Project No.2 External Wall types and Openings Group 7 Layers used: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Project No.2 External Wall types and Openings Group 7 Layers used: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 23, 2024 252 likes •385 views

Project No.2 External Wall types and Openings Group 7 Layers used: Concrete Block Clay Brick Plasterboard Render Insulation Wall tie Timber Concrete Block Made from cast concrete usually made of sand and fine

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SLIDE 1

Project No.2

External Wall types and Openings Group 7

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SLIDE 2

Layers used:

 Concrete Block  Clay Brick  Plasterboard  Render  Insulation  Wall tie  Timber

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SLIDE 3

Concrete Block Made from cast concrete usually made of sand and fine gravel. Size of standard concrete brick is 215x100x440mm.

Clay Brick Made of clay bearing soil, sand and lime. Size of clay block is 65x102.5x215mm.

Plasterboard Made from calcium sulfate dihydrate.

Render Made from cement, sand and water.

Insulation Made of Cellulose, fiberglass and wool.

Wall Tie Made from metal.

Timber Size 47x25mm

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SLIDE 4

Wall Type 1-20th Century Partial Fill Cavity Wall Construction:

Components Concrete Block Cavity Insulation Wall tie Clay Brick Plasterboard

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Wall Type 1-20th Century Full Fill Cavity Wall Construction:

Components Concrete Block Insulation Wall tie Plasterboard Render

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Wall Type 1-20th Century Solid Wall Construction:

Components Render Insulation Concrete block Plasterboard Timber

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SLIDE 7

Insulation in walls

  • 50mm cavity
  • 50mm insulation
  • 100mm insulation
  • 0mm cavity
  • Solid wall
  • Plaster (25mm)
  • Timber battens
  • Insulation

Blanket insulation

  • Materials:
  • Fibreglass
  • Mineral wool
  • Plastic fibre
  • Installation
  • Between studs, joints and

beams

Types of insulation

Loose-fill insulation

  • Materials:
  • Cellulose
  • Fibreglass
  • Mineral wool
  • Installation
  • Blown into place

Concrete block insulation

  • Materials:
  • Foam board
  • Installation
  • Stacked without mortar

and surface bonded Foam board insulation

  • Materials:
  • Polystyrene
  • Installation
  • Interior must be

covered with half inch gypsum

  • board. Exterior

must be covered with weatherproof facing.

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/insulation/types-insulation

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorcavityinsulation- 170404103330/95/tutor-cavity-insulation-ppt-4-16- 638.jpg?cb=1491302042 https://www.diydoctor.org.uk/project_images/insulating walls/insulation-with-battens.jpg https://www.insulationshop.co/image/ca talog/product/URSA/URSA_Cavity_Batt s_fullfill.png Thermal conductivity: 100mm = 0.17W/m2K 50mm = 0.40W/m2K Solid wall = 0.20W/m2K https://www.uvalue- calculator.co.uk/calc ulator/walls/external %20wall%20insulati

  • n%20(ewi)/solid%

20brick/102.5mm/1 0mm%20polymer% 20render/60/

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Plasterboard

Plasterboard is made of gypsum and paper. The U value of plasterboard varies depending on which type it is but according to Gyproc the standard 12.5mm plasterboard has a u value of 0.05 m^2K/W. With a vapour control membrane The U value is only 0.04 m^2K/W. There are many types of plasterboard such as Vapor control, Impact protection, Moisture resistant, Acoustic, Fire resistant and Insulated. Additives are added in the paper liner and core to make certain types like moisture resistant plasterboard for example. The standard thicknesses given by Gyproc for plasterboard are 9.5mm, 12.5mm and 15mm. Also normally has a standard width of 1200mm to suit 600mm spacing between studded walls. The gypsum in plasterboard is generated from natural and synthetic sources so plasterboard has a low level of embodied energy

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Concrete Block

  • Great strength - More in compression and less in tension.
  • It is reinforced by vertical and horizontal steel bars.
  • Must have vertical expansion joins – 6m centres for cone blockwork.
  • Too strong – Increase risk of cracking.
  • Too weak – Joints weather as they let in water.
  • Thermal mass:
  • Absorb heat in hot conditions
  • Release back in fixing space
  • Acts as a house radiator
  • Slow to build – Doesn’t tolerate extreme weather conditions
  • Water leads to the shrinking and expansion which causes depletes.
  • High density – Made of cement
  • Low density – Made of cement and fly ash
  • Measurements – 440 x 215 x 100
  • Absorb less water
  • Class A1 – Fire resistance
  • Excellent sound insulation

Plastered concrete block https://t3.ftcdn.net/jpg/00/76/23/10/500_F_7 6231022_gserNvxLx0TpxYfcdPmYfi806P7n n2pK.jpg Rendered concrete block https://i.pinimg.com/originals/be/00/fb/be00fb8ffbcb0cd33 9bea695de2bc242.jpg

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Clay Brick Clay bricks should have a thickness of 102.5 mm, be frost resistant. Bricks are very water absorbent. Standard bricks are tested by leaving them in cold water for 24 hours The conductivity of a clay brick is 0.9 W/Mk

Standard dimensions of a clay brick

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SLIDE 11

Wall tie Over the years, wall ties have been made from materials such as; plastic, galvanised mild steel and also stainless steel. Out of the three

  • f these, both plastic and galvanised

mild steel are obsolete. The sizes of the wall ties vary depending on each wall and the type of wall tie needed. Partially filled cavity walls require a different type of wall tie than a full fill cavity where as solid walls don’t require a wall tie.

