Renewable and Sustainable Citrus Oils Jon Leonard Renewable Citrus - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Life Cycle Assessment Renewable and Sustainable Citrus Oils

Jon Leonard Renewable Citrus Products Association Florida Chemical Company

Introduction

 Why do we need a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for

Citrus Oils?

 Green movement – Establish Citrus Oils as Green  Scientific basis for Renewable and Sustainable  Combat the new wave of ever growing regulations

 RCPA has a DRAFT copy of our LCA on Citrus Oils

 Finalized version by end of 2010  We will discuss the LCA in a few minutes

 1st let me address current market conditions and

impact of growing regulations

Current Market Conditions

 Citrus Oil prices are …..  Global crop size has been trending downward  Ever-increasing regulations are eroding the

market for Citrus Oils

 The erosion has been masked by a decreasing

crop size and other impact factors - economy, weather, etc.

Market Impact

Crop Size Regulations Market Erosion Zone Regulation Surge

Regulation Surge

 1962 - Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring  Everywhere we look we have regulations

guiding what we can and can’t do

 40,697 new laws in 2010 - USA

 4 minutes/law = Entire work year to review  Plus global regulations

 Regulations will continue… and the trend is

clear as demonstrated by this graph

Regulation Surge

AMFA ARPAA AJA ASBCAA ESAA-AECA FFRAA FEAPRA IRA NWPAA CODRA/NMSPAA FCRPA MMPAA

120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

EPACT FFCA CERFA CRAA PPA PPVA IEREA ANTPA GLCPA ABA CZARA WRDA EDP OPA RECA CAAA GCRA GLFWRA HMTUSA NEEA SDWAA SARA BLRA ERDDAA EAWA NOPPA PTSA UMTRCA ESAA QGA NCPA TSCA FLPMA RCRA NFMA CZMAA NEPA EQIA CAA EPA EEA OSHA FAWRAA NPAA FRRRPA SOWA DPA WSRA EA RCFHSA AQ A NAWCA WQA NWPA MPRSAA ARPA HMTA FCMHSA NHPA WLDA FWCAA FWA AEA AEPA FIFRA PAA FAWRA MBCA NPS WA IA NBRA AA RHA YA TA FWCA BPA NLRA WPA AQA FOIA WRPA AFCA FHSA NFMUA BLBA FWPCA MPRSA CZMA NCA FEPCA PWSA MMPA ESA TAPA RCRAA WLDI APA SWDA CERCLA CZMIA COWLDA FWLCA MPRSAA CAAA CWA SMCRA SWRCA SDWAA

Number of Laws

By permission of John Warner

Regulations Surge

By permission of the Consumer Specialty Products Association

By permission of www.cartoonstock.com

Green Movement

 The Green Movement is relentlessly moving

forward

 California Green Chemistry Initiative  NSF Greener Chemicals and Processes Standard  ACS Green Chemistry Institute Roundtables

 Our industry needs to be proactive as Green is

being defined

 The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry is a good

starting point

The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry

1.

Prevention

2.

Atom Economy

3.

Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

4.

Designing Safer Chemicals

5.

Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

6.

Design for Energy Efficiency

7.

Use of Renewable Feedstocks

8.

Reduce Derivatives

9.

Catalysis

• 10. Design for Degradation
• 11. Real-time analysis for

Pollution Prevention

• 12. Inherently Safer

Chemistry for Accident Prevention

Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice by Paul Anastas and John Warner, 1998

The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry

7.

