R. Peña-Casas, D. Ghailani & S. Coster European social observatory – OSE Joint Conference – EPSU – FES – Ver.di « How TU can use collective bargaining to uphold and improve working conditions in the context of digital transformation of public services » Berlin 26-27 June 2018
Contents 1. Aim of research 2. Conceptual framework and methodology 3. Findings case studies 3.1 Information gathered 3.2 Digitalisation pathways in two sectors 3.3 First assessment influence digitalisation 3.4 public employment services (PES) 3.5 homecare sector (HC) 3.6 awareness on social dialogue, practices and policies 5. Conclusions 4. Recommendations www.ose.be
1. Aim of the research The aim of the research is to assess to what extent digitalisation changed the way people work in the sectors in which EPSU organises, with a dedicated focus on job quality and job content, on how that content is being/has been transformed by digitalisation. Focus on two sectors/occupations: homecare workers and workers in public employment services (PES) Geographical coverage : UK, France, Spain, Italy Exploratory project and method Future research prospects www.ose.be
2. Conceptual framework CONTEXT CHARACTERISTICS WORKERS CHARACTERISTICS: LABOUR CHARACTERISTICS: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS: GENDER AGE ECONOMIC SECTORS POLICIES EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS REGULATIONS ORIGINE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIMENSIONS OF OUTCOMES FOR TASKS AND RELATED PROCESSES RELATED JOB QUALITY SKILLS WORKERS TO TASKS WORKING PHYSICAL L TASKS PHYSICAL AL HEAL ALTH CONDITIONS CONTENTS STRENGHT WORK ORGANISATION DEXTERITY MENTAL HEAL ALTH PACE WORKING TIME INTELLLECTUAL TAS ASKS ROUTINE CONCILIAT ATION WORK & & INFORMATION PROCESSING HEALTH & SAFETY SOCIAL LIFE TEAMWORK PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS & TRAINING INFORMATION GATHERING AUTONOMY CAR AREER PROSPECTS CREATIVITY/RESOLUTION EARNINGS LE LEARNING JOB AN JO AND EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL TAS ASKS SECURITY QUALITY OF SERVING/ATTENDING CONTROL CONTRACTS TEACHING/TRAINING PROTECTION SOCIAL PROTECTION WORKERS RIGHTS SELLING/INFLUENCING MANAGING/COORDINATING DIGITALISATION www.ose.be
2. Methodology DESKTOP RESEARCH TOP-DOWN JOB QUALITY TRADE UNIONS TASKS DIMENSIONS POSITIONS CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS IMPACT OF DIGITALISATION APPLIED EXPLORATORY RESEARCH FRANCE HOMECARE ITALY PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SPAIN SERVICES BOTTOM-UP UNITED KINGDOM OUTCOMES FOR CHALLENGES FOR PRACTICES WORKERS TRADE UNIONS FOCUS GROUPS QUESTIONNAIRES WORKERS AND TRADE UNIONS WORKERS AND TRADE UNIONS www.ose.be
3. Findings case studies www.ose.be
3.1 Overview of collected information Focus groups Questionnaires Focus groups Participants Countries Sectors N=94 Place N=39 45 PES & 49 HC 18 PES & 21 HC PES Dijon 02/05/18 7 32 FRANCE HC Paris 06/03/18 6 9 PES Madrid 29/05/18 11 10 SPAIN HC Madrid 28/05/18 5 5 PES - - 1 UNITED KINGDOM HC West Bromwitch 23/05/18 10 33 PES - - 2 ITALY HC - - 2 www.ose.be
3.2 Digitalisation in the sectors PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT HOMECARE WORK SERVICES • Older process • Recent introduction implementation (around • Limited to digital tool on mid- 90’s) smarphones of homecare workers • Include all tasks of the work – work agenda / follow-up of a job counsellor – Recording WT • Sedentary work – Communication with dispatching, (worplace+telework) colleagues and users • Core work of homecare workers not concerned • Nomad work www.ose.be
3.3 First assessment impact digitalisation on job quality aspects – Own evaluation question: Indicate the degree of relevance of these potential effects of digitalisation for your daily work? Note from 1 - not relevant at all- to 10 – totally relevant ( 63 valid answers ) Work dimensions Home care Public employment services - - + + Increasing the pace of work Work intensity - + + + Intensification of work - + + - Loss of control over task contents - + + - Taking over routine analytical tasks Contents of tasks - - + - Concerns also analytical and decision-making tasks - + + - Blurring of boundaries between occupations or merges them - + + - Tasks execution Loss of control over working processes/methods - + + + Monitoring of work and workers Control over work + - + + Performance oriented management - + + + Loss/standardisation of social relationships with users Social skills - + + + Loss/standardisation of social relationships with colleagues - - + + Learning Digital skills gap Earnings - - - - Impact on earnings Work life balance - + - + Blurring of frontiers between work and social/family life Outcomes for workers + + + + Physical health outcomes Health + - + + Mental health outcomes - + - + Prospects Career prospects and employment security www.ose.be - - - - Social protection rights Rights + - - + Right to disconnect
