A s cience-Based Target Approach for Buildings: the long wait is over Chanjief Chandrakumar New Zealand Life Cycle Management Centre, Massey University
Q1) What does LCA mean to buildings?
A basis for relative improvements Climate change impact of building Source: Russell-Smith et al., 2015
Q2) Are relative improvements sufficient for achieving environmental sustainability?
a) YES b) NO c) MAYBE
Q3) What is the SOLUTION?
Climate change impact of building Potential Solution: Benchmarks ? Source: Russell-Smith et al., 2015
Science-Based Targets • Not straightforward for the construction sector • Complexity of buildings, materials etc. • Lifetime • Benchmarks are available for both residential and commercial buildings (Hoxha et al. 2016; Zimmerman et al. 2005) Estimated a share of the 2 C global carbon budget (i.e. a target) for a future • building • The existing approaches are limited • Targets are for the whole building • Overlook the growth in the number and size of buildings
Our Approach for detached houses Source: Chandrakumar et al., submitted to Building and Environment
NZ s consumption- based climate impact Country downscaling by NZ DH sector s share of 2°C GCB 2°C GCB NZ s share of 2°C Sector downscaling by cumulative population (2018-2050) GCB (2018-2050) (2018-2050) grandfathering LCA-based climate Sector downscaling by impacts of a NZ pre- grandfathering existing detached house NZ DH sector s share of 2°C GCB NZ DH sector s share of 2°C GCB for new-built detached houses for pre-existing detached houses NZ DH sector- climate (2018-2050) (2018-2050) impacts projection (2018- LCA-based climate Life cycle downscaling Life cycle downscaling 2050) impacts of a NZ new-built by grandfathering by grandfathering detached house NZ new-built detached house NZ pre-existing detached house climate target for each life-cycle climate target for each life-cycle NZ DH sector-stock stage stage projection (2018-2050) Upscaling based on gross floor area Upscaling based on gross floor area Legend Other NZ pre-existing detached house data NZ new-built detached house NZ Stats consensus climate target for whole building climate target for whole building Process Sub- process Source: Chandrakumar et al., submitted to Building and Environment
Results-new built detached house Climate impact=277 tCO 2 eq Requires 79% reduction Climate target=59 tCO 2 eq Source: Chandrakumar et al., submitted to Building and Environment
Conclusions • Greater scale of change required than currently envisaged in building design and management • Further research: − Update the analysis using actual carbon footprints of townhouse and apartments − Sensitivity analysis for global carbon budget, sharing principles − Scenarios for different climate zones, electricity mixes, functional units • Potentially this approach can stimulate disruptive change in sectors by refocusing attention on the scale of change required to limit the future impacts of climate change
Acknowledgements • Prof Sarah J McLaren, Dr David (Dave) Dowdell and Roman Jaques • Building Research Association of New Zealand • Whole Building Whole of Life Framework • Funding • New Zealand Life Cycle Management Centre • Massey University
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