Use of Renewable Feedstocks - A raw material or Feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practical

• Citrus Oils are a Renewable Feedstock

 Citrus Oils are Green

Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice by Paul Anastas and John Warner, 1998

The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry

• 10. Design for Degradation - Chemical products

should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products

• Citrus oils were designed by nature

 Citrus Oils are Green

Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice by Paul Anastas and John Warner, 1998

Renewable

 A natural resource is a renewable resource if it

is replaced by natural processes at a rate ≥ consumption

 Incorporates Sustainable Agriculture

 Economically viable, socially responsible

and ecologically sound

 Use and depletion of finite resources is not

renewable

 Citrus Oils are Renewable

Renewable Citrus Oils Come from Our Environment Without Mining or Drilling

Nature Makes Citrus Oils with Three Ingredients

 The first ingredient is…

The Other Two Ingredients

 Water  Carbon Dioxide

 Nature uses

photosynthesis…makes isoprene or C5H8

 Nature combines two

isoprene molecules to make d-Limonene… a natural citrus hydrocarbon

 d-Limonene is C10H16

CH3 H3C CH2

Albedo

(white, spongy)

Flavedo

(orange skin, rind)

Oil Glands

Citrus Essential Oil Location

“It is probably true that all green plants in nature produce limonene through their biochemical metabolism.”

• Dr. Robert J. Braddock -1999

Sustainable

U.S. EPA

 Business Sustainability- increase long-term shareholder

and social value, while decreasing industry’s use of materials and reducing impacts on the environment

 EPA aims to make sustainability the next level of

environmental protection…advances in science and technology…policies to protect public health and welfare, and promoting green business practices

 EPA promotes the use of LCAs...better understanding of

the environmental impacts of products, processes and activities on human health and the environment

 LCA will demonstrate that Citrus Oils are Sustainable

RCPA Action Plan

 The industry formed the Renewable Citrus Products

Association or RCPA in 2008

 Establish a presence in the regulatory community  Develop the renewable and sustainable profile for Citrus

Oils – a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

 Promote citrus oils as biobased, renewable and

sustainable with the media, public, NGOs and governmental agencies

 Secure proper treatment of Citrus Oils with respect to

governmental regulations

 Conduct environmental, health and safety research on

Citrus Oils based on sound science

The RCPA Today

 Our third year, we have 23 members  Representing the

 Juice Processors  Citrus Oil Processors  Flavor & Fragrance Industry  Specialty Chemical Companies  Citrus Oil Marketers

RCPA Officers

 President

 Jon Leonard, Florida Chemical Company

 Vice President

 Nick Emanuel, Citrosuco NA

 Treasurer

 Chris Baker, Kerry Ingredients and Flavors

 Secretary

 Dr. David McKeithan, Firmenich

 Executive Committee Member

 Dr. Tim Anglea, Coca-Cola North America

 Executive Committee Technical Advisor

 Dr. Robert Braddock, Professor Emeritus – University of Florida

RCPA Activities

 The RCPA presented to the U.S. EPA Office of

Air Quality Planning and Standards in May of 2009

 The RCPA monitors regulation activities by

U.S. EPA, California, OTC, Canada, etc.

 The RCPA commissioned a Life Cycle

Assessment of Citrus Oils in 2010

Life Cycle Assessment

 The RCPA has commissioned Environmental

Resources Management (ERM) to conduct a streamlined LCA of Citrus Oils

 ERM is a leading global provider of

environmental, health and safety, risk, and social consulting services, helping clients understand and manage their impacts on the world around them

 The LCA will be consistent with PAS 2050

which is derived from the ISO 14040 standard

Life Cycle Assessment

 ERM will use the Building for Environmental

and Economic Sustainability (BEES) impact assessment methodology to interpret the results

 BEES is used by the USDA for assessing

biobased products for the Federal BioPreferred Program

 BEES was also used recently for the United

Soybean Council’s life cycle profile for soy products released in February

Life Cycle Assessment

 The LCA uses the holistic model of cradle-to-cradle to

capture the unique advantages of bio-based citrus oils

 Life Cycle Stages

 Orange growing, cultivation and harvest  Raw materials production and transport  Production and transport of packaging materials  Juice and citrus oil extraction and processing  Transport of oils to folders  Citrus oil folding and processing (cradle-to-gate)  Commercial and consumer use (gate-to-cradle)