The purpose of wall ties is to join both the inner and

  • uter leaf of the wall together allowing them to act as a
  • unit. Wall ties also play a vital role in ensuring that the

building is stable. This is why we don’t need wall ties in a solid wall as its

  • nly one main component and we don’t need tie it

together

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Reference page

https://www.gyproc.ie/sites/default/files/Section%202.1%20-%20Boards_0.pdf https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1GCEU_enIE869IE869&biw=1440&bih=789&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=l XmUXZW6KNSDhbIP24qm4A8&q=plasterboard+types&oq=plasterboard+types&gs_l=img.3..0j0i24l4.13 8103.142203..142405...0.0..0.56.571.18......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67.LedIj- KUiwQ&ved=0ahUKEwjV2O_hrP3kAhXUQUEAHVuFCfwQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=ih6LvvLiIC3SbM: https://www.insulationsuperstore.co.uk/browse/plasterboard.html https://www.gyproc.ie/products-systems/products/gyproc-moisture-resistant https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enIE869IE869&biw=1440&bih=789&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei= cOOUXYKNNvXE8gLi- LPQBw&q=how+plasterboard+made&oq=how+plasterboard+made&gs_l=img.3...13109.16902..17100...0 .0..0.46.697.21......0....1..gws-wiz- img.......0j0i67j0i8i30j0i24.av43nH3LjtU&ved=0ahUKEwiCheXbkf7kAhV1olwKHWL8DHoQ4dUDCAc&uac t=5#imgrc=kQLYDqRWBuDquM: https://www.google.com/search?q=plasterboard&rlz=1C1CHBD_enIE869IE869&source=lnms&tbm=isch& sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqicbro_7kAhUhpnEKHY90BsQQ_AUIEigB&biw=1440&bih=789#imgrc=rymLEqGs Ew-XmM: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enIE869IE869&biw=1440&bih=789&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei= c_aUXY6zL9eG1fAPl86aUA&q=standard+brick+dimensions&oq=standard+brick+dimensions&gs_l=img. 3..0l10.97762.102225..102410...0.0..0.55.930.25......0....1..gws-wiz- img.......0i67.JfAyrBFUZo4&ved=0ahUKEwjOuMDso_7kAhVXQxUIHRenBgoQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc= 5Wup4NCJU1POUM: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=h7iUXaS_IsSM8gLQk5fQBg&q= 21st+century+solid+wall+construction&oq=21st+century+solid+wall+construction&gs_l=img.3...239671.240940..241128...0.0..0.46.79.2.. ....0....2j1..gws-wiz-img.dBMP9VeQyks&ved=0ahUKEwjknsrl6P3kAhVEhlwKHdDJBWoQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=Y6JH7RtGt5aJnM:

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SLIDE 13

https://gharpedia.com/blog/cavity-wall-advantages-and-disadvantages/ https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=h7iUXaS_IsSM8gLQk5fQBg&q=21st+c entury+solid+wall+construction&oq=21st+century+solid+wall+construction&gs_l=img.3...239671.240940..241128...0.0..0.46.79.2......0....2j1..gw s-wiz-img.dBMP9VeQyks&ved=0ahUKEwjknsrl6P3kAhVEhlwKHdDJBWoQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=Y6JH7RtGt5aJnM: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=KbKUXeSRHcPD8gKTqoyYCA&q=20th+centu ry+full+fill+cavity+wall+construction+wall+ties&oq=20th+century+full+fill+cavity+wall+construction+wall+ties&gs_l=img.3...846068.848671..849596...0. 0..0.89.456.11......0....1..gws-wiz- img.9VQgwSipLgU&ved=0ahUKEwikyqXc4v3kAhXDoVwKHRMVA4MQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=GjnWZEKRmLEXfM: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=KbKUXeSRHcPD8gKTqoyYCA&q=20th+cent ury+full+fill+cavity+wall+construction+wall+ties&oq=20th+century+full+fill+cavity+wall+construction+wall+ties&gs_l=img.3...846068.848671..849596... 0.0..0.89.456.11......0....1..gws-wiz- img.9VQgwSipLgU&ved=0ahUKEwikyqXc4v3kAhXDoVwKHRMVA4MQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=1ShP1y0qe4XNUM: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=KbKUXeSRHcPD8gKTqoyYCA&q=20th+century+full+fill+cavity +wall+construction+wall+ties&oq=20th+century+full+fill+cavity+wall+construction+wall+ties&gs_l=img.3...846068.848671..849596...0.0..0.89.456.11......0....1..gws-wiz- img.9VQgwSipLgU&ved=0ahUKEwikyqXc4v3kAhXDoVwKHRMVA4MQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgdii=8XhYJ5rGDDo-oM:&imgrc=1ShP1y0qe4XNUM: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1PRFI_enIE857IE858&biw=1536&bih=754&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=KbKUXeSRHcPD8gKTqoyYCA&q=20th+century+full+fill+cavity+wall+co nstruction+wall+ties&oq=20th+century+full+fill+cavity+wall+construction+wall+ties&gs_l=img.3...846068.848671..849596...0.0..0.89.456.11......0....1..gws-wiz- img.9VQgwSipLgU&ved=0ahUKEwikyqXc4v3kAhXDoVwKHRMVA4MQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgdii=grnuEe0aEUCR8M:&imgrc=1ShP1y0qe4XNUM: