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  1. ❲❛❧❦✿ ❆ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ✈ ✶ ✱ ✈ ✷ ✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✱ ✈ ❦ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ✈ ✐ ✈ ✐ ❊ ✶ ❚r✐❛❧✿ ❆ tr✐❛❧ ✐s ❛ ✇❛❧❦ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♥♦ ❡❞❣❡ ♦❝❝✉rs t✇✐❝❡ ❈❧♦s❡❞ ♣❛t❤✿ ❆ ✇❛❧❦ ✇❤❡r❡ st❛rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❚❡r♠✐♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❱❡rt❡①✿ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮ ❂ { ✈ | ( ✉ , ✈ ) ∈ ❊ } ❉❡❣r❡❡✭✉✮ ❂ ⑤❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮⑤ ❙✉❜❣r❛♣❤✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❡❞❣❡s ✐s ❛ s✉❜❣r❛♣❤ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  2. ❚r✐❛❧✿ ❆ tr✐❛❧ ✐s ❛ ✇❛❧❦ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♥♦ ❡❞❣❡ ♦❝❝✉rs t✇✐❝❡ ❈❧♦s❡❞ ♣❛t❤✿ ❆ ✇❛❧❦ ✇❤❡r❡ st❛rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❚❡r♠✐♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❱❡rt❡①✿ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮ ❂ { ✈ | ( ✉ , ✈ ) ∈ ❊ } ❉❡❣r❡❡✭✉✮ ❂ ⑤❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮⑤ ❙✉❜❣r❛♣❤✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❡❞❣❡s ✐s ❛ s✉❜❣r❛♣❤ ❲❛❧❦✿ ❆ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ✈ ✶ ✱ ✈ ✷ ✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✱ ✈ ❦ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ( ✈ ✐ , ✈ ✐ + ✶ ) ∈ ❊ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  3. ❈❧♦s❡❞ ♣❛t❤✿ ❆ ✇❛❧❦ ✇❤❡r❡ st❛rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❚❡r♠✐♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❱❡rt❡①✿ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮ ❂ { ✈ | ( ✉ , ✈ ) ∈ ❊ } ❉❡❣r❡❡✭✉✮ ❂ ⑤❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮⑤ ❙✉❜❣r❛♣❤✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❡❞❣❡s ✐s ❛ s✉❜❣r❛♣❤ ❲❛❧❦✿ ❆ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ✈ ✶ ✱ ✈ ✷ ✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✱ ✈ ❦ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ( ✈ ✐ , ✈ ✐ + ✶ ) ∈ ❊ ❚r✐❛❧✿ ❆ tr✐❛❧ ✐s ❛ ✇❛❧❦ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♥♦ ❡❞❣❡ ♦❝❝✉rs t✇✐❝❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  4. ❇❛s✐❝s ❚❡r♠✐♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❱❡rt❡①✿ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮ ❂ { ✈ | ( ✉ , ✈ ) ∈ ❊ } ❉❡❣r❡❡✭✉✮ ❂ ⑤❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝②✭✉✮⑤ ❙✉❜❣r❛♣❤✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ❛♥❞ ❡❞❣❡s ✐s ❛ s✉❜❣r❛♣❤ ❲❛❧❦✿ ❆ s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ✈ ✶ ✱ ✈ ✷ ✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✱ ✈ ❦ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ( ✈ ✐ , ✈ ✐ + ✶ ) ∈ ❊ ❚r✐❛❧✿ ❆ tr✐❛❧ ✐s ❛ ✇❛❧❦ ✐♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♥♦ ❡❞❣❡ ♦❝❝✉rs t✇✐❝❡ ❈❧♦s❡❞ ♣❛t❤✿ ❆ ✇❛❧❦ ✇❤❡r❡ st❛rt✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡♥❞✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① ❛r❡ t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  5. ❘❡tr✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♥♦❞❡ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❣✐✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ st♦r❡ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❊ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛②✳ ❊❞❣❡s ♠✉st ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ❇❛s✐❝s ❙t♦r✐♥❣ ●r❛♣❤s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  6. ❘❡tr✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♥♦❞❡ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❣✐✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛②✳ ❊❞❣❡s ♠✉st ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ❇❛s✐❝s ❙t♦r✐♥❣ ●r❛♣❤s ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ st♦r❡ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❊ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  7. ❘❡tr✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♥♦❞❡ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❣✐✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ❇❛s✐❝s ❙t♦r✐♥❣ ●r❛♣❤s ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ st♦r❡ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❊ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛②✳ ❊❞❣❡s ♠✉st ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  8. ❘❡tr✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♥♦❞❡ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❣✐✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❇❛s✐❝s ❙t♦r✐♥❣ ●r❛♣❤s ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ st♦r❡ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❊ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛②✳ ❊❞❣❡s ♠✉st ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  9. ❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❣✐✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❇❛s✐❝s ❙t♦r✐♥❣ ●r❛♣❤s ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ st♦r❡ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❊ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛②✳ ❊❞❣❡s ♠✉st ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ❘❡tr✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♥♦❞❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  10. ❇❛s✐❝s ❙t♦r✐♥❣ ●r❛♣❤s ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ st♦r❡ ❜♦t❤ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s❡t ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❊ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ❛rr❛②✳ ❊❞❣❡s ♠✉st ❜❡ st♦r❡❞ ✐♥ s♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ✇❛②✳ ❲❡ ✇❛♥t t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt t❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥s ❘❡tr✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❛❧❧ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t t♦ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r ♥♦❞❡ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❣✐✈❡♥ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  11. ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  12. ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  13. ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  14. ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  15. ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  16. ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  17. ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▼❛tr✐① ❆♥ ❡❛s② ✇❛② t♦ st♦r❡ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t✐✈✐t② ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ t✇♦ ♥♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✿ ❖✭✶✮ t✐♠❡ ▼❛❦❡ ❛♥ ♥ ① ♥ ♠❛tr✐① ❆ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✶ ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❛♥ ❡❞❣❡ ❢r♦♠ ✐ t♦ ❥ ❛❬✐❪❬❥❪ ❂ ✵ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❯s❡s ❖✭ ♥ ✷ ✮ ♠❡♠♦r②✳ ❙♦✱ ✉s❡ ✇❤❡♥ ♥ ✐s ❧❡ss t❤❛♥ ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✱ ❆◆❉ ✇❤❡♥ t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❞❡♥s❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  18. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  19. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  20. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  21. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  22. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  23. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  24. ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  25. ❇❛s✐❝s ❆❞❥❛❝❡♥❝② ▲✐st ❊❛❝❤ ✈❡rt❡① ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥s ❛ ❧✐st ♦❢ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ❛❞❥❛❝❡♥t t♦ ✐t✳ ▲✐sts ❤❛✈❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❧❡♥❣t❤s ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡✿ ✈❡❝t♦r❁ ✈❡❝t♦r❁✐♥t❃ ❃ ❙♣❛❝❡ ✉s❛❣❡✿ ❖✭♥ ✰ ♠✮ ❈❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✐❢ ❡❞❣❡ ✭❱✐✱❱❥✮ ✐s ♣r❡s❡♥t ✐♥ ●✿ ❖✭♠✐♥✭❞❡❣✭❱✐✮✱❞❡❣✭❱❥✮✮✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  26. ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  27. ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  28. ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  29. ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  30. ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  31. ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  32. ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  33. ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ■♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❣r❛♣❤s ❚✇♦ sq✉❛r❡s ♦♥ ❛♥ ✽①✽ ❝❤❡ss❜♦❛r❞✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ t❤❡ s❤♦rt❡st s❡q✉❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❦♥✐❣❤t ♠♦✈❡s ❢r♦♠ ♦♥❡ sq✉❛r❡ t♦ t❤❡ ♦t❤❡r✳ ❚r❡❡ ✿ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t t②♣❡ ♦❢ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❈❙ ❆❧t❡r♥❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✭❛❧❧ ❛r❡ ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t✦✮ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ✇✐t❤ ♥✲✶ ❡❞❣❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ❡①❛❝t❧② ♦♥❡ ♣❛t❤ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡✈❡r② ♣❛✐r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s ❆♥ ❛❝②❝❧✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ r❡s✉❧ts ✐♥ ❛ ❝②❝❧❡ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ❜✉t r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ ❛♥② ❡❞❣❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ✐t ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  34. ❉✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❆❝②❝❧✐❝ ●r❛♣❤ ✭❉❆●✮ ❇✐♣❛rt✐t❡ ●r❛♣❤ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ❣r♦✉♣s ❙ ❛♥❞ ❚ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❡❞❣❡s ❡①✐st ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❙ ❛♥❞ ❚ ♦♥❧② ✭♥♦ ❡❞❣❡s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❙ ♦r ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❚✮ ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  35. ❇✐♣❛rt✐t❡ ●r❛♣❤ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ❣r♦✉♣s ❙ ❛♥❞ ❚ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❡❞❣❡s ❡①✐st ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❙ ❛♥❞ ❚ ♦♥❧② ✭♥♦ ❡❞❣❡s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❙ ♦r ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❚✮ ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ❉✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❆❝②❝❧✐❝ ●r❛♣❤ ✭❉❆●✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  36. ❇❛s✐❝s ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ●r❛♣❤s ❉✐r❡❝t❡❞ ❆❝②❝❧✐❝ ●r❛♣❤ ✭❉❆●✮ ❇✐♣❛rt✐t❡ ●r❛♣❤ ◆♦❞❡s ❝❛♥ ❜❡ s❡♣❛r❛t❡❞ ✐♥t♦ t✇♦ ❣r♦✉♣s ❙ ❛♥❞ ❚ s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❡❞❣❡s ❡①✐st ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❙ ❛♥❞ ❚ ♦♥❧② ✭♥♦ ❡❞❣❡s ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❙ ♦r ✇✐t❤✐♥ ❚✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  37. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  38. ❉❡♣t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❉❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❇r❡❛❞t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❇❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s q✉❡✉❡ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❜❛s✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ t❤❛t ✈✐s✐ts ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❯s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦✈❡r t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ●r❛♣❤ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  39. ❉❡♣t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❉❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❇r❡❛❞t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❇❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s q✉❡✉❡ ❯s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦✈❡r t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ●r❛♣❤ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❜❛s✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ t❤❛t ✈✐s✐ts ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  40. ❉❡♣t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❉❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❇r❡❛❞t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❇❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s q✉❡✉❡ ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦✈❡r t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ●r❛♣❤ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❜❛s✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ t❤❛t ✈✐s✐ts ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❯s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  41. ❉❡♣t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❉❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❇r❡❛❞t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❇❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s q✉❡✉❡ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ●r❛♣❤ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❜❛s✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ t❤❛t ✈✐s✐ts ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❯s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦✈❡r t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  42. ❇r❡❛❞t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❇❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s q✉❡✉❡ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ●r❛♣❤ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❜❛s✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ t❤❛t ✈✐s✐ts ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❯s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦✈❡r t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❉❡♣t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❉❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  43. ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ●r❛♣❤ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ❜❛s✐❝ ❣r❛♣❤ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ t❤❛t ✈✐s✐ts ♥♦❞❡s ♦❢ ❛ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥ ♦r❞❡r ❯s❡❞ ❛s ❛ s✉❜r♦✉t✐♥❡ ✐♥ ♠❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❲❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦✈❡r t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❉❡♣t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❉❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❇r❡❛❞t❤✲❋✐rst ❙❡❛r❝❤ ✭❇❋❙✮✿ ✉s❡s q✉❡✉❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  44. ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  45. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  46. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  47. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  48. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  49. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  50. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  51. ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  52. ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  53. ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙ ❉❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❞❡♣t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❉❋❙✭✉✮ ❯s❡ ♥♦♥✲r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ✈❡rs✐♦♥ ✐❢ r❡❝✉rs✐♦♥ ❞❡♣t❤ ✐s t♦♦ ❜✐❣ ✭♦✈❡r ❛ ❢❡✇ t❤♦✉s❛♥❞s✮ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❝❛❧❧s ✇✐t❤ ❛ st❛❝❦ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❚✐♠❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✰⑤❊⑤✮ ❙♣❛❝❡✿ ❖✭⑤❱⑤✮ ❬t♦ ♠❛✐♥t❛✐♥ t❤❡ ✈❡rt✐❝❡s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ t✐❧❧ ♥♦✇❪ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  54. ❇✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❆ ♥♦❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛♥ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥t ✐❢ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♥♦❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤✳ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✐❢ ✐t ❤❛s ♥♦ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥ts✳ ❚❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥② s✐♥❣❧❡ ♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❛✈❡s t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✳ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  55. ❆ ♥♦❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛♥ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥t ✐❢ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♥♦❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤✳ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✐❢ ✐t ❤❛s ♥♦ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥ts✳ ❚❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥② s✐♥❣❧❡ ♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❛✈❡s t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✳ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ❇✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  56. ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✐❢ ✐t ❤❛s ♥♦ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥ts✳ ❚❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥② s✐♥❣❧❡ ♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❛✈❡s t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✳ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ❇✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❆ ♥♦❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛♥ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥t ✐❢ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♥♦❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤✳ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  57. ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❉❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ❇✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ❆ ♥♦❞❡ ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❛♥ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥t ✐❢ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❛t ♥♦❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤✳ ❆ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ✐s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜✐❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞ ✐❢ ✐t ❤❛s ♥♦ ❛rt✐❝✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦✐♥ts✳ ❚❤❛t ✐s✱ t❤❡ ❞❡❧❡t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛♥② s✐♥❣❧❡ ♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❛✈❡s t❤❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ❝♦♥♥❡❝t❡❞✳ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  58. ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❡ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❲❤✐❧❡ ◗ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ◗ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❧ ✐t ✇ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✇ ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ♠❛r❦ ✐t ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❙❛♠❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❙♣❛❝❡ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❛s ❉❋❙ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙ ❇❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❜r❡❛❞t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  59. ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❲❤✐❧❡ ◗ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ◗ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❧ ✐t ✇ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✇ ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ♠❛r❦ ✐t ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❙❛♠❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❙♣❛❝❡ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❛s ❉❋❙ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙ ❇❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❜r❡❛❞t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❡ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  60. ❲❤✐❧❡ ◗ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ◗ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❧ ✐t ✇ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✇ ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ♠❛r❦ ✐t ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❙❛♠❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❙♣❛❝❡ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❛s ❉❋❙ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙ ❇❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❜r❡❛❞t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❡ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  61. ❙❛♠❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❙♣❛❝❡ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❛s ❉❋❙ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙ ❇❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❜r❡❛❞t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❡ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❲❤✐❧❡ ◗ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ◗ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❧ ✐t ✇ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✇ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ♠❛r❦ ✐t ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  62. ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙ ❇❋❙✭✈✮✿ ✈✐s✐ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s r❡❛❝❤❛❜❧❡ ❢r♦♠ ✈ ✐♥ ❜r❡❛❞t❤✲✜rst ♦r❞❡r ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❡ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ▼❛r❦ ✈ ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❲❤✐❧❡ ◗ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ❢r♦♥t ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ◗ ❛♥❞ ❝❛❧❧ ✐t ✇ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✇ → ✉ ✿ ■❢ ✉ ✐s ♥♦t ✈✐s✐t❡❞✱ ♠❛r❦ ✐t ❛s ✈✐s✐t❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♣✉s❤ ✐t t♦ ◗ ❙❛♠❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❛♥❞ ❙♣❛❝❡ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❛s ❉❋❙ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  63. ❋✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ P❛t❤ ✇✐t❤ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❢r♦♠ st❛rt✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① t♦ ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ✈❡rt❡①✳ ❙♦❧✈❡ ❙❤♦rt❡st P❛t❤ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥ ✉♥✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤s ❙♣♦❥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠ ❤tt♣✿✴✴✇✇✇✳s♣♦❥✳♣❧✴♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✴PP❆❚❍✴ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  64. ❙♦❧✈❡ ❙❤♦rt❡st P❛t❤ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥ ✉♥✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤s ❙♣♦❥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠ ❤tt♣✿✴✴✇✇✇✳s♣♦❥✳♣❧✴♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✴PP❆❚❍✴ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ❋✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ P❛t❤ ✇✐t❤ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❢r♦♠ st❛rt✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① t♦ ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ✈❡rt❡①✳ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  65. ❙♣♦❥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠ ❤tt♣✿✴✴✇✇✇✳s♣♦❥✳♣❧✴♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✴PP❆❚❍✴ ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ❋✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ P❛t❤ ✇✐t❤ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❢r♦♠ st❛rt✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① t♦ ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ✈❡rt❡①✳ ❙♦❧✈❡ ❙❤♦rt❡st P❛t❤ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥ ✉♥✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤s ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  66. ❚r❛✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❋❙✿ ❯s❡s ❋✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❛ P❛t❤ ✇✐t❤ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ◆✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❡❞❣❡s ❢r♦♠ st❛rt✐♥❣ ✈❡rt❡① t♦ ❛♥② ♦t❤❡r ✈❡rt❡①✳ ❙♦❧✈❡ ❙❤♦rt❡st P❛t❤ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥ ✉♥✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤s ❙♣♦❥ Pr♦❜❧❡♠ ❤tt♣✿✴✴✇✇✇✳s♣♦❥✳♣❧✴♣r♦❜❧❡♠s✴PP❆❚❍✴ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  67. Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  68. Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  69. Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ → ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  70. Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ → ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  71. P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ → ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  72. ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ → ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  73. ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ♥ ♠ ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ → ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  74. ❚♦♣♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❙♦rt ■♥♣✉t✿ ❛ ❉❆● ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s s✉❝❤ t❤❛t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✉ → ✈ ✱ ✉ ❝♦♠❡s ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✈✳ ❚❤❡r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♠❛♥② ❛♥s✇❡rs Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡ Pr❡❝♦♠♣✉t❡ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ✐♥❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s ❞❡❣✭✈✮ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ✈ P✉t ❛❧❧ ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ③❡r♦ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ q✉❡✉❡ ◗ ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ ◗ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❡♠♣t②✿ ❚❛❦❡ ✈ ❢r♦♠ ◗ ❋♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ❉❡❝r❡♠❡♥t ❞❡❣✭✉✮ ✭❡ss❡♥t✐❛❧❧② r❡♠♦✈✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ✈ → ✉ ✮ ■❢ ❞❡❣ ✉ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ③❡r♦✱ ♣✉s❤ ✉ t♦ ◗ ❚✐♠❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✿ ❖ ( ♥ + ♠ ) ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  75. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  76. ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ Pr✐♠✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❆♥ ✉♥❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ❊ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ t♦t❛❧ ✇❡✐❣❤t t❤❛t ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ tr❡❡ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✿ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❙♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚r❡❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  77. ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ Pr✐♠✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ❊ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ t♦t❛❧ ✇❡✐❣❤t t❤❛t ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ tr❡❡ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✿ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❙♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚r❡❡ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❆♥ ✉♥❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  78. ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ Pr✐♠✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✿ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❙♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚r❡❡ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❆♥ ✉♥❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ❊ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ t♦t❛❧ ✇❡✐❣❤t t❤❛t ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ tr❡❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  79. ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ Pr✐♠✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❙♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚r❡❡ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❆♥ ✉♥❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ❊ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ t♦t❛❧ ✇❡✐❣❤t t❤❛t ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ tr❡❡ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✿ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  80. Pr✐♠✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❙♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚r❡❡ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❆♥ ✉♥❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ❊ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ t♦t❛❧ ✇❡✐❣❤t t❤❛t ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ tr❡❡ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✿ ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  81. ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❙♣❛♥♥✐♥❣ ❚r❡❡ ■♥♣✉t✿ ❆♥ ✉♥❞✐r❡❝t❡❞ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❣r❛♣❤ ● ❂ ❱✱ ❊ ❖✉t♣✉t✿ ❆ s✉❜s❡t ♦❢ ❊ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ t♦t❛❧ ✇❡✐❣❤t t❤❛t ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥♦❞❡s ✐♥t♦ ❛ tr❡❡ ❚❤❡r❡ ❛r❡ t✇♦ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✿ ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ Pr✐♠✬s ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  82. ▼❛✐♥ ✐❞❡❛✿ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♠❛❧❧❡st ✇❡✐❣❤t ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❑❡❡♣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✧❧♦❝❛❧ ▼❙❚✬s✧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ❥♦✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s t♦ ❢♦r♠ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✇❤♦❧❡ ❣r❛♣❤ Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡✿ ❙♦rt t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♦♥❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❢t✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❡❞❣❡ ❡✯ ■❢ ❡✯ ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t✇♦ ❞✐❢❢❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✿ ❈♦♥♥❡❝t t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❡r❣❡ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s ❖t❤❡r✇✐s❡✱ ✐❣♥♦r❡ ❡✯ ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  83. ❑❡❡♣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✧❧♦❝❛❧ ▼❙❚✬s✧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ❥♦✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s t♦ ❢♦r♠ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✇❤♦❧❡ ❣r❛♣❤ Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡✿ ❙♦rt t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♦♥❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❢t✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❡❞❣❡ ❡✯ ■❢ ❡✯ ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t✇♦ ❞✐❢❢❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✿ ❈♦♥♥❡❝t t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❡r❣❡ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s ❖t❤❡r✇✐s❡✱ ✐❣♥♦r❡ ❡✯ ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛✐♥ ✐❞❡❛✿ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♠❛❧❧❡st ✇❡✐❣❤t ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  84. Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡✿ ❙♦rt t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♦♥❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❢t✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❡❞❣❡ ❡✯ ■❢ ❡✯ ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t✇♦ ❞✐❢❢❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✿ ❈♦♥♥❡❝t t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❡r❣❡ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s ❖t❤❡r✇✐s❡✱ ✐❣♥♦r❡ ❡✯ ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛✐♥ ✐❞❡❛✿ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♠❛❧❧❡st ✇❡✐❣❤t ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❑❡❡♣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✧❧♦❝❛❧ ▼❙❚✬s✧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ❥♦✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s t♦ ❢♦r♠ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✇❤♦❧❡ ❣r❛♣❤ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  85. ❑r✉s❦❛❧✬s ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ▼❛✐♥ ✐❞❡❛✿ t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡ ❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ s♠❛❧❧❡st ✇❡✐❣❤t ❤❛s t♦ ❜❡ ✐♥ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❑❡❡♣ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛r❡ ✧❧♦❝❛❧ ▼❙❚✬s✧ ❛♥❞ t❤❡♥ ❥♦✐♥ t❤❡♠ ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡s t♦ ❢♦r♠ t❤❡ ▼❙❚ ❢♦r t❤❡ ✇❤♦❧❡ ❣r❛♣❤ Ps❡✉❞♦❝♦❞❡✿ ❙♦rt t❤❡ ❡❞❣❡s ✐♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s✐♥❣ ♦r❞❡r ♦❢ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❘❡♣❡❛t ✉♥t✐❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ♦♥❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡ ❧❡❢t✿ ❚❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✉♠ ✇❡✐❣❤t ❡❞❣❡ ❡✯ ■❢ ❡✯ ❝♦♥♥❡❝ts t✇♦ ❞✐❢❢❡r❡♥t s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s✿ ❈♦♥♥❡❝t t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❡r❣❡ t❤❡ s✉♣❡r♥♦❞❡s ❖t❤❡r✇✐s❡✱ ✐❣♥♦r❡ ❡✯ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  86. Pr✐♠✬s ❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ Pr✐♠✬s ❆❧❣♦ ❘❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❍♦♠❡✇♦r❦ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

  87. ❖✉t❧✐♥❡ ▲❡❛❣✉❡ ♦❢ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠❡rs ●r❛♣❤s

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