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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations Hiroyasu Tajima Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University December 1113, 2013 KMI International Symposium 2013 on Quest for the Origin of Particles and the


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December 11–13, 2013 KMI International Symposium 2013

  • n “Quest for the Origin of Particles and the Universe”

Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Hiroyasu Tajima Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Outline

✤ Introduction ✤ Cosmic gamma-ray experiments

❖ Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope ❖ Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs)

✤ WIMP searches with Fermi ✤ WIMP search with IACT ✤ Future prospects

2

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Dark Matter

✤ What we know

❖ Dark matter exists

  • Orbital velocities of stars in galaxies, velocity dispersions of galaxies

in clusters, temperature distribution of hot gas in clusters of galaxies and gravitational lensing

❖ Non-relativistic (“cold dark matter”) ❖ ~6 x ordinary matter

✤ What we don’t know

❖ What is dark matter?

  • MACHO: constrained by micro-lensing
  • WIMP
  • Weak scale new particles

happen to have suitable mass and cross-section

  • Axion

3

Coma

X-ray image

Galaxy cluster (optical)

Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss)

WIMP miracle

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Dark Matter

✤ What we know

❖ Dark matter exists

  • Orbital velocities of stars in galaxies, velocity dispersions of galaxies

in clusters, temperature distribution of hot gas in clusters of galaxies and gravitational lensing

❖ Non-relativistic (“cold dark matter”) ❖ ~6 x ordinary matter

✤ What we don’t know

❖ What is dark matter?

  • MACHO: constrained by micro-lensing
  • WIMP
  • Weak scale new particles

happen to have suitable mass and cross-section

  • Axion

3

Coma

X-ray image

Mass distribution by gravitational lensing

Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss)

WIMP miracle

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Dark Matter

✤ What we know

❖ Dark matter exists

  • Orbital velocities of stars in galaxies, velocity dispersions of galaxies

in clusters, temperature distribution of hot gas in clusters of galaxies and gravitational lensing

❖ Non-relativistic (“cold dark matter”) ❖ ~6 x ordinary matter

✤ What we don’t know

❖ What is dark matter?

  • MACHO: constrained by micro-lensing
  • WIMP
  • Weak scale new particles

happen to have suitable mass and cross-section

  • Axion

3

Coma

X-ray image

Hot gas distribution (imaged by X-ray)

Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss)

WIMP miracle

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Dark Matter

✤ What we know

❖ Dark matter exists

  • Orbital velocities of stars in galaxies, velocity dispersions of galaxies

in clusters, temperature distribution of hot gas in clusters of galaxies and gravitational lensing

❖ Non-relativistic (“cold dark matter”) ❖ ~6 x ordinary matter

✤ What we don’t know

❖ What is dark matter?

  • MACHO: constrained by micro-lensing
  • WIMP
  • Weak scale new particles

happen to have suitable mass and cross-section

  • Axion

3

Coma

X-ray image

Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss)

WIMP miracle

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Dark Matter

✤ What we know

❖ Dark matter exists

  • Orbital velocities of stars in galaxies, velocity dispersions of galaxies

in clusters, temperature distribution of hot gas in clusters of galaxies and gravitational lensing

❖ Non-relativistic (“cold dark matter”) ❖ ~6 x ordinary matter

✤ What we don’t know

❖ What is dark matter?

  • MACHO: constrained by micro-lensing
  • WIMP
  • Weak scale new particles

happen to have suitable mass and cross-section

  • Axion

3

Coma

X-ray image

Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss)

WIMP miracle

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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WIMP Search Approaches

✤ Accelerator production

❖ Precise measurements of “DM” properties: mass, cross section ❖ UED (KK) vs SUSY

✤ Direct detection of WIMP scattering

❖ Measurement of local WIMP density

✤ Indirect detection of WIMP annihilation

❖ “Direct” constraints on annihilation cross section ❖ Distribution of WIMP in the Universe

