Recent results and and perspectives perspectives on on Recent - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aspen Winter 2009 – Workshop on Physics at the LHC era Recent results and and perspectives perspectives on on Recent results cosmic ray matter and cosmic ray matter and antimatter from antimatter from Pamela experiment experiment Pamela M. Casolino INFN & University of Roma Tor Vergata on behalf of the PAMELA collaboration M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

PAMELA Collaboration Russia: Russia: Italy: : Italy Bari CNR , Florence Florence Frascati Naples Rome Trieste Moscow St. Petersburg Germany: : Sweden: : Germany Sweden Siegen KTH, Stockholm M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Past, present and future experiment Past, present and future experiment PAMELA MASS-89, 91, TS-93, CAPRICE 94-97-98 NINA-2 SIRAD NINA-1 PAMELA 89 TS 93 M 91 C 94 C 97 C 98 89 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ... LAZIO-SIRAD NINA-2 NINA-1 ALTEA SILEYE-3 SILEYE-1 SILEYE-2 SILEYE- SILEYE-3/ LAZIO-SIRAD M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata 4/ALTEA SILEYE-1 SILEYE-2 ALTEINO:

Sileye-3/Alteino on ISS (Russian) M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Altea on ISS (US section) M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela in the Hillas plot Neutron Stars Cosmic ray 1 0 12 acceleration 10 20 eV protons e V White Dwarfs p p, p - He r o t o n s . B/C 10 9 eV protons Search for Dark Matter p - M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela in the Hillas plot Neutron Stars 1 0 12 Propagation on the 10 20 eV protons e local part of the V White Dwarfs p r galaxy o t o n s . e+/e- 10 9 eV protons Search for Dark Matter (e+) M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela in the Hillas plot Neutron Stars Heliospheric 1 0 12 phenomena, charge 10 20 eV protons e V dependent solar White Dwarfs p r modulation o t o e+/e- p-/p+ n s . 10 9 eV protons Anomalous cosmic rays P, He, C M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela in the Hillas plot Neutron Stars 1 0 12 10 20 eV protons e V Solar particle White Dwarfs p r events o t o Acceleration, n s . shock, stochastic, 10 9 eV protons CME P, He, CNO e- M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela in the Hillas plot Neutron Stars Magnetosphere: 1 0 12 Earth 10 20 eV protons e V Van Allen belt White Dwarfs p r p, e- o t o Jupiter n s . e- interpl. 10 9 eV protons M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

High precision charged cosmic ray measurement in Low Earth Orbit Large abundance variations M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

High precision charged cosmic ray measurement in Low Earth Orbit Large abundance variations M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

High precision charged cosmic ray measurement in Low Earth Orbit Large abundance variations M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

High precision charged cosmic ray measurement in Low Earth Orbit Large abundance variations Adapted from Si mpson 1983 in PDG by M. Casolino M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela Detector - Tracker (B= .43T) •  2.8 µm bending view •  13.1 µm non-bending view MDR from test beam  1 TV TOF (6 planes, 3 pairs, 48 PMT) :  (paddle)  110 ps  (ToF)  330 ps (MIPs) Calorim eter SI-W: 44 planes 96 strip 16 X 0 0.6  int 22 W 0.26cm • p/ e + selection  90% • p rejection factor  10 5 • e - rejection factor  10 4 GF ~ 20.5 cm ~ 20.5 cm 2 sr sr GF Mass: 470 kg Mass: 470 kg ND: 36 tubes 3 He Dim: 120x40x45 cm : 120x40x45 cm 3 Dim Discrimin p/ e > 10 E> 10 GeV/ c Power: 360 W Power: 360 W M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Time of Flight / Scintillator •6 x-y layers arranged on 3 planes; • 48 channels. •Albedo rejection dE/dx S1 •Part ident. Up to 1 GeV with 150ps resolution •Nuclear identification up to Oxygen 3 double-layer scintillator paddles • Timing resolution: 810 mm •  (paddle)  110 ps •  (ToF)  330 ps (MIPs) DIMENSIONS 330 x 51 mm 2 357 mm 2 S11 8 7 mm S2 S12 6 408 x 55 mm 2 7 mm 385 mm 2 180 x 75 mm 2 375 mm 2 S21 2 5 mm 150 x 90 mm 2 450 mm 2 S22 2 5 mm S3 S31 3 150 x 60 mm 2 7 mm 420 mm 2 180 x 50 mm 2 350 mm 2 S32 3 7 mm M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata Adapted from W. Menn

