Recap: Pipes main() { char *s, buf[1024]; int fds[2]; s = Hello - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Recap: Pipes main() { char *s, buf[1024]; int fds[2]; s = Hello World \n"; /* create a pipe */ (*) Img. source: http://beej.us/guide/bgipc/output/html/multipage/pipes.html pipe (fds); /* create a new process using fork */ if ( fork
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main() { char *s, buf[1024]; int fds[2]; s = “Hello World\n"; /* create a pipe */ pipe(fds); /* create a new process using fork */ if (fork() == 0) { /* child process. All file descriptors, including pipe are inherited, and copied.*/ write(fds[1], s, strlen(s)); exit(0); } /* parent process */ read(fds[0], buf, strlen(s)); write(1, buf, strlen(s)); }
(*) Img. source: http://beej.us/guide/bgipc/output/html/multipage/pipes.html
– two-way communication pipe – Backbone of your internet services
– communication between processes on the same Unix system – special file in the file system
– client sending requests for information, processing – server waiting for user requests
– connection-based, TCP – connection-less, UDP
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3 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int listenfd = 0, connfd = 0; struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; char sendBuff[1025]; time_t ticks; listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); memset(&serv_addr, '0', sizeof(serv_addr)); memset(sendBuff, '0', sizeof(sendBuff)); serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); serv_addr.sin_port = htons(5000); bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); listen(listenfd, 10); while(1) { connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)NULL, NULL); snprintf(sendBuff, “Hello. I’m your server.”); write(connfd, sendBuff, strlen(sendBuff)); close(connfd); } }
4 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd = 0, n = 0; char recvBuff[1024]; struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); memset(&serv_addr, '0', sizeof(serv_addr)); serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; serv_addr.sin_port = htons(5000); inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &serv_addr.sin_addr); connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); while ( (n = read(sockfd, recvBuff, sizeof(recvBuff)-1)) > 0) { recvBuff[n] = 0; printf("%s\n" recvBuff); } return 0; }
$ ./client 127.0.0.1
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Disclaimer: some slides are adopted from the book authors’ slides with permission
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Process Thread Thread
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http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1302
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Figure source: https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/pthreads/
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Figure source: https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/pthreads/
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– int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr); – defines the attributes of the thread created
– int pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict thread, const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, void *(*start_routine)(void*), void *restrict arg); – upon success, a new thread id is returned in thread
– int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **value_ptr); – calling process blocks until thread exits
– void pthread_exit(void *value_ptr); – make return value available to the joining thread
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#include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> int sum; /* data shared by all threads */ void *runner (void *param) { int i, upper = atoi(param); sum = 0; for(i=1 ; i<=upper ; i++) sum += i; pthread_exit(0); } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { pthread_t tid; /* thread identifier */ pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); /* create the thread */ pthread_create(&tid, &attr, runner, argv[1]); /* wait for the thread to exit */ pthread_join(tid, NULL); fprintf(stdout, “sum = %d\n”, sum); }
$./a.out 10 sum = 55
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#include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> int arrayA[10], arrayB[10]; void *routine1(void *param) { int var1, var2 … } void *routine2(void *param) { int var1, var2, var3 … } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { /* create the thread */ pthread_create(&tid[0], &attr, routine1, NULL); pthread_create(&tid[1], &attr, routine2, NULL); pthread_join(tid[0]); pthread_join(tid[1]); }
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