Probing the Galactic Planetary Census Greg Laughlin -- UCSC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

probing the galactic planetary census
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Probing the Galactic Planetary Census Greg Laughlin -- UCSC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Probing the Galactic Planetary Census Greg Laughlin -- UCSC Astronomy Tuesday, June 26, 12 Exoplanet News The finding was called exciting by from the AAS Dr. Kenneth Franklin of the American Museum-Hayden Planetarium. He meeting


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Probing the Galactic Planetary Census

Greg Laughlin -- UCSC Astronomy

Tuesday, June 26, 12

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“The finding was called ‘exciting’ by

  • Dr. Kenneth Franklin of the American

Museum-Hayden Planetarium. He noted, however, that Barnard’s Star b probably does not bear life as Earth knows it because the new planet is too large and too cold.” “The discovery of a planet, not much larger than Jupiter, outside the solar system was reported yesterday by a Swarthmore College scientist at an American Astronomical Society meeting.” “The object is a dark companion of a dim star some 36,000,000,000,000 miles away. It is called Barnard’s star” “The new finding adds support to the conviction of astronomers that a great many solar systems exist, some of them possibly supporting life.”

Exoplanet News

from the AAS meeting

(New York Times)

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New York Times, April 19, 1963

A Planetary System Orbiting Barnard’s Star?

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Credit: ESO (VLT/NACO)

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A stellar spectrum from The Keck Telescope. The velocity of the star along the line of sight is obtained by very accurately measuring the positions of the stellar absorption lines relative to a set of reference lines created by passing the light through an iodine cell which is at rest with respect to the telescope.

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RV prediction from the van de Kamp (1969) system

1998 2006

50 m/s

  • 50 m/s

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5 10

  • 5
  • 10

1997

Radial Velocity (M/S)

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Signal that would be produced by a 3-Earth mass planet on a 80-d orbit. (Currently, there is no strong evidence for any planets orbiting Barnard’s Star.)

HET UVES

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A star and its planetary system forms when an interstellar cloud of gas and dust collapses under its own weight to form a “protostar” surrounded by a spinning disk.

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A computer simulation Hubble Space Telescope image

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Gas Giants Ice Giants Terrestrial Planets Icy Outer “Dwarf Planets”

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Migration

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End State

hi i hi e Kozai Cycles with Tidal Friction

If we neglect the mass of the planet, then the planet conserves during its motion. (This Kozai integral is related to the Jacobi energy and the Tisserand relation in the circular restricted 3-body problem.) As the orbit shrinks, GR precession eventually destroys the Kozai oscillations, leaving the planet marooned in its high-e state. The orbit gradually circularizes, eventually leaving a hot Jupiter.

39 deg 2(longitude of periapse) 90 deg inclination from plane KOZAI CYCLES Tuesday, June 26, 12

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The first extrasolar planet around a sun-like star was discovered by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz in 1995. They measured the Doppler radial velocity of the star.

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51 Peg b discovered RV method affirmed 55Cnc b discovered (Marcy & Butler 1997) 2/20/1989 First published Lick RV

2010 2000 2005 1995 1990

Gliese 229b discovered HD 209458b Kepler Launched

HET RVs

Lick RVs Elodie RVs

23-year Timeline of 55 Cancri RV Observations

c, d discovered (2002) e discovered (2005) f discovered (2005) e revised (2010)

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0.74d 2.8d (alias)

Dawson & Fabrycky (2010) Winn et al. (2011)

A 14d + 44d + 260d + 5200d fit to the 2+ decades of RV data for 55 Cancri

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Saturn (to scale)

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Transit of Venus

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Planets detected via RV (including transiting planets)

Earth Jupiter

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