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Quantified Sentences as a Window into Prediction and Priming: An ERP Study Aniello De Santo Jon Rawski Amanda Yazdani John E. Drury Stony Brook University aniello.desanto@stonybrook.edu aniellodesanto.github.io CLS 54 April 26, 2018 The

  1. Quantified Sentences as a Window into Prediction and Priming: An ERP Study Aniello De Santo Jon Rawski Amanda Yazdani John E. Drury Stony Brook University aniello.desanto@stonybrook.edu aniellodesanto.github.io CLS 54 April 26, 2018

  2. The Elevator Pitch Previously on This Topic ◮ N400 insensitive to truth-value (Fischler et al. 1983); ◮ N400 modulated by truth-value when controlling for pragmatically unnatural uses of negation (Nieuwland & Kuperberg 2008). In This Talk We (Aim To) ... ... unequivocally disambiguate truth-value and priming by examining the processing of simple quantified sentences. We Also Discuss ... ◮ Early prediction effects tied to the truth-conditional properties of quantifiers; ◮ ERP markers of quantifier complexity.

  3. The Elevator Pitch Previously on This Topic ◮ N400 insensitive to truth-value (Fischler et al. 1983); ◮ N400 modulated by truth-value when controlling for pragmatically unnatural uses of negation (Nieuwland & Kuperberg 2008). In This Talk We (Aim To) ... ... unequivocally disambiguate truth-value and priming by examining the processing of simple quantified sentences. We Also Discuss ... ◮ Early prediction effects tied to the truth-conditional properties of quantifiers; ◮ ERP markers of quantifier complexity.

  4. The Elevator Pitch Previously on This Topic ◮ N400 insensitive to truth-value (Fischler et al. 1983); ◮ N400 modulated by truth-value when controlling for pragmatically unnatural uses of negation (Nieuwland & Kuperberg 2008). In This Talk We (Aim To) ... ... unequivocally disambiguate truth-value and priming by examining the processing of simple quantified sentences. We Also Discuss ... ◮ Early prediction effects tied to the truth-conditional properties of quantifiers; ◮ ERP markers of quantifier complexity.

  5. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Outline 1 N400 & Truth-value 2 Experimental Design 3 N400&Priming 4 Prediction Effects 5 Conclusions

  6. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Truth-value/Negation and the N400 Fischler et al. (1983) Is the N400 modulated by falseness, or by semantic mismatches? 2

  7. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Truth-value/Negation and the N400 Fischler et al. (1983) Is the N400 modulated by falseness, or by conceptual mismatches? 2

  8. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Truth-value/Negation and the N400 Fischler et al. (1983) Is the N400 modulated by falseness, or by conceptual mismatches? 2

  9. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Fischler et al. (1983) N400 N400 ⇒ N400 modulated by subject/predicate relatedness . → cf. Kounios & Holcomb (1992), L¨ udtke et al. (2008) a.o. 3

  10. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Fischler et al. (1983) N400 N400 ⇒ N400 modulated by subject/predicate relatedness . → cf. Kounios & Holcomb (1992), L¨ udtke et al. (2008) a.o. 3

  11. 3/30/2018 Click on image to zoom Drag image to reposition. Double click to magnify further. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=3225068_nihms329928f1.jp N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Nieuwland & Kuperberg (2008) Aim Disentangle effects of truth-value and pragmatic licensing. 4

  12. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Nieuwland & Kuperberg (2008) Aim Disentangle effects of truth-value and pragmatic licensing. 3/30/2018 Click on image to zoom Drag image to reposition. Double click to magnify further. N400 4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=3225068_nihms329928f1.jp

  13. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Nieuwland & Kuperberg (2008) 4

  14. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Nieuwland & Kuperberg (2008) ⇒ N400 modulated by truth-value in pragmatically natural contexts . 4

  15. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions In This Study Aim We want to disambiguate N400 effects of truth-value and priming. ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds ◮ Shape/color combinations yield 8 conditions; ◮ Contrast ratio 7 : 7 (ALL/NONE) or 5 : 2 (MOST/SOME); ◮ False conditions: unprimed color/shape-predicates (i.e. red) ◮ Adult native English speakers ( N = 10 ) asked for (mis)match judgments after each trial. 5

  16. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions In This Study Aim We want to disambiguate N400 effects of truth-value and priming. ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds ◮ Shape/color combinations yield 8 conditions; ◮ Contrast ratio 7 : 7 (ALL/NONE) or 5 : 2 (MOST/SOME); ◮ False conditions: unprimed color/shape-predicates (i.e. red) ◮ Adult native English speakers ( N = 10 ) asked for (mis)match judgments after each trial. 5

  17. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Hypothesis Table ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds N400 modulated by truth-value N400 modulated by visual prime ◮ All ... Red (F > T) ◮ All ... Red (UP > P) ◮ Some ... Red (F > T) ◮ Some... Red (UP > P) ◮ Most ... Red (F > T) ◮ Most ... Red (UP > P) ◮ None ... Blue(F > T) ◮ None... Red (UP > P) 6

  18. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Hypothesis Table ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds N400 modulated by truth-value N400 modulated by visual prime ◮ All ... Red (F > T) ◮ All ... Red (UP > P) ◮ Some ... Red (F > T) ◮ Some... Red (UP > P) ◮ Most ... Red (F > T) ◮ Most ... Red (UP > P) ◮ None ... Blue(F > T) ◮ None... Red (UP > P) 6

  19. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Hypothesis Table ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds N400 modulated by truth-value N400 modulated by visual prime ◮ All ... Red (F > T) ◮ All ... Red (UP > P) ◮ Some ... Red (F > T) ◮ Some... Red (UP > P) ◮ Most ... Red (F > T) ◮ Most ... Red (UP > P) ◮ None ... Blue(F > T) ◮ None... Red (UP > P) 6

  20. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Hypothesis Table ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds N400 modulated by truth-value N400 modulated by visual prime ◮ All ... Red (F > T) ◮ All ... Red (UP > P) ◮ Some ... Red (F > T) ◮ Some... Red (UP > P) ◮ Most ... Red (F > T) ◮ Most ... Red (UP > P) ◮ None ... Blue(F > T) ◮ None... Red (UP > P) 6

  21. N400 & Truth-value Experimental Design N400&Priming Prediction Effects Conclusions Hypothesis Table ALL MOST All of the squares are blues Most of the squares are blues All of the squares are reds Most of the squares are reds NONE SOME None of the squares are blues Some of the squares are yellows None of the squares are reds Some of the squares are reds N400 modulated by truth-value N400 modulated by visual prime ◮ All ... Red (F > T) ◮ All ... Red (UP > P) ◮ Some ... Red (F > T) ◮ Some... Red (UP > P) ◮ Most ... Red (F > T) ◮ Most ... Red (UP > P) ◮ None ... Blue(F > T) ◮ None... Red (UP > P) 6

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