Project Background Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Project Background Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Project Background Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach (2010) Produced by FHWA/EPA/CNU/ ITE Recommended Practice, focus on new ideas and needs @CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

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Project Background

  • Designing Walkable Urban

Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach (2010)

  • Produced by FHWA/EPA/CNU/

ITE

  • Recommended Practice, focus
  • n new ideas and needs

Implementing Context Sensitive Design @CompleteStreets

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Limitations

  • 2010 vs. 2017 à Differences in understanding

CSS and Complete Streets

  • Some difficulty adapting recommended

practices to local contexts

  • RP focus on design, less so on policy and

process

  • Lack of strong guidance for suburban-type

areas

Implementing Context Sensitive Design @CompleteStreets

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This Publication

  • Implementing Context

Sensitive Design on Multimodal Corridors: A Practitioner’s Handbook

  • Produced by FHWA/ITE
  • Informational Report, focus
  • n adapting to new

information and audiences

Implementing Context Sensitive Design @CompleteStreets

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Project Goals

  • User-friendly, graphically-rich application guide
  • Expand and enhance the content of the ITE RP

and the NACTO Guide through case studies

  • Demonstrate successful practical applications
  • Solutions with multimodal focus (ped, bike,

freight)

Implementing Context Sensitive Design @CompleteStreets

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  • Technical Editor:

Nelson\Nygaard

  • Case Studies: CNU
  • FHWA Office of Planning,

Environment, Realty

  • 30+ Subject Matter

Experts

  • AASHTO
  • AMPO
  • ITE Complete Streets

Council

  • ABPB
  • US Access Board
  • Smart Growth America
  • Independent Truckers

(OOIDA)

  • Development and Land

Use (NADO)

  • Freight & Research

Communities

Content Development and Review

Implementing Context Sensitive Design @CompleteStreets

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Reception and Feedback

  • Launch webinar in November 2017
  • FHWA dissemination and promotion
  • Over 700 copies downloaded since launch
  • Positive feedback, innovation with “mature”

case studies

Implementing Context Sensitive Design @CompleteStreets

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@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

Managing Transition

A Practitioner’s Guide to Multimodal Thoroughfare Design

December 11, 2018

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Why Another Guide?

2

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Strong, Clear Urban Guidance

3

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Other Contexts Are Harder To Discern

4

Things The Green Book Says:

  • Provisions should be made, because pedestrians are

the lifeblood of our urban areas.

  • There are important differences between the design

criteria applicable to low- and high-speed designs.

  • Use simple designs that minimize crossing widths

and minimize the use of more complex elements such as channelization and separate turning lanes.

  • On lower speed facilities, use of above-minimum

design criteria may encourage travel at speeds higher than the design speed.

@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

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Our Communities Don’t Fit a Mold

53% of Americans describe where they live as suburban

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Places Are Not Static

7

Des Moines, Iowa

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Design Process

  • 1. Define Problem
  • 2. Document Physical and Policy Context
  • 3. Identify Process and Stakeholders
  • 4. Analyze Collaboratively
  • 5. Manage Communication

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Design Process

  • 1. Define Problem
  • 2. Document Physical and Policy Context
  • 3. Identify Process and Stakeholders
  • 4. Analyze Collaboratively
  • 5. Manage Communication

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Pre-Design Activities

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Part 1 - Pre-Design: Defining The Problem

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Pounds of CO2 Per Person-Mile

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Results Over the Last 50 Years

  • 1. Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) Growing Faster Than

Population Growth

  • 2. Longer Commute Times
  • 3. Decreased Transit Ridership

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Public Health Impacts

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  • Cardiovascular:

Heart Attack Stroke

  • Respiratory: Asthma

Emphysema

  • Weight Related: Diabetes II

Heart Disease

  • Environmental:

Cancer & other “chronic” diseases

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Pre-Design Decisions That Affect Outcomes

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  • 1. Traffic Growth Rate – Be Realistic…Don’t Preclude Success

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Measure, Don’t Just Project Traffic

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Pre-Design Decisions That Affect Outcomes

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  • 1. Traffic Growth Rate – Be Realistic…Don’t Preclude Success
  • 2. Planning Horizon – Select Thoughtfully

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Pre-Design Decisions That Affect Outcomes

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Pre-Design Decisions That Affect Outcomes

