Promoting Regional Education Services Integration: APEC University Associations Cross-Border Education Cooperation Workshop 20-22 May 2014 Prince Hotel & Residence Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia East Asian as a Host Region for International Students Kazuo Kuroda, Ph.D. Professor, Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies Director, Center for the Study of International Cooperation in Education, Waseda University Research Fellow, JICA Research Institute 1 1
Inbound Mobile Students to Three Western Countries 1986 1996 2010 2010/1986 * ** *** US 349,610 453,787 684,807 1.959 France 126,762 170,574 259,935 2.050 UK 56,726 197,188 389,958 6.874 Total 533,098 821,549 1,334,700 2.503 Source: * UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988) ** UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1998) *** UNESCO Global Education Digest (2012) 2
Inbound Mobile Students to Three Asian Countries 1986 1996 2010 2010/1986 **** **** **** China 6,174 41,211 238,184 (2009) 38.578 *** * ** Korea 1,309 2,143 59,194 45.221 * ** *** Japan 14,960 53,511 141,599 9.465 Total 20,612 78,409 438,977 21.297 Source: * UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988) ** UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1998) *** UNESCO Global Education Digest (2012) 3 **** Chinese Ministry of Education (2010)
International Students in China, Korea and Japan (UNESCO UIS 2012) 160000 140000 120000 100000 JPN 80000 CHN KOR 60000 40000 20000 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 4
Numbers of international students in Japan (by Regions) Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1980-2000) UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003-2008) 5 http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=IF_Language=eng
Students from China in Japan 100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 6
Students from Korea in Japan 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 7
Students from Viet Nam in Japan Vietnamese Students in Japan 3500 3000 2500 2000 Vietnamese Students in Japan 1500 1000 500 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 8
ASEAN Students in Japan Students from Brunei 3500 Darussalam Students from Cambodia 3000 Students from Indonesia 2500 Students from Lao People's Democratic Republic 2000 Students from Malaysia Students from Myanmar 1500 Students from Philippines 1000 Students from Singapore 500 Students from Thailand Students from Viet Nam 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 9
International Students in Japan (UIS 2012) Students from China Students from Korea (Republic of) Students from Viet Nam Students from Thailand Students from Malaysia Students from United States of America Students from Indonesia Students from Bangladesh Students from Nepal Students from Mongolia 10
Numbers of international students in Korea (by regions) Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1980-2000) UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003-2008) 11 http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=IF_Language=eng
International Students in Korea 70000 60000 50000 40000 Students from China in Korea International students in Korea Total 30000 20000 10000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 12
International Students in Korea (UIS 2012) Students from China Students from Mongolia Students from Viet Nam Students from Japan Students from United States of America Students from Asia, country not specified Students from India Students from Malaysia Students from Indonesia Students from Bangladesh 13
Japanese and Vietnamese students in Korea Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1980-2000) UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003-2008) 14 http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=IF_Language=eng
Numbers of ASEAN students in Korea (without Vietnam) 500 Students from Brunei Darussalam 450 Students from Cambodia 400 Students from Indonesia 350 300 Students from Lao People's Democratic Republic 250 Students from Malaysia 200 Students from Myanmar 150 Students from Philippines 100 Students from Singapore 50 Students from Thailand 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15
Numbers of international students in China (by regions) 140,000 120,000 100,000 Asia 80,000 Europe Africa 60,000 America Oceania 40,000 20,000 0 Source: Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education (1997-2007) 16
South Korean students in China 70000 60000 50000 South Korea 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988-1994) Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education(1997-2007) 17
Japanese students in China 25000 20000 Japan 15000 10000 5000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988-1994) Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education(1997-2007) 18
Thai students in China 6000 5000 4000 3000 Thailand 2000 1000 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988-1994) Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education(1997-2007) 19
Vietnamese students in China 8000 7000 6000 5000 Vietnam 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988-1994) Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education(1997-2007) 20
Indonesian students in China 6000 5000 4000 3000 Indonesia 2000 1000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988-1994) Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education(1997-2007) 21
Numbers of international students in China (without top 5 countries) North Korea Malyasia 3500 Phillipenes 3000 Myanmar Singapore 2500 Laos 2000 Brunei 1500 Cambodia Hong Kong 1000 Macau 500 Taiwan Australia 0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook (1988-1994) Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Education(1997-2007) 22
Numbers of International Students in Malaysia 70000 60000 50000 40000 Students from China in Malaysia International students in Malaysia Total 30000 20000 10000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 23
Numbers of International Students in Thailand 25000 20000 15000 Students from China in Thailand International students in Thailand Total 10000 5000 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 24
Numbers of International Students in Viet Nam International students in Vietnam 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 International students in Vietnam 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 25
Numbers of International Students in Australia International Students in Australia 300000 250000 200000 150000 International Students in Australia 100000 50000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 26
Numbers of International Students in Australia by Asian Major Sending Countries 100000 90000 80000 70000 China 60000 Hong Kong India 50000 Indonesia 40000 Malaysia Singapore 30000 20000 10000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 27
Numbers of International Students in Australia by European Major Sending Countries 7000 6000 5000 France 4000 Germany Norway 3000 Sweden United Kingdom 2000 1000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 28
Growing number of students move from East Asia to East Asia Inbound mobile students:* 1999 or circa ⇒ 2010 or circa China 902 ↓ (5072%) 25655 1387 45757 ↓ (1272%) ↓ (337%) 17633 86553 6256 ↓ (856%) 54790 Japan Japan 11,731 ↓ (532%) 62442 5,296 ↓ (232%) 715 ↓ (198%) 12326 1428 Korea ASEAN ASEAN 170 ↓ (2028%) 3449 Source : UNESCO Statistical Yearbook & UNESCO Global Education Digest Note : Numbers in parenthesis indicate the percentage growth 29
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