 The LCA will benefit the entire industry

Life Cycle Assessment

 Data categories included in the study

 Raw materials and packaging inputs  Chemical inputs  Energy inputs (electricity and fuels)  Other physical inputs, such as water  Emissions to air, water and soil  Products and by-products  Material outputs, including solid waste and

wastewater

 Transportation

Life Cycle Assessment

 The LCA calculates the carbon footprints for these

important products of commerce

 Orange Juice  Cold-Pressed Orange Oil  5 Fold Orange Oil  Orange Terpenes  Citrus Terpenes  Citrus-based Animal Feed  Citrus-based Molasses

 The individual footprints of Citrus Oils are

specifically compared to the footprints of fossil- based counterparts

Life Cycle Assessment

 Carbon footprints appear in a LCA as the first

impact category called the Global Warming Potential (GWP)

 GWP is typically expressed as:

kg CO2 equivalents per kg of product

 The RCPA LCA uses 1000 kg of Citrus Oil as

the functional unit

Life Cycle Assessment

 Global Warming  Acidification  HH Cancer  HH Non-cancer  HH criteria air

pollutants

 Eutrophication  Ecotoxicity  Smog  Natural resource

depletion

 Habitat alteration  Water intake  Ozone depletion

The complete environmental impact requires the examination of twelve impact categories (BEES):

Life Cycle Assessment

 Results indicate the carbon footprint or GWP

for citrus oils to be considerably less than ALL fossil-based chemicals

 The LCA scientifically demonstrates the

Renewability and Sustainability of Citrus Oils

 “Can you think of product with a

lower GWP?”

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Global Warming Potential (GWP) Results

Ecoinvent database and US LCI database from NREL

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

CO2 eq

Life Cycle Assessment

 The results in the chart show the difference in

global warming impact per 1000 kg of Citrus Terpenes and the alternative material

 The difference between producing and using

1,000 kg of d-Limonene vs. Acetone (VOC exempt) amounts to GWP savings equivalent to 14,850 miles driven in an average car

 1.5 times the average mileage of a car in a year*  Equals ~ 3 round trips from Tampa to Los Angeles

*http://cta.ornl.gov/data/tedb29/Spreadsheets/Table8_02.xls Ecoinvent database and US LCI database from NREL

Life Cycle Assessment

CATEGORY UNITS FOSSIL / CITRUS* Global warming g CO2 eq Acidification H+ moles eq HH cancer g C6H6 eq HH noncancer g C7H7 eq HH criteria air pollutants microDALYs Eutrophication g N eq Ecotoxicity g 2,4-D eq Smog g NOx eq Natural resource depletion MJ surplus Habitat alteration T&E count Water intake liters Ozone depletion g CFC-11 eq 0.8 < 0.1 12 10 (2450) 27 18 26 6 33 (3) 13

Fossil-based average vs. Citrus Oils Ratio

Draft*

Life Cycle Assessment

Summary

 Overall the results indicate that Citrus Oils are

more environmentally benign and sustainable when compared to fossil-based products

 Among other biobased products Citrus Oils

also compare favorably

 These conclusions are based on an overall

assessment of 12 environmental impact categories

Life Cycle Assessment

 The LCA will be an important resource for companies

performing LCAs on their products made using citrus

 The LCA will be used to promote Citrus Oils as

biobased, renewable, and sustainable

 Develop a sustainability profile fact sheet designed

for Governmental and Public Relations

 We have an opportunity to stop the replacement of

citrus oils with fossil-based chemicals

 Carbon Footprints will continue to be relevant  Some fossil-based chemicals carry very large

carbon footprints

By permission of www.politicalcartoons.com

RCPA 2011

Proposed Focus Areas

 Aquatic Toxicity  Dermal Sensitivity  Make LCA known to Regulatory Agencies

 EPA Proposed National VOC Regulation  EPA Design for the Environment (DfE)  USDA BioPreffered Program  California Air Resources Board (CARB)  Ozone Transport Commission (OTC)  International Regulatory Agencies

Dedication

RCPA Member, Colleague and Friend

Thank You

Jon Leonard Renewable Citrus Products Association Florida Chemical Company Winter Haven, Florida leonard@floridachemical.com