North headquarters (Regional Norte), Salto, Uruguay Republic University (Universidad de la República)
Presentation organization Decentralization of Republic University (UDELAR) research and college education in Uruguay Creation ¡of ¡a ¡new ¡national ¡degree: ¡“ Licenciatura en Ciencias Hídrias Aplicadas ” ¡( Applied Water Sciences degree) Water Department research lines and current projects General description Virus in groindwater
What do you know about Uruguay? Some numbers Uruguay Netherlands Population 3,300,000 16,800,000 Area km^2 176,215 41,543 Gross Domestic Product per capita $ 16,330.00 $ 46,142.00 Human Development Index 0.792 0.921 (United Nations Development Programme) high (50st) very high (4th) United 5 States Very high human 27 Spain development 41 Chile 49 Argenitna 79 Brasil High human development 98 Colombia
What do you know about Uruguay? El ¡mate….
What do you know about Uruguay? Land of players with Bad Sports Behavior
What do you know about Uruguay? A country where controversial laws have been approved recently
What do you know about Uruguay? Have you hear about the decentralization process of research and college education in Uruguay public University (UDELAR) ?
The Republic University (UDELAR, “Universidad ¡de ¡la ¡ República ”) ¡is ¡the ¡ biggest University in Uruguay 80% of national college tuition 75 % of Uruguay scientific production • In 2007 UDELAR start developing a strategy to expand the University outside the capital city Promote an homogeneous national development based on a cultured society Facilitate access to collage education and university research capacity
Some numbers 56.5% of young people between 18 and 24 live outside the capital city* 34.2% of college tuition is made up of students born outside the capital city* * Universidad de la República. Plan Estratégico de Desarrollo de la Universidad de la República (PLEDUR), Montevideo, 2005. Pág. 26
Some numbers 4-6 people/Km 2 6-15 people/Km 2 15-35 people/Km 2 8% of university students >35 people/Km 2 (8.000) is concentrated in north-west region 55% of Uruguay population is concentrated in the Capital City influence area. 88% of university students (88.000) are concentrated in the Capital City
UDELAR´s Decentralization strategy Define specific research areas to be developed in different regions of the country attuned to local activities Provide relevant research activity and educational offer according to local needs Northeast Region: North West Region: - Natural Resources and Sustainable - Biotechnology Development - Health - Wood - Water and - Meat Energy - Agriculture: food and industry Eastern Region: - Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology - Coastal and Fisheries - Tourism
In this context, in 2010 the Water Department was created at the ¡“Salto” ¡district. ¡
Water department Research lines: Groundwater flow and transport modeling Geophysics Drainage and irrigation of extensive crops Hydraulic and Hydrological modeling • Teaching – Degree in Applied Water Sciences • New Degree in the Country • Academically dependent on the Faculty of Engineering, with the support of the Faculty of Agriculture
Water department Current staff: Full time: 3 Agronomist Engineers (1 MSc.: Soil Drainage, 2 MSc. Student: Irrigation) 1 Civil Engineers (PhD: Hydrogeology,) 1 Electro-mechanic Engineer (MSc. Student: Geophisics) 1 Computer Engineer (MSc. Student: High Performance Computing) 1 ¡“Civil - Agronomist” ¡(PhD : Hydrodynamic modelling) Part time (teaching activities mainly) 1 Civil Engineers (MSc: Hydrology) 1 Agronomist Engineers ( MSc.: Soil Drainage) 2 Chemist (1 PhD Student) 1 Degree in atmospheric sciences 1 Geologist 1 Surveyor Engineer
Water department • On going incorporations (full time): – 1 Chemist (in charge of a physicochemical water analysis laboratory) – 2 full time professors (assistant and associated positions) – 2 students (to be trained) • On going incorporations (full time) in Paysandú district: – 2 river ecologists (1 PhD, 1 MSc)
Creation of a new national degree on Salto: “ Licenciatura en Ciencias Hídrias Aplicadas ” (Applied Water Sciences degree) Agronomist Civil engineer WATER Concept: Environmentalist a nd ¡more…