✤ Those approaches are complimentary

❖ Different model dependences and sensitivity phase space

dΦγ dE γ (E γ , φ, θ) = 1 4π < σann v > 2m2

W I M P f

dN f

γ

dE γ B f ×

∆Ω ( φ,θ)

dΩ

los

ρ2(r (l, φ )) dl(r, φ )

particle physics DM distribution

4

WIMP WIMP SM particle SM particle Annihilation Production Scattering

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Thermal Relic Dark Matter (WIMP)

✤ WIMP is in equilibrium between pair creation and annihilation in

early Universe

❖ Pair creation stops when thermal energy is not sufficient ❖ Annihilation continues and WIMP density become too low

compared with annihilation cross section

  • WIMP density and annihilation cross section is anti-correlated

❖ Current dark matter density (ΩDM)

constrains annihilation cross section to ~3x10−26 cm2/s

5

Y T (GeV) ΩX t (ns)

10–4

mX = 100 GeV

10–6 10–8 10–10 10–12 10–14 10–16 100 101 102 103 108 106 104 102 100 10–2 10–4 101 100 JONATHAN L. FENG

WIMP density/Entropy density

Small cross section Large cross section

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✤ Multi-pronged approaches

❖ Galactic center, Milky Way halo, Satellites ❖ Line emission, Continuum ❖ CR electrons, Diffuse gamma-ray

background

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Search for WIMP with Gamma Rays

Galactic center: Good Statistics but source confusion/diffuse background Satellites: Low background and good source id, but low statistics, astrophysical background Good Statistics but source confusion/diffuse background Milky Way halo: Large statistics but diffuse background 6

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✤ Multi-pronged approaches

❖ Galactic center, Milky Way halo, Satellites ❖ Line emission, Continuum ❖ CR electrons, Diffuse gamma-ray

background

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Search for WIMP with Gamma Rays

Galactic center: Good Statistics but source confusion/diffuse background Satellites: Low background and good source id, but low statistics, astrophysical background Good Statistics but source confusion/diffuse background Milky Way halo: Large statistics but diffuse background 6

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✤ Pair-conversion telescope

❖ Good background rejection due to “clear” gamma-ray signature

✤ Tracker (TKR): pair conversion, tracking

❖ Angular resolution is dominated by scattering below ~GeV

✤ Calorimeter: energy measurement

❖ 8.4 radiation length ❖ Use shower development

to compensate for the leakage

✤ Anti-coincidence detector:

❖ Efficiency > 99.97%

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi LAT (Large Area Telescope)

Si Tracker 70 m2 , 228 µm pitch ~0.9 million channels (Japanese contribution) CsI Calorimeter 8.4 radiation length Anti-coincidence Detector Segmented scintillator tiles 99.97% efficiency

e+ e- γ

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Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Large Area Telescope (LAT)

Energy band: 20 MeV to >300 GeV Effective area: > 8000 cm2 (~6xEGRET) Field of view: > 2.4 sr (~5xEGRET) Angular resolution: 0.04 – 10° Energy resolution: 5 – 10%

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi/LAT Collaboration

Stanford University & SLAC NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Naval Research Laboratory University of California at Santa Cruz Sonoma State University University of Washington Purdue Univeristy-Calumet Ohio State University University of Denver Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 (CENBG-Bordeaux, LLR-Ecole polytechnique, LPTA-Montpellier) Hiroshima University Nagoya University Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Tokyo Institute of Technology RIKEN Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Stockholms Universitet

8

~400 Scientific Members (including 96 Affiliated Scientists, plus 68 Postdocs and 105 Students)

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Energy (eV)

8

10

9

10

10

10

11

10

12

10

)

  • 1

s

  • 2

dN/dE (erg cm

2

E

  • 12

10

  • 11

10

  • 10

10

Best-fit broken power law Fermi-LAT VERITAS (Acciari et al. 2009) MAGIC (Albert et al. 2008) AGILE (Tavani et al. 2010)