The permanent magnet  5 magnetic modules  Permanent magnet (Nd-Fe-B alloy) assembled in an aluminum mechanics  Magnetic cavity sizes (132 x 162) mm 2 x 445 mm  Field inside the cavity 0.48 T at the center  Average field along the central axis of the magnetic cavity : 0.43 T Geometric Factor: 20.5 cm 2 sr  Black IR absorbing painting  Magnetic shields M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata Adapted from E.Vannuccini ............................................................ ICRC2005 – Pune (India)

The tracking system 6 detector planes composed by 3 “ladders”  Mechanical assembly  no material above/ below the plane (1 plane = 0.3% X 0 )  carbon fibers stiffeners glued laterally  to the ladders  ladder : - 2 microstrip silicon sensors - 1 “ hybrid” with front-end electronics  silicon sensors (Hamamatsu):  300 mm, Double Sided - x & y view  Double Metal - No Kapton Fanout  AC Coupled - No external chips  FE electronics: VA1 chip  Low noise charge preamplifier -  Operating point set for optimal compromise:  total FE dissipation: 37 W on 36864 channels  Dynamic range up to 10 MIP  DAQ: 12 DSPs  data compression (>95%)  on-line calibration (PED,SIG,BAD) M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata E.Vannuccini ....................................................................................... ICRC2005 – Pune (India)

Spatial resolution s x = (2.77 ± 0.04)  m s y = (13.1 ± 0.2)  m 40-100 GeV pions (CERN-SPS 2000) beam-test of a small tracking-system prototype M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Imaging Calorimeter Imaging Calorimeter • Main tasks: • lepton/hadron discrimination e +/- energy measurement • • Characteristics: • 22 W plates (2.6 mm / 0.74 X 0 ) 44 Si layers (X- Y), 380 µm thick • Total depth: 16.3 X 0 / 0.6   • • 4224 channels • Self-triggering mode option (> 300 GeV; GF~600 cm 2 sr) • Mass: 110 kg • Power Consumption: 48 W • Design performance: p,e + selection efficiency ~ 90% • p rejection factor ~ 10 5 • e rejection factor > 10 4 • • Energy resolution ~ 5% @ 200 GeV Adapted from V. Bonvicini M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Neutron Detector Lebedev Physical Institute Academy of Science, Russia •36 3 He containers (2 planes) •9.5 cm polyethilene moderator enveloped in thin cadmium layer. •60x55x15 cm 3 , 30 kg, 10 W 3He tube • (10% eff for E<1MeV n) •Triggered counts •Background counting Plane 1 Plane 2 M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

e+ 0.171 GV Bending view e- 0.169 GV Bending view M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

PAMELA event Flight data: 14.4 GV non-interacting proton From E. Mocchiutti M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

PAMELA event Flight data: 36 GV interacting proton M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Flight data 84 GeV/c interacting antiproton M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Flight data: 2.8 GV electron M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Flight data: 92 GeV/c positron M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

14.7 GV Interacting nucleus (Z = 8) M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Coupling to Soyuz Pamela during integration in Baikonur Resurs DK integrated M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Baikonur Cosmodrome Two main Russian cosmodromes (Plesesk for polar launches) Russian enclave in Kazakistan Manned and unmanned launches to International Space Station 85 km NS 125 km EW M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Leninsk / Baikonur M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Integration in Baikonur cosmodrome, Spring 2006 M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela launch: Transport from Progress building to Launch Pad, 13-6-2006 M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Gagarinsky Start M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Launch on June 15 th 2006 Soyuz-U rocket M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata

Pamela as a Space observatory at 1AU Solar Energetic particles Galactic cosmic ray High Inclination Orbit Matter / Antimatter 70.0 o / Dark Matter Jovian electrons Solar Modulation Interplanetary Physics, Magnetospheric physics Solar Wind Termination Shock SAA, Albedo, secondary particle M. Casolino, INFN & University Roma Tor Vergata