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  • 1. Traffic Growth Rate – Be Realistic…Don’t Preclude Success
  • 2. Planning Horizon – Select Thoughtfully
  • 3. “Success” Metrics – Know Your Market

1. Level of Service vs. Travel Time 2. Auto-Only vs. Multi-Modal 3. Traditional Analysis vs. Broadly-Focused

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Level of Service A

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San Francisco, CA

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Level of Service F

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San Francisco, CA

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Strategy 1: Observation Studies

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Newark, NJ

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Strategy 2: Safety Analyses (Vision Zero)

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Strategy 3: Future-Proofing

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  • Plan For Horizon Demographics

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Baby Boomers

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Licensed Drivers by Age Group

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Source: Michael Sivaka & Brandon Schoettlea, “Update: Percentage of Young Persons With a Driver's License Continues to Drop.” Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 13, Issue 4, 2012. Page 341.

@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

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Strategy 3: Future-Proofing

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  • Plan For Horizon Demographics
  • Be Realistic About Funding

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Funding

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Strategy 3: Future-Proofing

30

  • Plan For Horizon Demographics
  • Be Realistic About Funding
  • Build In Autonomy Triggers

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Driverless Cars

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Kemner Iott Benz

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The Shift In Mobility

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Transportation Management Platforms

LUUM RIDE AMIGOS

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New Mobility Is About Curb Management

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Part 2 - Modes and Networks – The Physical and Policy Context

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Tradeoffs

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Street Users

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Needs Wants Capacity Speed Safety Comfort Frequency Reliability Space Separation Cars Peds Transit Bikes

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Street Users

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Needs Wants Capacity Speed Safety Comfort Frequency Reliability Space Separation Cars Peds Transit Bikes

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Primary Tradeoff Drivers

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  • 1. Mobility Function
  • 2. Modal Emphasis
  • 3. Context

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Tradeoff Tools: Zones

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Tradeoff Tools: Function-Driven Zones

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Function and Modal Emphasis

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Tradeoff Tools: Context-Driven Zones

Context

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  • 1. Mobility Function

Atlanta, GA

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  • 1. Mobility Function

Atlanta, GA

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  • 2. Modal Emphasis

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Successful Transit Must Be

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  • 1. Convenient

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Successful Transit Must Be

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  • 1. Convenient
  • 2. Safe & Comfortable

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Successful Transit Must Be

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  • 1. Convenient
  • 2. Safe & Comfortable
  • 3. Reliable

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Context (Urban Form) Matters

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Walk Bike Transit Automobile

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“First/Last Mile” Options Are Often Poor

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Will People Ride Bikes?

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Cyclists Are Not Monolithic

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  • Who is the market?

54

Bike Travelers

Portland Department of Transportation

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  • Who is the market?

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Bike Travelers

Portland Department of Transportation

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  • 3. Identifying Context

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Speed

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Context May Not Be Temporally Constant

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San Diego, CA

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Context May Not Be Temporally Constant

San Diego, CA

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Network Strategy 1: Break Down The Blocks

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Same Total Lanes More Capacity

4 4 6 6 2 2 2 2 2

Network Strategy 1: Break Down The Blocks

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Relationship Between Unimpeded Block Length and Speed

Source: City of San Antonio, TX

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Capacity of Additional Through Lane (VPH)

Lane Capacity

Network Strategy 2: Look For Efficiency

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Strategy 3: Use The Network

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Abercorn Street - Historic District

40,000 Sq.Ft per Acre Density 10.4 Miles

  • f Streets

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Abercorn Street: Suburban Pattern

15,500 Sq.Ft per Acre Built Density 4.3 Miles

  • f Streets

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Abercorn Street: Retail Mall District

13,500

  • Sq. Ft.

per Acre built Density 3.3 Miles

  • f Streets

@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

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Part 3 - Safety and Walkability: Process and Tools

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Stakeholders and Outreach

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Speed Matters – (See Next Section)

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How much safer are livable streets?

  • Per vehicle mile traveled:
  • 40% fewer

midblock crashes

than roadway averages.

  • 67% fewer roadside

crashes than roadway

averages.

Source: Eric Dumbaugh, Texas A&M § Examined lengths of arterials in 3 small metro regions: § Substantial design variation: § Pedestrian-oriented “livable” streetscape in downtown core. § Conventional suburban. § Suburban/rural transition.

