Protozoa Virtual Science University 1 Protozoa Texas TEK B.8 (C) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Protozoa

Virtual Science University

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Protozoa

Texas TEK B.8 (C) The student will identify characteristics of Kingdom Protista.

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Introduction to Protista

• If you examine a drop of pond water under a

microscope you will see it is full of life.

• It is loaded with a lot of tiny moving organisms.
• Many of the organisms you see belong to

kingdom Protista.

• Protists are placed in Kingdom Protista

because they do not have the characteristics of

• rganisms in the other kingdoms.
• All Protists are Eukaryotes and they are all

unicellular.

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Breakdown of Kingdom Protista

• Kingdom Protista have about

30,000 species.

• Protists are common almost

everywhere there is water — lakes, ponds, oceans, and rivers.

• The basis of their grouping is

locomotion.

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Breakdown of Kingdom Protista

• The four phyla into

which these organisms are grouped are: –Ciliophora –Sarcodina –Sporozoa –Mastigophora

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Phylum Ciliophora

– Ciliophora

• Also known as ciliates
• Move by means of

cilia or hair like extensions

• Ciliates tend to be

large

• Some Ciliates reach 2

mm in length

• Some are most

complex in structure

• The Paramecium is

the classic Ciliate

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Phylum Ciliophora - Paramecium

• Paramecium

– Has a rounded anterior end and a somewhat pointed posterior end – Looks like a mini slipper-shoe – Paramecium is flexible enough to bend, but remains the same shape as it moves – Has a thick outer membrane called the pellicle surrounding the cell membrane. – The contents consist of a clear outer layer of ectoplasm and a dense inner. endoplasm

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Phylum Ciliophora - Paramecium

• Paramecium

– Near the center of the endoplasm are found two different kinds of nuclei. – A large macronucleus controls such cell activities as respiration, protein synthesis, and digestion. – The other nucleus which is much smaller is the micronucleus . – Its function is only during reproduction. – Some species of Paramecium have more than one micronucleus.

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Phylum Ciliophora - Paramecium

• Paramecium

– Have contractile vacuole for removing extra water. – Found near each end of the Paramecium. – Around each vacuole are canals that radiate out into the cytoplasm. – These canals enlarge as they collect water, which is then passed on to the central part of the vacuole. – The water is eliminated from the vacuole through an opening in the cell surface.

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Phylum Sarcodina - Amoebae

– Sarcodina

• Move by means of

cytoplasmic projections called pseudopodia or false feet.

• Amoebae are in the

Phylum Sarcodina

• Amoebae are unicellular

life forms that mainly consist of contractile vacuole, a nucleus, and cytoplasm as their basic structure.

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Phylum Sarcodina - Amoebae

• Amoebae

– Changes shape as it moves. – Move and feed by means

• f temporary cytoplasmic

projections, called pseudopods (false feet). – Have appeared in a number of different groups. – Some cells in multicellular animals may be amoeboid, for instance human white blood cells, which consume pathogens.

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Phylum Sarcodina - Amoebae

• Amoebae

– Many protists also exist as individual amoeboid cells, or take such a form at some point in their life- cycle. – The most famous such

• rganism is Amoeba

proteus; the name amoeba is variously used to describe its close relatives, other organisms similar to it, or the amoebae in general.

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Phylum Sarcodina - Amoebae

• Amoebae

– Amoebae feed on algae and other protist cells. – When an ameba contacts such a cell, its pseudopodia surround the food particle. – The cell membrane breaks and then rejoins so as to enclose the food particle in a vacuole. – Enzymes are produced in the cytoplasm and pass into the food vacuole and digest the food. Amoebae eating algae

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Phylum Sarcodina - Amoebae

• Amoebae

– Nutrients are absorbed into the cytoplasm and the ameba uses them as an energy source

• r as raw material for

growth. – Pieces of undigested food remain in the vacuole until they can be eliminated from the cell by the process of exocytosis.

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Phylum Sporozoa

– Sporozoa

• These organisms are

non-motile

• Include parasitic

protists that form spores during their reproductive cycle.

• They belong to a

phylum called Apicomplexa and are non-motile unicellular parasites.

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Phylum Sporozoa

• Sporozoa
• Members of this Phylum

are parasitic and cause many serious diseases.

• Malaria which is one of the

diseases listed is a sporozoan that kills more people than any other infectious disease.

• They also infect many

animals and are transmitted from host to host.

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Phylum Mastigophora

–Mastigophora

• Move by means of

whip-like flagella

• Also known as the

Flagellates

• Subdivided into

– Dinoflagellates – Euglenoids – Zoomastigotes

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Phylum Mastigophora

–Mastigophora

• Dinoflagellates

– Unicellular and most have two flagella. – A few are found in fresh water but most are found in salt water because they make up part of the plankton.

• Egulenoids
• Zoomastigotes

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Phylum Mastigophora

–Mastigophora

• Egulenoids

– Freshwater protists with two flagella – Many Zoologists have great difficulty with this group of Protists because they have difficulty classifying these protists as animals or plants

– Zoomastigotes

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Phylum Mastigophora

–Mastigophora

• Zoomastigotes
• Kinetoplastids

– Unicellular heterotrophs that have at least one flagellum but some species may have thousands of flagella – Most reproduce asexually but some reproduce sexually – One group of Kinetoplastids, the trypanosomes cause diseases such as African Sleeping Sickness in humans and in domestic animals

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Table of Disease Causing Sporozoans

Sporozoans Disease Hosts Plasmodium Malaria Human & other Vertebrates Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis Humans & Cats Babesia Tick Fever Cattle, Mice, & Deer Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidiosis Cattle & Humans

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Contact Information

www.VirtualScienceUniversity.com

1-877-920-5550

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