  • decay
  • Bremsstrahlung

Bremsstrahlung with Break

IC 443

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Highlights of Fermi Science

9

cosmic-ray origin

cosmic-ray electron spectra cosmic-ray e± spectra

  • 0.03

GBM NaIs 0.63 0.73 Energy (MeV) 10

2

10

3

10

4

10 (a) (b) 0.53

Test of Lorentz Invariance Violation

Energy 10 100

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope

10

T1 T T T Typical parameters

Energy range 50GeV ~ 10TeV Angular resolution ~0.1 degrees Energy resolution ~20% Detection area ~105m2 Field of view ~4° (~10-2 sr)

Cherenkov Light 50 photons/m2 (5 pe/m2) at 1TeV

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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IACTs on Earth

PACT GRAPES

HESS CANGAROO VERTAS

11

MAGIC

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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VHE Skymap

106 sources (45 Extragalactics + 61 Galactics) in Nov 2010 Blazars, FSRQs, FR-I, Starburst galaxies SNRs, PWNe, Pulsar, Binaries, un-IDs

12

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✤ Many dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) around our Galaxy

❖ dSphs are known to have large dark matter fraction (~100%) ❖ Negligible gamma-ray backgrounds from ordinary matter (few stars)

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

13

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Dwarf Galaxies

✤ 15 most promising dSph (dwarf spheroidal) based on distance,

Matter/Light (M/L)

❖ New DM-dominated dSph is being discovered recently

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UMi Leo IV Her Sex Seg 1 UMa I Dra Com Leo I CMa Wil 1 For Sgr Scl CVn II Seg 2 Car Boo II Leo II Psc II Boo III CVn I UMa II Leo V Boo I

arXiv:1310.0828v1

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Dwarf Galaxies

✤ 15 most promising dSph (dwarf spheroidal) based on distance,

Matter/Light (M/L)

❖ New DM-dominated dSph is being discovered recently

14

UMi Leo IV Her Sex Seg 1 UMa I Dra Com Leo I CMa Wil 1 For Sgr Scl CVn II Seg 2 Car Boo II Leo II Psc II Boo III CVn I UMa II Leo V Boo I

Energy (MeV) Energy Flux (MeV cm−2 s−1)

10−7 10−6 10−5

Bootes I Bootes II Bootes III Canes Venatici I Canes Venatici II

10−7 10−6 10−5

Canis Major Carina Coma Berenices Draco Fornax

10−7 10−6 10−5

Hercules Leo I Leo II Leo IV Leo V

10−7 10−6 10−5

Pisces II Sagittarius Sculptor Segue 1 Segue 2

103 104 105 10−7 10−6 10−5

Sextans

103 104 105

Ursa Major I

103 104 105

Ursa Major II

103 104 105

Ursa Minor

103 104 105

Willman 1

arXiv:1310.0828v1

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Dwarf Galaxies

✤ 15 most promising dSph (dwarf spheroidal) based on distance,

Matter/Light (M/L)

❖ New DM-dominated dSph is being discovered recently

14

UMi Leo IV Her Sex Seg 1 UMa I Dra Com Leo I CMa Wil 1 For Sgr Scl CVn II Seg 2 Car Boo II Leo II Psc II Boo III CVn I UMa II Leo V Boo I

Energy (MeV) Energy Flux (MeV cm−2 s−1)

10−7 10−6 10−5

Bootes I Bootes II Bootes III Canes Venatici I Canes Venatici II

10−7 10−6 10−5

Canis Major Carina Coma Berenices Draco Fornax

10−7 10−6 10−5

Hercules Leo I Leo II Leo IV Leo V

10−7 10−6 10−5

Pisces II Sagittarius Sculptor Segue 1 Segue 2

103 104 105 10−7 10−6 10−5

Sextans

103 104 105

Ursa Major I

103 104 105

Ursa Major II

103 104 105

Ursa Minor

103 104 105

Willman 1

10−22 10−23 10−24 10−25 10−26 hσvi (cm3 s−1)

e+e−

Observed Limit Median Expected 68% Containment 95% Containment

10−22 10−23 10−24 10−25 10−26 hσvi (cm3 s−1)

µ+µ−

101 102 103 Mass (GeV/c2) 10−22 10−23 10−24 10−25 10−26 hσvi (cm3 s−1)