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The Transit “Arterial” The “Escape Route”

Common Situations

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Scale Myth: Some Streets Only Feel Big

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Crossing Opportunity Isolation Proportion & Scale

Scale Myth: Some Streets Only Feel Big

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Vertical Enclosure

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Scale

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Crossing Opportunity

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Activity (Driven By Density)

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Crossing Toolkit 1: Safety Standards

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Pedestrian Crossings

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Speed Limits Above 30mph

Generator Component Transit Stops (Boarding Thresholds?) Jobs Centers (Density Definition?) Schools Risk Component Spacing (Tied to Typology?) Speed Width

Generator Score Risk Score

Crossing Toolkit 2: Policies and Priorities

Set Spacing Standard Prioritize Locations

Should be well under 1000’ in any walkable context

@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

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Crossing Toolkit 3: Warrants

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From MUTCD:

  • They (traffic signals) are used to interrupt heavy traffic at intervals to permit
  • ther traffic, vehicular or pedestrian, to cross.

Pedestrian Warrant

  • The Pedestrian Volume signal warrant is intended for application where the

traffic volume on a major street is so heavy that pedestrians experience excessive delay in crossing the major street.

  • The criterion for the pedestrian volume crossing the major street may be

reduced as much as 50 percent if the 15th-percentile crossing speed of pedestrians is less than 3.5 feet per second.

  • School Warrant and Progression Warrant

Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon

  • A pedestrian hybrid beacon may be considered for installation to facilitate

pedestrian crossings at a location that does not meet traffic signal warrants.

@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design

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Case Study Great Street: Main St / Greenville, SC

designed in 1970’s by Lawrence Halprin

Crossing Toolkit 4: Legibility

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Speed Management: Process and Tools

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Myth: Freeways Are Efficient

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Reality: Good At Certain Things

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“Metro areas that invested heavily in road capacity expansion fared no better in easing congestion than metro areas that did not. Trends in congestion show that areas that exhibited greater growth in lane capacity spent roughly $22 billion more on road construction than those that didn’t, yet ended up with slightly higher congestion costs per person, wasted fuel, and travel delay.” –Surface Transportation Policy Project

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Speed Myth: Speed vs. Capacity

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NACTO

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Space Myth: The Cars in MY City Are Huge!

94

Prius

5.8’

Pickup

6.6’

Bus

8-9’

Stabilizers 12-16’

Ladder Truck

7-8’

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7’ 10’

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What Makes Drivers Slow Down?

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Design Speed vs. Operating Speed

  • Selection of design speed controls:
  • Horizontal curvature
  • Vertical curvature

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Speed Selection

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Design Engineers: Design Speed (60 mph) - 5

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Speed Selection

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Design Speed (100 mph) - 5 Design Engineers: Design Speed (60 mph) - 5

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Risk vs. Reward

  • Risk:
  • Design of street/street type
  • Weather
  • Presence of pedestrians/cyclists
  • Vertical elements (trees, buildings, etc.)

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Risk vs. Reward

  • Risk:
  • Design of street/street type
  • Weather
  • Presence of pedestrians/cyclists
  • Vertical elements (trees, buildings, etc.)
  • Reward:
  • Decreased travel time

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Design Speed vs. Operating Speed

  • Selection of design speed controls:
  • Horizontal curvature
  • Vertical curvature
  • Design elements that affect operating speed:
  • Multilane Cartways
  • Lane width
  • Edge activity
  • Vertical elements

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Opposing Vehicles In Blind Spots

Strategy 1: Road Diets

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Edgewater Drive (Orlando, FL)

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Edgewater Drive (Orlando, FL)

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Edgewater Drive (Orlando, FL)

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Edgewater Drive (Orlando, FL)

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Minneapolis Lane Removals

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Strategy 2: Lane Width Adjustment

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Before Testing Plan Knox St, Dallas (Demonstration Project)

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Lane Widths and Speed

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Knox St, Dallas (Demonstration Project)

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Strategies 1 and 2

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The bike lanes may only be incidental, but you still get them.

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Strategy 3: Amenitize The Space Saved

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Curb Space

Bicycle Parking or Infrastructure Dedicated Transit Lanes/Stops Public Space More Vehicle Lanes

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Pittsburgh Street Design Guidelines

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THANK YOU

Paul Moore Nelson\Nygaard 213.785.5500

@CompleteStreets Implementing Context Sensitive Design