficat&d’ap0tudes&professionnelles,&brevet&d.&compagnon& 77.7%( 18.2%( 4.1%& Brevet&d’études&professionnelles& 72.1%& 21.9%& 5.9%& 100%& Baccalauréat&général,&brevet&supérieur& 54.6%& 32.4%& 13.0%& Bac&technologique&ou&professionnel,&brevet&professionnel&ou& de&technicien,&BEC,&BEI,&BEH,&capacité&en&droit& 68.1%& 24.4%& 7.5%& Diplôme&universitaire&de&1er&cycle,&BTS,&DUT,&diplôme&des& professions&sociales&ou&de&santé,&d’infirmier(ère)& 54.3%& 32.5%& 13.2%& Diplôme&universitaire&de&2ème&ou&3ème&cycle,&diplôme& d’ingénieur,&d’une&grande&école,&doctorat,&etc.& 42.1%( 48.7%( 9.2%& Total&hommes&(1’444’861&unweighted&cases)& 62.0%& 29.8%& 8.3%& *)&Weighted&percentages&
& SexCtyping&of&occupa0on&by&educa0on&(France) French&census&2006:&15to34CyearColds,&France&metropol.,& & PCS&(486),&without&appren0ces&&&trainees & FEMMES( SexDtyping(of(occupa+on*( maleC genderC femaleC Diplôme(le(plus(élevé( dominated& integrated& dominated& Total& Pas&de&scolarité& 12.6%& 49.3%& 38.1%& Aucun&diplôme&mais&scolarité&jusqu’en&école&primaire&ou&au& collège& 13.1%& 40.5%& 46.3%& Aucun&diplôme&mais&scolarité&au&delà&du&collège& 13.2%& 36.4%& 50.3%& Cer0ficat&d’études&primaires& 12.2%& 36.3%& 51.5%& BEPC,&brevet&élémentaire,&brevet&des&collèges& 13.2%& 33.4%& 53.5%& Cer0ficat&d’ap0tudes&professionnelles,&brevet&d.&compagnon& 12.9%& 29.8%& 57.3%& Brevet&d’études&professionnelles& 11.6%& 27.6%( 60.8%( 100%& Baccalauréat&général,&brevet&supérieur& 11.3%& 33.4%& 55.4%& Bac&technologique&ou&professionnel,&brevet&professionnel&ou& de&technicien,&BEC,&BEI,&BEH,&capacité&en&droit& 10.8%& 27.5%( 61.7%( Diplôme&universitaire&de&1er&cycle,&BTS,&DUT,&diplôme&des& professions&sociales&ou&de&santé,&d’infirmier(ère)& 8.6%& 33.3%& 58.0%& Diplôme&universitaire&de&2ème&ou&3ème&cycle,&diplôme& d’ingénieur,&d’une&grande&école,&doctorat,&etc.& 12.4%& 54.5%( 33.1%( Total&femmes&(1’258’062&unweighted&cases)& 11.1%& 37.1%& 51.8%& *)&Weighted&percentages& Empirical(reconstruc+on(of(schoolDtoDwork( transi+ons(in(Switzerland( • Data:&TREE&longitudinal&study&2000&–&2010+& • Star0ng&point:&PISA&2000&subsample&(N=6343)& • 8&survey&panels:&2001C07&yearly,&plus&2010& • Panel&dropout:&Asri0on&rate&2000C10&=&45,3%& • Subsample:&par0cipants&with&first&significant& job&un0l&2010&(N=&3674)& 10&
Educa+onal(variables ( University( Educa+onal( degree( 5a( 5b( Aaainment( Level( (( Upper(( ( secondary( track((general( vs.(voca+onal)( PreC& gymnasial& Extended&req.& Basic&req.& Lower(( secondary( school( track( Lower(secondary(school(track(by(gender( &
Upper(secondary(track(&( university(degree(by(gender & Are(there(ver+cal(occupa+onal( inequali+es(by(gender(? ( TREE'wave'7,'2007' “Approximately&10%&of&the&young&people&in&employment&were&working&on&the&basis&& of&contracts&scheduled&to&terminate&within&a&year.&Women&are&twice&as&oten&& in&temporary&employment&as&are&men&(14%&vs.&7%)&(Bertschy&et&al&2008).”& 2483&valid&cases& 2020&valid&cases& 1191'(32%)'missings' 1654'(45%)'missings' ChiCSquare&test¬&significant& ChiCSquare&test&significant&
Job( posi%on (by(university(degree( ( and(gender( ( Job( contract (by(university(degree( ( and(gender( &
What(about(the(gender(income(gap(? ( Job(quality:(Gender(segrega+on ( Dissimilarity(index* ( by&occupa0onal&classifica0on& *)'Weighted'with'design'weight'(basewt) &
Dissimilarity(index,(by(lower(secondary(school(track & SexDtyping(of(occupa+on,(by(gender( & Based&on&jobs&held&by&15&to&35CyearColds&according&to&the&Swiss&census&2000,& Swiss&Standard&Classifica0on&of&Occupa0ons&2000,&at&5digit&level,&30/70%&tresholds& (weighted&percentages)& & (unweighted&case&numbers)&
JobDtype:(SexDtyping(of(occupa+on(by(gender( and( lower.secondary.school.track . MEN& WOMEN& SexDtyping(of(occupa+on(by(gender(and( ( upper.secondary.track & MEN& WOMEN&
Is(sexDtype(of(job(linked(to(ver+cal( inequali+es?( Job&contract&and&job&posi0on& • No&effects&of&job&type&on&temporary&work& • Significantly&more&supervisor&roles&in& gender' integrated'jobs &(17%)&then&in&maleC&and& femaleCdominated&jobs&(both&14%)& Mul0variate&analysis & Analysis&I&& Job&type&(sex&type)&=&gendered&occupa0onal&aspira0ons& +&educa0on&(+&early&aspira0ons&*&educa0on)& & Analysis&II&& Job&quality&(wage)&=&gender&+&educa0on&+& educa0on*gender&+&femprop&+&femprop*gender&
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