τ +τ − u¯ u b¯ b

101 102 103 Mass (GeV/c2)

W +W −

arXiv:1310.0828v1

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Galactic Halo

✤ Galactic halo region except Galactic disk

❖ Avoid very large Galactic diffuse background in the disk region

15

APJ 761 (2012) 91

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Galactic Halo

✤ Galactic halo region except Galactic disk

❖ Avoid very large Galactic diffuse background in the disk region

15

APJ 761 (2012) 91

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Galactic Halo

✤ Galactic halo region except Galactic disk

❖ Avoid very large Galactic diffuse background in the disk region

15

0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 50.0 100.0 5¥10-5 1¥10-4 5¥10-4 0.001 0.005 E @GeVD E2F @MeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1D »b» < 15°, »b» > 5°, »l» < 80° cc ô bb mc = 250 GeV <sv> = 4 10-25cm3s-1 p0 IC DM APJ 761 (2012) 91

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Galactic Halo

✤ Galactic halo region except Galactic disk

❖ Avoid very large Galactic diffuse background in the disk region

15

0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 50.0 100.0 5¥10-5 1¥10-4 5¥10-4 0.001 0.005 E @GeVD E2F @MeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1D »b» < 15°, »b» > 5°, »l» < 80° cc ô bb mc = 250 GeV <sv> = 4 10-25cm3s-1 p0 IC DM

10 102 103 104 10-26 10-25 10-24 10-23 10-22 10-21 m @GeVD <sv> @cm3s-1D cc ô bb, NFW 3s, wêo background modeling, r0=0.2-0.7 GeV cm-3 wêo background modeling constrained free source fits 3s, r0=0.43 GeV cm-3 5s, r0=0.43 GeV cm-3 sWIMP freeze-out

APJ 761 (2012) 91

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Fermi WIMP Search in Galactic Halo

✤ Galactic halo region except Galactic disk

❖ Avoid very large Galactic diffuse background in the disk region

15

0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 50.0 100.0 5¥10-5 1¥10-4 5¥10-4 0.001 0.005 E @GeVD E2F @MeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1D »b» < 15°, »b» > 5°, »l» < 80° cc ô bb mc = 250 GeV <sv> = 4 10-25cm3s-1 p0 IC DM

10 102 103 104 10-26 10-25 10-24 10-23 10-22 10-21 m @GeVD <sv> @cm3s-1D cc ô bb, NFW 3s, wêo background modeling, r0=0.2-0.7 GeV cm-3 wêo background modeling constrained free source fits 3s, r0=0.43 GeV cm-3 5s, r0=0.43 GeV cm-3 sWIMP freeze-out 10 102 103 104 10-26 10-25 10-24 10-23 10-22 10-21 m @GeVD <sv> @cm3s-1D cc ô t+t-, NFW IC+FSR, wêo background modeling FSR, wêo background modeling IC+FSR, constrained free source fits 3s 5s sWIMP freeze-out

APJ 761 (2012) 91

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SLIDE 27

✤ Galactic center is expected to have enormous amount of WIMPs

❖ BG in TeV band is relatively low compared with GeV band due to

steep Galactic diffuse BG spectrum

❖ BG is dominated by cosmic-ray electrons

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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HESS WIMP Search in Galactic Center

16

Galactic Longitude (deg) Galactic Latitude (deg)

  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1

  • 2

2

1 2 3 Search Region Excluded Region Background Region

r [kpc]

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

3

[GeV/cm ] ρ

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

3

10

4

10 Einasto NFW Isothermal Source region Background region

Phys.Rev.Lett.106:161301,2011

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SLIDE 28

✤ Galactic center is expected to have enormous amount of WIMPs

❖ BG in TeV band is relatively low compared with GeV band due to

steep Galactic diffuse BG spectrum

❖ BG is dominated by cosmic-ray electrons

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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HESS WIMP Search in Galactic Center

16

Galactic Longitude (deg) Galactic Latitude (deg)

  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1

  • 2

2

1 2 3 Search Region Excluded Region Background Region

log (E[TeV])