3.4 PES (1) : work dimensions Positive impacts Negative impacts • • Better organisation through Increased workload rationalisation of tasks • Increased pace of work • • Technical problems delay execution of tasks Better time management → frustration/stress • Better internal and external • Increased routinisation of tasks bc communication simplification – Between departments in the workplace • Loss of control over tasks contents and decentralised agencies → dematerialisation of work – New channels for users • Less contact with users and colleagues • Less travels and physical meetings • Digital skills gap of users • E-training allows • Tensions in team bc difference in ability with – to move at your own pace in the learning digital skills process, • Weak vocational training related to digital – offers more thematic choices, tools – is easier to access in a decentralized way, • e-training : – reduce the need for travel – substitute to group training – Loss of group dynamics, interaction – Time not well taken into account in WT – Concerns about use as performance benchmark www.ose.be
3.4 PES (2) : outcomes for workers Negative impacts Positive impacts • • Physical health: Decrease physical aggressivity / – Fatigue, harassment from users – Vision, • No impact on earnings – musculo-skeletal, – less mobility = cardiovascular • No impact on social protection problems, obesity rights • Mental health : • – No estimated impact on workers Mental overload, – Stress, rights – Demotivation, loss of meaning • Right to telework : work life – E-harassment (internal and external), balance • Mental exhaustion / burn out • Breakdowns • Right to disconnect : positive • Digital skills gap within teamwork improvement for FR, needed for • Right to telework : overtime, not for all, ES problems of ressources • Right to disconnect : not enough respected by employers and users www.ose.be
3.5 Homecare workers (1) : dimensions of work Negative impacts Positive impacts • Better work planning and • Planning of work : – Difficulty to go back and correct organisation errors when problems – Better centralisation of – Rapid changes without sufficient information prior warning • Recording of WT: – Better interaction with – No possibility to check WT previous colleagues and supervision periods – Improved management of – Underestimation of ‘social time’ in working time and time travels scheduled time of tasks – More disponibility for users at – Underestimation of standby WT – Underestimation in estimated home commuting time to home of users • Feeling standardisation of time • Less direct communication with colleagues • Weak vocational training www.ose.be
3.5 Homecare workers (2): outcomes for workers Positive impacts Negative impacts • No impact on earnings • Mental health : • No impact on social – Mental fatigue protection rights – Stress bc need to consult • No estimated impact on electronic planning and workers rights quickly answer • Right to telework : difficult sollicitations for a homecare worker • Physical health : – Increase in traffic accidents bc use of smartphone while driving www.ose.be
3.6 awareness of social dialogue, practices and policies • Very limited workers awareness of social dialogue, practices and policies in the field of digitalisation • Bc employers exclude bargaining on digitalisation issues claiming it is only a management question, part of employers ’ right to self -organisation • Weak mention of right to disconnect and telework as positive achievements of social dialogue and policies • Laws on data protection • Good practice of TU: use of digital tools and channels to inform and communicate with workers, or to train them www.ose.be
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