Race, Poverty rty a and R Risk o of I Involvement in Kalamazoo - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Race, Poverty rty a and R Risk o of I Involvement in Kalamazoo os J Juven enile Justice S e System em Tim Ready Director Walker Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnic Relations Western Michigan University Presented at

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SLIDE 1

Race, Poverty rty a and R Risk o

  • f I

Involvement in Kalamazoo’

  • ’s J

Juven enile Justice S e System em

Tim Ready Director Walker Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnic Relations Western Michigan University Presented at Forum on Juvenile Justice: Disrupting the Pipeline to Prison Part of the Walker Institute’s Community Forum Series: Unequal Justice: Race, Class and the Criminal Justice System April 14, 2015 Kalamazoo Juvenile Home

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SLIDE 2

Look

  • okin

ing a at the C Crimin inal l Justice System through gh t the e Len ens o s of Public H Hea ealth

Primary Prevention

  • Identifying the Root Causes of Crime
  • A Focus on Inequality of Opportunity, Poverty, Racism, Family and

Community Environmental Factors

Secondary Prevention

  • Identifying what happens to someone upon their arrest and at subsequent

stages of involvement in the criminal justice system

  • A Focus on the Effectiveness and Fairness of the Criminal Justice System
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SLIDE 3

Kalamazoo...

…We Have a Problem

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Source: The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Travis J. and B. Western, eds. Washington: National Academies Press, 2014

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Source: The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Travis J. and B. Western,

  • eds. Washington: National Academies Press, 2014
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SLIDE 6

Source: The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and

  • Consequences. Travis J. and B. Western, eds. Washington: National Academies Press, 2014
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Arrest Rate per 1,000 Juveniles, 2012 Kalamazoo and Statewide

25 73 14 17 39 13 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 All Black White Kalamazoo Statewilde Source: Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice Michigancommitteeonjuvenilejustice.com

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A Look at Risk of Involvement in the Criminal Justice System through the Lens of Primary Prevention

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Child Poverty rty R Rate in City o

  • f Kalamazoo,

by Race and Ethnicity ty, 2010-2012 2012

57% 28% 63% 37% 44% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% hispanic white black

  • ther

total

*Source: American Community Survey, 2010-12

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Kalamazoo’s child poverty rate is higher than all but 10% of U.S. cities of at least 65,000 people.

Walker Institute tabulation based on American Community Survey data for cities of at least 65,000 people, 2010-12

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SLIDE 11

Confirmed Cases es* of A Abuse e and/or

  • r Neg

egle lect ct, Ages 0 to

  • 8, for M

Mich chig igan U Urban C Cou

  • untie

ies, 2 , 201 013

42 35 29 28 23 21 19 16 14 11 9 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Source: Child Protective Services, Michigan Dept. of Human Services, as reported by Michigan League for Public Policy * Rate per 1,000

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SLIDE 12

Child Poverty rty a as Related t to the Am Ameri rican Ideal of E Equal O Opport rtunity ty for r Al All

Source: Greg Duncan, Stanford University Pathways, winter, 2011

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47% 42% 39% 47% 35% 78% 81% 79% 88% 81% 52% 50% 49% 54% 48% 78% 77% 76% 80% 76% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Third Graders in Kalamazoo and Statewide who are Proficient in Reading by Economic Status*, 2009-10 to 2013-14

Kalamazoo Disadvantaged Kalamazoo Not Disadvantaged State Disadvantaged State Not Disadvantaged

  • In 2013-14, 74% of KPS third graders * were economically disadvantaged, compared to 51% statewide.
  • Walker Institute tabulation based on data from : Michigan Department of Education https://mischooldata.org
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Continuum f from

  • m N

Ninth th Gr Grade C e Cohor

  • rt o

t of 2007 t to Post- Sec econdary D Deg egree C Com

  • mple

letio ion, a , as of Dece ecember, 2 2013

325 382 68 274 258 47 240 219 45 219 185 31 121 44 12 108 23 10

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

White Black Other Ninth Grade Cohort HS Grads Promise Eligible Promise Users Any PS Credential Bachelor's Degree

Walker Institute tabulation based on data from the Kalamazoo Promise and Michigan Department of Education https://mischooldata.org

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Per ercen ent o t of 9 9th

th Grade C

Cohort for Kalamazoo P Public S c Sch chool’s Graduating C Class of 2 2007 t that A Attained a Post-Se Second ndary D y Deg egree e within S Six Y x Years, by Race ce, E Ethnicity

11% 37% 18% 23% 6% 33% 15% 18% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Black White Other Total Blue = Any Credential Orange = Bachelor’s Degree

Walker Institute tabulation based on data from the Kalamazoo Promise and Michigan Department of Education https://mischooldata.org

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A Look at Risk of Involvement in the Criminal Justice System through the Lens of Secondary Prevention

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Black to White Ratio of Involvement at Different Stages of Juvenile Justice System, 2012

Black to White Ratio

  • Arrests

5.1

  • Refer to Juvenile Court

1.1

  • Cases Diverted

.88

  • Cases Involving Secure Detention

1.35

  • Cases Petitioned

1.21

  • Cases resulting in Delinquent Findings

0.96

  • Cases resulting in Probation

.79

  • Cases Resulting in Confinement

1.05

Source: Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice

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SLIDE 18

Violent Crime R Rate pe per 100, 100,000 00 in n City y of Kal alamaz azoo : 1985 1985 - 2012 2012

1,689 2,451 1,647 1,054 808 964 878 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics, as provided by Kalamazoo Department Of Public Safety

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Propert rty Crime Rate per r 100,000 in City of Kal alamaz azoo: 1985 1985 - 2012 2012

9,564 7,962 7,240 6,700 6,138 4,762 4,171 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics, as provided by Kalamazoo Department Of Public Safety

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Criminal Caseload of Kalamazoo Courts, 2003 to 2013

10,225.00 11,277.00 11,158.00 10,476.00 9,399.00 9,221.00 9,743.00 9,909.00 8,937.00 9,719.00 9,400.00 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Annual Report, Kalamazoo County Courts, 2013

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Unequal Justice: Race, Class and the Criminal Justice System

March 30 7pm James Forman, Jr., From Fear and Vengeance to Mercy and Forgiveness, Fetzer Center April 14 7pm Juvenile Justice: Disrupting the Pipeline to Prison Kalamazoo Juvenile Home April 28 7pm Challenges Facing Ex-Offenders, Bethany Reformed Church May 12 7pm Reimagining Kalamazoo with Justice for All Mt. Zion Baptist Church

Also of Interest

April 30 7pm Richard Reeves, The Opportunity Ecosystem

  • Mr. Reeves will explore the following questions
  • Are we providing an equal chance for success for all our children?
  • What makes some communities more successful than others at promoting social mobility?
  • What more can Kalamazoo do to make equal opportunity for all a reality?

This is the Inaugural Event of Shared Prosperity Kalamazoo, a new initiative launched by the Kalamazoo City Commission to promote:

  • Increased access to well-paying jobs
  • Strong, economically

secure families

  • Healthy growth, development and learning of all our kids