  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5

Bg

,F

Src

*F

2.7

E

  • 4

10 × 5

  • 4

10 × 6

  • 4

10 × 7

  • 4

10 × 8

  • 4

10 × 9

  • 3

10

  • 3

10 × 2

Source region Background region

log (E[TeV])

  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5

res

F

  • /

res

F

  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4

Phys.Rev.Lett.106:161301,2011

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✤ Galactic center is expected to have enormous amount of WIMPs

❖ BG in TeV band is relatively low compared with GeV band due to

steep Galactic diffuse BG spectrum

❖ BG is dominated by cosmic-ray electrons

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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HESS WIMP Search in Galactic Center

16

Galactic Longitude (deg) Galactic Latitude (deg)

  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1

  • 2

2

1 2 3 Search Region Excluded Region Background Region

log (E[TeV])

  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5

Bg

,F

Src

*F

2.7

E

  • 4

10 × 5

  • 4

10 × 6

  • 4

10 × 7

  • 4

10 × 8

  • 4

10 × 9

  • 3

10

  • 3

10 × 2

Source region Background region

log (E[TeV])

  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5

res

F

  • /

res

F

  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4

Phys.Rev.Lett.106:161301,2011 [TeV]

  • m
  • 1

10 1 10 ]

  • 1

s

3

v > [cm

  • <
  • 29

10

  • 28

10

  • 27

10

  • 26

10

  • 25

10

  • 24

10

  • 23

10

  • 22

10

Einasto (this work) NFW (this work) Sgr Dwarf Willman 1 Ursa Minor Draco

Fermi Draco HESS Galactic Center DarkSUSY HESS Sagittarius VERITAS Ursa Minor, Willman 1 Thermal relic WIMP

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SLIDE 30

✤ Fermi/LAT limit on WIMP annihilation cross section now cuts

into expected value for thermal relic WIMP for the mass below 15~20 GeV/c2

✤ Cherenkov telescope is not currently very competitive

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Current Status of Indirect DM Search

17

1 0.1 10 102 103

mDM (TeV)

0.1 1 10 104

Cherenkov individual dSph

Annihilation cross section (10–26 cm3s–1)

Cherenkov Galactic Center Fermi 10 dSphs (4 years) Fermi Galactic Halo (2 years) Cross section expected from thermal relic WIMP

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Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Cherenkov Telescope Array

✤ Observations of gamma rays in 20 GeV – 100 TeV band

❖ Cherenkov light from electromagnetic shower produced by interaction of

gamma rays with atmosphere

✤ Large collection area by placing many telescopes ❖ x10 better sensitivity ✤ Wide energy band coverage by three different size of telescopes

❖ Large-size telescope (LST): Φ = 23 m, 20 GeV – 1 TeV, 4 telescopes ❖ Medium-size telescope (MST): Φ = 10 – 12 m, 0.1 – 10 TeV, ~20 telescopes ❖ Small-size telescope (SST): Φ = 4 – 7 m, 1 – 100 TeV, 30 – 70 telescopes 18

LST 23 m MST 10 – 12 m SST 4 – 7 m

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SLIDE 32

✤ ~ an order of magnitude improvements expected

❖ Fermi: increased statistics and more dwarf spheroids

  • New dwarf spheroids have been discovered due to improved

detection techniques

❖ Cherenkov telescope: better sensitivities with CTA

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Future Prospects for Indirect Searches

19

1 0.1 10 102 103

mDM (TeV)

0.1 1 10 104

CTA Galactic Center Cherenkov individual dSph

Annihilation cross section (10–26 cm3s–1)

Cherenkov Galactic Center Fermi 10 dSphs (4 years) Fermi 10 years Fermi Galactic Halo (2 years) Cross section expected from thermal relic WIMP

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SLIDE 33

calculation by “effective” theory arXiv: 1310.8621v1

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Complimentarily of Different Approaches

