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Provider-Side VoD Content Provider-Side VoD Content Delivery Using OpenFlow Multicast Delivery Using OpenFlow Multicast - Master Thesis Defense - - Master Thesis Defense - Bernard Niyonteze Email: bernard@postech.ac.kr Supervisor: Prof.

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 1/22

Bernard Niyonteze

Email: bernard@postech.ac.kr

Supervisor: Prof. James Won-Ki Hong Co-Supervisor: Prof. Jae-Hyoung Yoo Department of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH, Korea June 30, 2014

Provider-Side VoD Content Delivery Using OpenFlow Multicast

  • Master Thesis Defense -

Provider-Side VoD Content Delivery Using OpenFlow Multicast

  • Master Thesis Defense -
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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 2/22

Outline

Introduction Problem Statement Related Work Proposed Method Validation Conclusion & Future Work

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 3/22

INTRODUCTION

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 4/22

Introduction

 What is IPTV

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), technology that delivers video or TV broadcasts over the IP network

 IPTV Services

Live Broadcast

  • Stream content to multiple clients
  • High priority (not delay-tolerable)

Video on Demand (VoD)

  • Send content upon customer request
  • Lower priority (relatively delay-tolerable)
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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 5/22 Research Scope

IPTV Network Architecture

Home network Access network Core network Content source Access network Source

Super Head-end (SHE) Video Service Office (VSO) Video Service Office (VSO)

STB STB STB STB STB STB STB STB

Regional Head-end (RHE) Regional Head-end (RHE) (Root Node) (Local Node) (Local Node)

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 6/22

Problem Statement

 IP multicast presents a waste of network resources in VoD content delivery Inefficient to manage multicast tree

  • Source transmits packets continuously even if edge links are

congested

  • The receiver drops packets but core links are still occupied by

multicast traffic

Root Node

Multicast-based VoD content delivery

Cannot receive packets

  • Link congestion or failure
  • Violate management policy

Local Nodes

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 7/22

Research Goals

 Propose multicast-based VoD delivery service using Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

Provider-side efficient content delivery Dynamically adjust multicast tree while monitoring link utilizations

  • Implement control loop at SDN controller
  • Resolve wasted network resources

 Validate proposed method

Emulating proposed method on Mininet with 20 nodes and 80 switches

  • Approximately ½ scale of a Korean IPTV service provider with 5

million subscribers

Comparing number of active links with IP-based multicast Detecting link status and pruning unnecessary links

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 8/22

Related Work (1/2)

 Content Delivery Networks

Content Anycast & P2P (APAN, 2010)

  • Content can be stored in multiple nodes (server as well as client)
  • Servers redirect requests to clients

C-flow (ICOIN, 2014)

  • Use OpenFlow to enhance content delivery using dynamic re-

routing, parallel transmission and cache management

 IP Multicast

IP Multicast Content Delivery System (APSITT, 2005)

  • Extension of IP multicast service model
  • Support multicast addressing and filtering
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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 9/22

Related Work (2/2)

 Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

Separate the control plane from the data plane

Control Plane Data Plane Management Plane

OpenFlow Protocol SDN Controller

Flow entry match field counter action

n … … …

Flow Table

1

priority Timeout…

Actions(Instructions)

  • 1. Forward packet to port(s)
  • 2. Encapsulate and forward to controller
  • 3. Drop packet
  • 4. Send to normal processing pipeline
  • 5. Modify Fields
  • 6. etc

Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Ether type VLAN ID VLAN Priority MPLS Label MPLS traffic class Src IP Dst IP Protocol No. ToS Src TCP/UDP port Dst TCP/UDP port Meta data L2 L1 L3 L4

Traditional networks SDN Networks

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 10/22

PROPOSED METHOD

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 11/22

Proposed Method

 Architecture and control loop

Network statistics

Planner Network Monitor

Content Delivery Manager

Executor Analyzer

SDN Controller

Insert/Delete flow entries

Monitor link Utilization Calculate available nodes to receive VoD Calculate multicast tree Update flow entries Is tree changed?