“ Licenciatura en Ciencias Hídrias Aplicadas ” (Applied Water Sciences degree) Profile: Assessment of water resources availability Small civil engineering projects related to water resources Design of irrigation systems Studies of urban drainage Agriculture effluent treatment and sanitation for small communities Integrate research groups in water sciences Integrate professional work groups related to water management
“ Licenciatura en Ciencias Hídrias Aplicadas ” (Applied Water Sciences degree) Semestre 1 Semestre 2 Cálculo 1 Cálculo 2 Año 1 Física 1 Física 2 2012 Geometría y álgebra lineal 1 Geometría y álgebra lineal 2 Taller de diseño 1 Geología Electromagnetismo* Edafología Computación y métodos numéricos Año 2 Mecánica de fluidos Agrometeorología 2013 Hidrología Química del agua Hidráulica de conducciones a superficie libre Introducción a la Probabilidad y la Estadística Introducción a la actividad agropecuaria* Instalaciones hidráulicas a presión Sistemas de riego y drenaje 1 Año 3 Modelos hidrológico Medio ambiente y calidad de agua 2014 Geofísica general Geotécnica Topografía y Sistemas de Información Métodos geofísicos aplicados Geográfica Agroefluentes y saneamiento para pequeñas Sistemas de riego y drenaje 2 Año 4 comunidades Hidrología urbana Hidrometria y obras hidráulica 2015 Hidrología subterránea Normativa, legislación y economía del agua Pasantía Proyecto
Water department Research lines: Groundwater flow and transport modeling Collaboration with IDAEA-CSIC, UPC (Spain) Modeling the hydrogeochemical evolution of brine in saline systems: case study of the Sabkha of Oum El Khialate in South East Tunisia
Water department Groundwater and geophysics – Advances in the hydrogeologic knowledge of Sistem aquifer Guaraní in the southern region (funded by the Water Resources Secretariat – Argentina) In collaboration with: Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) and Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Water department Groundwater flow and transport modeling – Update of the of Guarani Aquifer numerical model for Concordia-Salto area (funded by DINAGUA: National Water Direction) Tourism industry associated to hot spring water
Water department Using geothermal energy for heating greenhouses
Water department Using geothermal energy for heating greenhouses Producción Total 700 600 500 kg de Tomate 400 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 Acumulada SC 5.05 79.32 115.47 155.76 Acumulada CC 66.27 355.85 505.90 661.54
Water department • Hydrological modeling – Water balance of “Cuenca ¡del ¡Plata” (Uruguay balance) Témez (monthly time step) MGB (daily time step ): ¡“Arapey” ¡ basin
Water department Resolution transport equation on GPU 2 c c c S D u 2 t x x Assessment of accuracy/ efficiency for implicit and explicit schemes on GUP
Water department Alternative Analysis for mitigating the effects of climate variability and climate change, to promote production in “ Gestido Colony” ¡ Salto.
Water department Platform for irrigation experimentation and teaching and small basins hydrological monitoring.
Water department The platform allowed to develop projects together with INIA (National Institute of Agricultural Research) A 4 year experiment will start this year: Soil properties are going to be evaluated in 6 sets of continuous rotation in rainfed agriculture, surface irrigation and center pivot irrigation.
Virus in Groundwater: Characterization of transport mechanisms and impact on productive areas dedicated to fruit and vegetable production in Salto
Salto’s ¡fruit ¡and ¡ vegetable production “belt” Production in the area depends on groundwater greenhouses area with poor sanitation
Groundwater is also used for human consumption
Tourism industry associated to hot spring water (Guarani Aquifer) Water for recreation and hydrotherapy came from Guarani aquifer (1000m depth) But ¡"cold” ¡water ¡for ¡other ¡uses ¡ came from the shallow aquifer
Aquifers in Salto Salto formation Quaternary pleistocene Sedimentary aquifer outcrop Arapey formation Cretaceous Basalt spill Fractured aquifer Several studies found wells with bacterial contamination. The proximity of wells to septic tanks or populated areas without sanitation increase the likelihood that viral pathogens might also be occurring.
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