✤ Collider, direct and indirect WIMP searches are complimentary

❖ Collider: best for gluon and quark (mDM < 200 GeV) interactions ❖ Direct: best for lepton (mDM < 200 GeV) and gluon interactions ❖ Indirect: best for lepton and quark interactions (mDM > 200 GeV)

20

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SLIDE 34

calculation by “effective” theory arXiv: 1310.8621v1

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Complimentarily of Different Approaches

✤ Collider, direct and indirect WIMP searches are complimentary

❖ Collider: best for gluon and quark (mDM < 200 GeV) interactions ❖ Direct: best for lepton (mDM < 200 GeV) and gluon interactions ❖ Indirect: best for lepton and quark interactions (mDM > 200 GeV)

20

102 103 m(˜ χ0

1) (GeV)

10−17 10−15 10−13 10−11 10−9 10−7 10−5 R · σSI (pb)

XENON1T Survives DD, ID, and LHC Excluded by LHC but not DD or ID Excluded by DD and ID Excluded by ID but not DD Excluded by DD but not ID

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calculation by “effective” theory arXiv: 1310.8621v1

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Complimentarily of Different Approaches

✤ Collider, direct and indirect WIMP searches are complimentary

❖ Collider: best for gluon and quark (mDM < 200 GeV) interactions ❖ Direct: best for lepton (mDM < 200 GeV) and gluon interactions ❖ Indirect: best for lepton and quark interactions (mDM > 200 GeV)

20

102 103 m(˜ χ0

1) (GeV)

10−17 10−15 10−13 10−11 10−9 10−7 10−5 R · σSI (pb)

XENON1T Survives DD, ID, and LHC Excluded by LHC but not DD or ID Excluded by DD and ID Excluded by ID but not DD Excluded by DD but not ID

Excluded by collider searches

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calculation by “effective” theory arXiv: 1310.8621v1

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Complimentarily of Different Approaches

✤ Collider, direct and indirect WIMP searches are complimentary

❖ Collider: best for gluon and quark (mDM < 200 GeV) interactions ❖ Direct: best for lepton (mDM < 200 GeV) and gluon interactions ❖ Indirect: best for lepton and quark interactions (mDM > 200 GeV)

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102 103 m(˜ χ0

1) (GeV)

10−17 10−15 10−13 10−11 10−9 10−7 10−5 R · σSI (pb)

XENON1T Survives DD, ID, and LHC Excluded by LHC but not DD or ID Excluded by DD and ID Excluded by ID but not DD Excluded by DD but not ID

Excluded by collider searches Excluded by direct searches

slide-37
SLIDE 37

calculation by “effective” theory arXiv: 1310.8621v1

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Complimentarily of Different Approaches

✤ Collider, direct and indirect WIMP searches are complimentary

❖ Collider: best for gluon and quark (mDM < 200 GeV) interactions ❖ Direct: best for lepton (mDM < 200 GeV) and gluon interactions ❖ Indirect: best for lepton and quark interactions (mDM > 200 GeV)

20

102 103 m(˜ χ0

1) (GeV)

10−17 10−15 10−13 10−11 10−9 10−7 10−5 R · σSI (pb)

XENON1T Survives DD, ID, and LHC Excluded by LHC but not DD or ID Excluded by DD and ID Excluded by ID but not DD Excluded by DD but not ID

Excluded by collider searches Excluded by direct searches Excluded by indirect searches

slide-38
SLIDE 38

Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations KMI2013, DEC 11–13, 2013, Nagoya

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Summary and Future Prospects

✤ Weakly Interacting Massive Particle is a extremely promising

candidate for dark matter

✤ Indirect search is one of complimentary approaches in WIMP dark

matter studies

✤ Fermi/LAT limit on WIMP annihilation cross section is now cutting

into expected value from thermal relic WIMP for the mass below 15~20 GeV/c2

❖ Excluded mass range would extend to multi-100 GeV/c2 in the future

with longer observations with more targets

✤ CTA is a promising project to search for WIMP in TeV energy band

❖ Excluded mass range would overlap with Fermi at lower energies ❖ Excluded mass range would extend to multi-TeV/c2

  • Region beyond collider and direct searches

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