No Yes

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 12/22

Multicast Tree Calculation

Obtained by link utilization data from network monitor Find nodes filtered by given switch and port Actually send update messages to switches

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 13/22

Example – Low Throughput Caused by Cross Traffic

Root Node Local Node 3 OpenFlow Controller Planner Network Monitor Content Delivery Manager Executor Analyzer

Cross Traffic Occurs

OpenFlow Switch

  •  Cross traffic

Interfere with VoD traffic

  • Increase packet loss probability

To avoid packet loss

  • Serve higher prioritized traffic first
  • VoD distribution is controllable

traffic

Unable to receive content Local Node 4 Local Node 2 Local Node 1

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 14/22

Example – Low Throughput Caused by Cross Traffic

Root Node Local Node 3 OpenFlow Controller Planner Network Monitor Content Delivery Manager Executor Analyzer OpenFlow Switch

  • Become available

Local Node 4 Local Node 2 Local Node 1

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 15/22

VALIDATION

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 16/22

Experiment Environment

Content Delivery Manager RYU (SDN Controller)

OpenFlow

Mininet

VoD Traffic generator Root Node Cross traffic generator

Local Nodes

 Software

Controller : Ryu 3.9 OpenFlow Switch: OVS 2.1.2 Network Emulator : Mininet 2.1.0 Traffic generator

  • VoD traffic: implement in Python
  • Cross traffic: Iperf

OS: Ubuntu 12.10

 Topology

  • Approx. ½ scale of a Korean

IPTV service provider 8 regions 1 to 4 subnets in each region Number of switches: 80 Root node (sender): 1 Local nodes (receiver): 19

Region 5

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 17/22

Simulation Scenario

 Simulation parameters:

Threshold: 35 MB/s Generated VoD traffic : 20 MB/s Generated cross traffic : 22 MB/s Scaling down simulation parameters

  • Difficulties in generating high bitrate VoD and cross traffic

 Traffic generation

Sending VoD traffic from root node to all local nodes - multicast Sending cross traffic from a local node to another local node - unicast

 Monitoring and actions

Every 1-second, collect byte counts of edge links to find which nodes cannot have enough bandwidth to receive VoD traffic Generate VoD traffic and cross traffic Calculate multicast tree and compare it with previous tree Find added/deleted/modified flow entries (switch id, output ports) Send message to update flow/group entries

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 18/22

Simulation Results (1/2)

 Number of active links in multicast

Comparing with IP-based multicast

  • OpenFlow multicast shows less

number of active links

  • OpenFlow multicast prunes

unnecessary links in multicast tree - benefit

 Calculation time and execution time

Tree calculation time and comparison time

  • 2.18 ms and 1.66 ms

respectively

Execution time is 0.0418 ms

  • Controller just sending update

messages without ACK

2.17659 1.65635 0.04182

Calculation Time Diff Time Execution Time 0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 Time (ms)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 30 45 60 75 90 Number of Active Multicast Link Number of Unavailable Local Nodes

IP based Multicast OpenFlow based Multicast

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 19/22

Simulation Results (2/2)

 Control loop and detection time

Polling interval for 1 Second

4 8 12 16 20 24 10 20 30 40 50 Throughput (MB/s) Time (s)

VoD Traffic Cross Traffic delay

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 20/22

CONCLUSION

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 21/22

Conclusion and Future Work

 Contributions

Design OpenFlow-based content delivery system for service providers Dynamically adjust multicast tree

  • Design and implement simple control loop at controller
  • Save wasted link bandwidth

Validate proposed method using Mininet with real-world- like topology (20 nodes; 80 switches)

 Future Work

Explore other features of OpenFlow to guarantee QoS and QoE P2P-based content delivery system on OpenFlow

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 22/22

THANK YOU

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 23/22

References

[1] A. Azgin, G. AlRegib and Y. Altunbasak , “Cooperative On-Demand Delivery for IPTV Networks”, Global Communication Conference (GLOBECOM),2012 IEEE [2] M. Othman Othman and K. Okamura, “Improvement of content server with Content anycasting Using OpenFlow” In Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Advanced Network, 2010 [3] D. Agrawal, M.S. Beigi, C. Bisdikian, L. Kang-Won, “Planning and Managing the IPTV Service

  • Deployment. In proceeding of 10 the IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network

management IM ‘2007, Munich, Germany May 2007 [4] D. Eager, M. Ferris and M. Vernon, “Optimized Caching for on –Demand Data Delivery.” In Proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Network (MMCN 199), San Jose, California January 1999 [5] D. Chang, M. Kwak, N.Choi, T.Kwon and Y.Choi “C-flow: An efficient content delivery framework with OpenFlow”, ICOIN, 2014 [6] N. New Khaing , T. Phyu and T. Thu Naing ,“IP multicast Content Delivery System for Large Scale Applications” Information and Telecommunication technologies, 2005. APSITT 2005 Proceeding 6th Asia Pacific Symposium [7] Y. Yu, Q. Zhen, L. Xin, C. Shanzhi,” OFM: A novel Multicast Mechanism Based on OpenFlow”, Advances in information Sciences and Service Sciences, May, 2012 [8] G. Pallis, and A. Vakali, “Insight and Perspectives for Content Delivery Networks,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 49, No. 1, ACM Press, NY, USA, pp. 101-106, January 2006 [9] N. McKeown, T. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, G.Parulkar, L.Petterson, J.Rexford, S.Shenker and J.Turner, “OpenFlow: Enabling Innovation in Campus Networks” ACM SIGCOMM April, 2008 [10] A. Nagata, Y.Tsukiji and M. Tsuru, “Delivering a File by Multipath-Multicast on OpenFlow Networks. INCoS, 2013 5th International Conference. [11] E. Hilmi Egilmez , S. Tahsin Dane, K. Tolga Bagci and A. Murat Tekalp, “OpenQoS: An OpenFlow Controller Design for Multimedia Delivery with End-to-End Quality of Service over Software-Defined Networks”

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 24/22

Traffic Model

… Sender

Link capacity Available bandwidth Transfer time Total transfer time Three multicast connections Threshold Speed

… Cross Traffic

Multicast connection is disabled by cross traffic Join to multicast group Threshold

Sender

Three multicast connections Link capacity Speed

VoD Traffic VoD Traffic with Cross Traffic

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 25/22

Simulation Results (2/3)

4 8 12 16 20 24 10 20 30 40 50 Throughput (MB/s) Time (s)

VoD Traffic Cross Traffic delay

4 8 12 16 20 24 10 20 30 40 50 Throughput (MB/s) Time (s)

VoD Traffic Cross Traffic delay

Polling interval for 1 Second Polling interval for 2 Seconds

 Detection delay

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 26/22

Simulation Results (3/3)

5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 Throughput (MB/s) Time (s)

VoD Traffic Cross Traffic delay

Polling interval for 3 Seconds Polling Interval Time

1 second 2 seconds 3 seconds Lag time during leaving multicast group

1.3 2.8 4.8

Lag time during joining multicast group

1.2 2.7 4.7

Time to calculate multicast tree was around 6.4 ms

 Detection delay

Detection delay

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 27/22

Two Unavailable Nodes (1/2)

Root Node

Multicast-based VoD content delivery

Cannot receive packets

  • Link congestion or failure
  • Violate management policy

Local Nodes

Prune three links

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Niyonteze Bernard, POSTECH Master Thesis Defense 28/22

Two Unavailable Nodes (2/2)

Root Node

Multicast-based VoD content delivery

Cannot receive packets

  • Link congestion or failure
  • Violate management policy

Local Nodes

Prune two links